A clergy house is the residence, or former residence, of one or more
priest
A priest is a religious leader authorized to perform the sacred rituals of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and one or more deities. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in partic ...
s or
ministers of religion. Residences of this type can have a variety of names, such as
manse, parsonage, rectory or vicarage.
Function
A clergy house is typically owned and maintained by a church, as a benefit to its
clergy
Clergy are formal leaders within established religions. Their roles and functions vary in different religious traditions, but usually involve presiding over specific rituals and teaching their religion's doctrines and practices. Some of the ter ...
. This practice exists in many denominations because of the tendency of clergy to be transferred from one church to another at relatively frequent intervals. Also, in smaller communities, suitable housing is not as available. In addition, such a residence can be supplied in lieu of salary, which may not be able to be provided (especially at smaller congregations).
Catholic clergy houses in particular may be lived in by several priests from a
parish
A parish is a territorial entity in many Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a priest, often termed a parish priest, who might be assisted by one or ...
. Clergy houses frequently serve as the administrative office of the local parish, as well as a residence. They are normally located next to, or at least close to, the church their occupant serves.
Partly because of the general conservation of churches, many clergy houses have survived and are of historic interest or importance. In the United Kingdom, the 14th-century
Alfriston Clergy House was the first property to be acquired by the
National Trust
The National Trust, formally the National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty, is a charity and membership organisation for heritage conservation in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. In Scotland, there is a separate and ...
. It was purchased in a state of near ruin in 1896 for £10, the vicarage having moved elsewhere long before.
In some countries where the clergy houses were often rather grand, many of them have now been sold off by the churches and replaced by more modest properties. Numerous clergy houses have been acquired by families for use as private homes. Others have been adapted as offices or used for various civic functions. In many villages in England, the former clergy house is called the "Old Vicarage" or the "Old Rectory". In Scotland, a former clergy house may be known as the "Old Manse".
Nomenclature
There are a number of more specific terms whose use depends on the rank of the occupant, the denomination, and the locality. Above the parish level, a bishop's house was traditionally called a "Bishop's Palace", a
dean's residence is known as a
deanery
A deanery (or decanate) is an ecclesiastical entity in the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Anglican Communion, the Evangelical Church in Germany, and the Church of Norway. A deanery is either the jurisdiction or reside ...
, and a
canon lives in a canonry or "canon's house". Other clerical titles have different names for their houses.
A parsonage is where the
parson of a church resides; a parson is the priest/presbyter of a
parish church
A parish church (or parochial church) in Christianity is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish. In many parts of the world, especially in rural areas, the parish church may play a significant role in community activities, ...
. A rectory is the residence of an
ecclesiastical rector, although the name may also be applied to the home of an
academic rector (e.g. a Scottish university rector) or other person with that title. In North American Anglicanism, a far greater proportion of parish clergy were (and still are) titled as rector than in Britain, so the term rectory is more common there.
The names used for homes of ordinary parish clergy vary considerably and include the following:
* The
Anglican Communion
The Anglican Communion is the third largest Christian communion after the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. Founded in 1867 in London, the communion has more than 85 million members within the Church of England and other ...
uses the terms vicarage or (more informal and old-fashioned) parsonage, and rectory if appropriate.
*
Roman Catholic
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
* Rome, the capital city of Italy
*Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
* Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a let ...
s use the terms priory, clergy house, parochial house (mostly in Ireland), chapel house (in Scotland), presbytery, and rectory (especially in Massachusetts) if appropriate. In the Philippines, the term convent is used, a direct
calque
In linguistics, a calque () or loan translation is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal word-for-word or root-for-root translation. When used as a verb, "to calque" means to borrow a word or phrase from another language ...
of the
Spanish ''convento''.
*
Manse (cognate with
mansion) is a Scottish term that is used in Scottish
Presbyterianism
Presbyterianism is a part of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism that broke from the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland by John Knox, who was a priest at St. Giles Cathedral (Church of Scotland). Presbyterian churches derive their n ...
, and also in other parts of the British Isles by
Non-conformist churches such as the
Methodists and the
United Reformed Church. This name is also commonly used by
Baptists
Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing Christian believers only (believer's baptism), and doing so by complete immersion. Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul com ...
in the United Kingdom and in some
Commonwealth countries.
* Pastorium is the usual term in the
Southern United States
The Southern United States (sometimes Dixie, also referred to as the Southern States, the American South, the Southland, or simply the South) is a geographic and cultural region of the United States of America. It is between the Atlantic Ocean ...
, especially among
Baptists
Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing Christian believers only (believer's baptism), and doing so by complete immersion. Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul com ...
.
*
Lutheran
Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism, identifying primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practice of the Catholic Church launched ...
churches often use parsonage.
* The name "parish house" is used by many denominations.
Gallery
File:Pfarrhaus Ilmenau.JPG, A rectory in Ilmenau, Germany
File:Plebania BaczalDolny2013.JPG, The rectory in Bączal Dolny, Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
(1923)
File:Valoprastgard.jpg, The rectory in Valö, Uppland, Sweden
File:Edsleskogs prastgard 2007.jpg, The rectory in Edsleskog, Dalsland, Sweden
Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic countries, Nordic c ...
File:Halton Vicarage.jpg, Halton Vicarage
Halton Vicarage is in Castle Road, Halton in the town of Runcorn, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.
The vicarage was built in 1739 by Sir John Ches ...
, England; 1739 and still used
File:The Old Vicarage, Morwenstow. - panoramio.jpg, The old vicarage, Morwenstow
Morwenstow ( kw, Logmorwenna) is a civil parish in north Cornwall, UK. The parish abuts the west coast, about six miles (10 km) north of Bude and within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).
Morwenstow is the most north ...
, England
File:The Abbey Sutton Courtenay.jpg, The Abbey, Sutton Courtenay, former rectory of Abingdon Abbey, England
File:West Manse Sanday.jpg, The West Manse, Sanday, Scotland (formerly the Free Kirk manse)
File:Vieux presbytère de Deschambault 02.jpg, Old rectory of Deschambault (1815–1818), Canada
File:Sacred Heart Rectory Davenport IA.jpg, Sacred Heart Cathedral Rectory in Davenport, Iowa
Davenport is a city in and the county seat of Scott County, Iowa, United States. Located along the Mississippi River on the eastern border of the state, it is the largest of the Quad Cities, a metropolitan area with a population of 384,324 and ...
, USA
File:Immaculate Conception Rectory at Botkins.jpg, An 1887 Catholic rectory in Ohio
Ohio () is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. Of the List of states and territories of the United States, fifty U.S. states, it is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 34th-l ...
File:Ashburton House.jpg, Ashburton House
Ashburton House, also known as St. John's Church Parish House or the British Legation, is a historic house at 1525 H Street NW, on Lafayette Square in Washington, D.C. Built in 1836, it is notable as the residence of Lord Ashburton in 1842, du ...
, the parish house of St. John's Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square, Washington D.C.
See also
*
Clergy housing allowance
References
Further reading
*Alun-Jones, Deborah (2013) ''The Wry Romance of the Literary Rectory''. London: Thames & Hudson
External links
*
{{Authority control
Christian buildings and structures