Pile is the raised surface or
nap of a
fabric
Textile is an umbrella term that includes various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, different fabric types, etc. At first, the word "textiles" only referred to woven fabrics. However, weaving is not ...
, consisting of upright loops or strands of
yarn
Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, used in sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, ropemaking, and the production of textiles. Thread is a type of yarn intended for sewing by hand or machine. Modern manu ...
.
["Pile." ''The Oxford English Dictionary''. 2nd ed. 1989.] Examples of pile
textiles
Textile is an umbrella term that includes various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, different fabric types, etc. At first, the word "textiles" only referred to woven fabrics. However, weaving is not the ...
are
carpets,
corduroy
Corduroy is a textile with a distinctively raised "cord" or wale texture. Modern corduroy is most commonly composed of tufted cords, sometimes exhibiting a channel (bare to the base fabric) between them. Both velvet and corduroy derive from fu ...
,
velvet
Weave details visible on a purple-colored velvet fabric
Velvet is a type of woven tufted fabric in which the cut threads are evenly distributed, with a short pile, giving it a distinctive soft feel. By extension, the word ''velvety'' means ...
,
plush, and Turkish towels. The word is derived from Latin ''pilus'' for "
hair
Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis. Hair is one of the defining characteristics of mammals.
The human body, apart from areas of glabrous skin, is covered in follicles which produce thick terminal and fi ...
".
[Pile]
" Online Etymology Dictionary. Douglas Harper, Historian. retrieved from dictionary.com 10 September 2007.
Length and density
The surface and the yarn in these fabrics are also called "pile". In particular "pile length" or "pile depth" refer to the length of the yarn strands (half-length of the loops). Pile length affects and is affected by
knot density: "The greater the knot density, the thinner the weft and warp yarns and the more weakly are they twisted; the smaller the density, the coarser are the foundation yarns."
[Tzareva, Elena (1984). ]
Rugs & carpets from Central Asia: the Russian collections
', p.12-3. Penguin. . Designs and motifs are also affected by and affect pile depth: "A carpet design with a high knot density is better adapted to intricate and curvilinear designs, which of necessity must have a shorter pile length to avoid looking blurry. A carpet with a lesser knot density is better adapted to bold, geometric designs and can utilize a long pile for softer, more reflective surface that appeals to the sense of touch."
[Denny, Walter B. (2014). ''How to Read Islamic Carpets'', p.43 & 61. Metropolitan Museum of Art. .]
Types
*Loop
*Uncut
*Cut
*Knotted
*Tufted
*Woven
*Cord
*Twist
See also
*
Carpet pile
*
Pile weave
*
Polar fleece
*
Textile pilling
References
{{Rugs and carpets
Textiles