Normalization or normalisation refers to a process that makes something more normal or regular. Most commonly it refers to:
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Normalization (sociology)
Normalization refers to social processes through which ideas and actions come to be seen as ' normal' and become taken-for-granted or 'natural' in everyday life. There are different behavioral attitudes that humans accept as normal, such as grie ...
or social normalization, the process through which ideas and behaviors that may fall outside of
social norms come to be regarded as "normal"
Normalization or normalisation may also refer to:
Science
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Normalization process theory
Normalization process theory (NPT) is a sociological theory, generally used in the fields of science and technology studies (STS), Implementation Science, and healthcare system research. The theory deals with the adoption of technological and or ...
, a sociological theory of the implementation of new technologies or innovations
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Normalization model, used in visual neuroscience
* Normalization in quantum mechanics: see
Mathematics and statistics
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Normalization of an algebraic variety, the operation consisting in taking locally the integral closure of the ring of regular functions
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Normalization (statistics)
In statistics and applications of statistics, normalization can have a range of meanings. In the simplest cases, normalization of ratings means adjusting values measured on different scales to a notionally common scale, often prior to averaging ...
, adjustments of values or distributions in statistics
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Quantile normalization, statistical technique for making two distributions identical in statistical properties
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Normalizing (abstract rewriting), an abstract rewriting system in which every object has at least one normal form
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Normalization property (abstract rewriting)
In abstract rewriting, an object is in normal form if it cannot be rewritten any further, i.e. it is irreducible. Depending on the rewriting system, an object may rewrite to several normal forms or none at all. Many properties of rewriting systems ...
, a property of a rewrite system in mathematical logic and theoretical computer science
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Normalizing constant
The concept of a normalizing constant arises in probability theory and a variety of other areas of mathematics. The normalizing constant is used to reduce any probability function to a probability density function with total probability of one.
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, in probability theory a constant to make a non-negative function a probability density function
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Noether normalization lemma
In mathematics, the Noether normalization lemma is a result of commutative algebra, introduced by Emmy Noether in 1926. It states that for any field ''k'', and any finitely generated commutative ''k''-algebra ''A'', there exists a non-negati ...
, result of commutative algebra
* The process of obtaining a
normalized vector
In mathematics, a unit vector in a normed vector space is a vector (often a spatial vector) of length 1. A unit vector is often denoted by a lowercase letter with a circumflex, or "hat", as in \hat (pronounced "v-hat").
The term ''direction vecto ...
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Normalized number In applied mathematics, a number is normalized when it is written in scientific notation with one non-zero decimal digit before the decimal point.. Thus, a real number, when written out in normalized scientific notation, is as follows:
:\pm d_0 . d_ ...
, adjusting a floating point number's exponent so that the decimal point is in a fixed position
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Technology and computer science
* A metallurgic process used in
annealing
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Normalization (image processing), changing the range of pixel intensity values
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Audio normalization
Audio normalization is the application of a constant amount of gain to an audio recording to bring the amplitude to a target level (the norm). Because the same amount of gain is applied across the entire recording, the signal-to-noise ratio and ...
, process of uniformly increasing or decreasing the amplitude of an audio signal
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Data normalization, general reduction of data to canonical form
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Database normalization
Database normalization or database normalisation (see spelling differences) is the process of structuring a relational database in accordance with a series of so-called normal forms in order to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity ...
, used in database theory
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NFD normalization, normalization form decomposition for Unicode string searches and comparisons in text processing
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Spatial normalization
In neuroimaging, spatial normalization is an image processing step, more specifically an image registration method. Human brains differ in size and shape, and one goal of spatial normalization is to deform human brain scans so one location in ...
, a step in image processing for neuroimaging
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Text normalization
Text normalization is the process of transforming text into a single canonical form that it might not have had before. Normalizing text before storing or processing it allows for separation of concerns, since input is guaranteed to be consis ...
, modifying text to make it consistent
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URL normalization
URI normalization is the process by which URIs are modified and standardized in a consistent manner. The goal of the normalization process is to transform a URI into a normalized URI so it is possible to determine if two syntactically differen ...
, process to modify URLs in a consistent manner
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Normalized frequency (digital signal processing)
In digital signal processing (DSP), a normalized frequency () is a quantity that is equal to the ratio of a frequency and a characteristic frequency of a system.
An example of a normalized frequency is the sampling frequency in a system in whic ...
, unit of frequency cycles/sample in digital signal processing
Other
* The process of establishing normal
diplomatic relations
Diplomacy comprises spoken or written communication by representatives of states (such as leaders and diplomats) intended to influence events in the international system.Ronald Peter Barston, ''Modern diplomacy'', Pearson Education, 2006, p. 1 ...
between two countries
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Normalization (people with disabilities)
"The normalization principle means making available to all people with disabilities patterns of life and conditions of everyday living which are as close as possible to the regular circumstances and ways of life or society." Normalization is a ...
, principle to make conditions of everyday living available to people with disabilities
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Normalization (Czechoslovakia)
In the history of Czechoslovakia, normalization ( cs, normalizace, sk, normalizácia) is a name commonly given to the period following the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968 and up to the ''glasnost'' era of liberalization t ...
, the restoration of the conditions prevalent before the reform in Czechoslovakia, 1969
See also
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Normalized frequency (disambiguation)
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Normal form (disambiguation)
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Normal (disambiguation)
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{{Disambiguation