Octahedrites are the most common structural class of

iron meteorite Iron meteorites, also known as siderites, or ferrous meteorites, are a type of meteorite that consist overwhelmingly of an iron–nickel alloy known as meteoric iron that usually consists of two mineral phases: kamacite and taenite. Most iron me ...

s. The structures occur because the

meteoric iron Meteoric iron, sometimes meteoritic iron, is a native metal and early-universe protoplanetary-disk remnant found in meteorites and made from the elements iron and nickel, mainly in the form of the mineral phases kamacite and taenite. Meteoric ...

has a certain

nickel Nickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel is a hard and ductile transition metal. Pure nickel is chemically reactive but large pieces are slow to ...

concentration that leads to the exsolution of

kamacite Kamacite is an alloy of iron and nickel, which is found on Earth only in meteorites. According to the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) it is considered a proper nickel-rich variety of the mineral native iron. The proportion iron:nic ...

out of

taenite Taenite is a mineral found naturally on Earth mostly in iron meteorites. It is an alloy of iron and nickel, with a chemical formula of and nickel proportions of 20% up to 65%. The name is derived from the Greek ταινία for "band, ribb ...

while cooling.

Structure

Octahedrites derive their name from the crystal structure paralleling an

octahedron In geometry, an octahedron (plural: octahedra, octahedrons) is a polyhedron with eight faces. The term is most commonly used to refer to the regular octahedron, a Platonic solid composed of eight equilateral triangles, four of which meet at ...

. Opposite faces are parallel so, although an octahedron has 8 faces, there are only 4 sets of

plates. Due to a long cooling time in the interior of the parent

asteroid An asteroid is a minor planet of the inner Solar System. Sizes and shapes of asteroids vary significantly, ranging from 1-meter rocks to a dwarf planet almost 1000 km in diameter; they are rocky, metallic or icy bodies with no atmosphere ...

s, these alloys have crystallized into intermixed millimeter-sized bands (from about 0.2 mm to 5 cm). When polished and acid etched the classic Widmanstätten patterns of intersecting lines of lamellar kamacite, are visible. In gaps between the kamacite and taenite lamellae, a fine-grained mixture called

plessite Plessite is a meteorite texture consisting of a fine-grained mixture of the minerals kamacite and taenite found in the octahedrite iron meteorites. It occurs in gaps (its name is derived from the Greek "plythos" meaning "filling"according tMindat ...

is often found. An iron nickel phosphide,

schreibersite Schreibersite is generally a rare iron nickel phosphide mineral, , though common in iron-nickel meteorites. It has been found on Disko Island in Greenland and Illinois. Another name used for the mineral is rhabdite. It forms tetragonal crystals ...

, is present in most nickel-iron meteorites, as well as an iron-nickel-

cobalt Cobalt is a chemical element with the symbol Co and atomic number 27. As with nickel, cobalt is found in the Earth's crust only in a chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron. The free element, ...

carbide In chemistry, a carbide usually describes a compound composed of carbon and a metal. In metallurgy, carbiding or carburizing is the process for producing carbide coatings on a metal piece. Interstitial / Metallic carbides The carbides of the ...

, cohenite.

Graphite Graphite () is a crystalline form of the element carbon. It consists of stacked layers of graphene. Graphite occurs naturally and is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions. Synthetic and natural graphite are consumed on lar ...

and troilite occur in rounded nodules up to several cm in size.

Subgroups

Octahedrites can be grouped by the dimensions of kamacite lamellae in the Widmanstätten pattern, which are related to the

content: * Coarsest octahedrites, lamellae width >3.3 mm, 5-9% Ni, symbol Ogg * Coarse octahedrites, lamellae 1.3-3.3 mm, 6.5-8.5% Ni, symbol Og * Medium octahedrites, lamellae 0.5-1.3 mm, 7-13% Ni, symbol Om * Fine octahedrites, lamellae 0.2-0.5 mm, 7.5-13% Ni, symbol Of * Finest octahedrites, lamellae <0.2 mm, 17-18% Ni, symbol Off * Plessitic octahedrites, kamacite spindles, a transitional structure between octahedrites and ataxites,Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Volume 45, Ed. 9-12 9-18% Ni, symbol Opl

Mineral

Octahedrite is an obsolete synonym for anatase, one of the three known

titanium Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. Found in nature only as an oxide, it can be reduced to produce a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength, resistant to corrosion in ...

dioxide

mineral In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid chemical compound with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.John P. Rafferty, ed. ...

References

External links

Webmineral
{{Meteorites

Structure

Subgroups

Mineral

See also

References

External links