In a number of countries, plants have been chosen as symbols to represent specific geographic areas. Some countries have a country-wide floral emblem; others in addition have symbols representing subdivisions. Different processes have been used to adopt these symbols – some are conferred by government bodies, whereas others are the result of informal public polls. The term floral emblem, which refers to flowers specifically, is primarily used in Australia and Canada. In the United States, the term state flower is more often used.

National plants

Africa

Mauritius

The national flower of Mauritius is '' Trochetia boutoniana''.

Seychelles

The national flower of the Seychelles is the tropicbird orchid (known locally as ''orkid payanke''), ''

Angraecum eburneum ''Angraecum eburneum'' is a species of orchid. Their common name the "comet orchid". They generally grow up to in height and grows 10 to 15 flowers per plant. They are native to Madagascar, Comoros, Seychelles, Réunion, Mauritius, Kenya, and Ta ...

''.

South Africa

The national flower of South Africa is the King Protea, ''Protea cynaroides''.

Tunisia

The national flower of Tunisia is

jasmine Jasmine ( taxonomic name: ''Jasminum''; , ) is a genus of shrubs and vines in the olive family (Oleaceae). It contains around 200 species native to tropical and warm temperate regions of Eurasia, Africa, and Oceania. Jasmines are widely cultiva ...

. It was chosen as a symbol for the

2010 Tunisian Revolution 1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment of length 1. I ...

Asia

Bangladesh

The national flower of Bangladesh is the

water lily Water lily or water lilies may refer to: Plants * Members of family Nymphaeaceae * Formerly, members of the genus ''Nelumbo'' (the genus to which lotus belongs) * Some members of the genus ''Nymphoides'' Other uses * ''Water Lilies'' (Monet ...

Nymphaea nouchali ''Nymphaea nouchali'', often known by its synonym ''Nymphaea stellata'', or by common names blue lotus, star lotus, red water lily, dwarf aquarium lily, blue water lily, blue star water lily or manel flower, is a water lily of genus ''Nymphaea' ...

''. It is called ''Shapla'' (শাপলা) in the Bengali language.

Bhutan

The national flower of Bhutan is the blue poppy. Previously misidentified as the non-native ''

Meconopsis grandis ''Meconopsis grandis'', the Himalayan blue poppy, is a species of flowering plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae, native to China (Yunnan), Bhutan, North East India and Nepal. Growing to tall and broad, this hardy herbaceous perennial has a b ...

'', national flower of Bhutan was identified in 2017 as ''

Meconopsis gakyidiana ''Meconopsis gakyidiana'' (ཚེར་སྔོན་མེ་ཏོག in Dzongkha) is a species of blue poppy native to Eastern Bhutan, Western Arunachal Pradesh of India and Southern Xizang of China. It is the national flower of Bhutan. Desc ...

'', a new distinct species.

Brunei

The national flower of Brunei is Simpoh Ayer (''Dillenia suffruticosa'').

Cambodia

Cambodia formally adopted the ''romduol'' ( km, រំដួល) as its national flower in the year 2005 by a royal decree. The royal decree designates the taxon as ''Mitrella mesnyi'', however, this is a taxonomically illegitimate synonym for '' Sphaerocoryne affinis''.

Hong Kong

The symbolic flower of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong orchid tree ("洋紫荊"), '' Bauhinia blakeana''.

India

The national flower of India is the lotus flower ''(Nelumbo nucifera)''. It is a sacred flower and occupies a unique position in the art and mythology of ancient India and has been an auspicious symbol of Indian culture since time immemorial.

Indonesia

There are three types of floral emblems used to symbolize Indonesia: * The ''puspa bangsa'' ("national flower") of Indonesia is '' melati'' (''Jasminum sambac''). * The ''puspa pesona'' ("flower of charm") is ''anggrek bulan'' or moon orchid ('' Phalaenopsis amabilis''). * The ''puspa langka'' ("rare flower") is ''padma raksasa rafflesia'' ('' Rafflesia arnoldii''). All three were chosen on World Environment Day in 1990, and enforced by law through Presidential Decree (''Keputusan Presiden'') No. 4 1993, On the other occasion, ''Bunga Bangkai'' ('' Titan arum'') was also added as ''puspa langka'' together with ''Rafflesia''. ''Melati'' (''Jasminum sambac''), a small white flower with sweet fragrance, has long been considered a sacred flower in Indonesian tradition, as it symbolizes purity, sacredness, graceful simplicity and sincerity. For example, on her wedding day, a traditional Indonesian bride's hair is often adorned with arrangements of jasmine, while the groom's

kris The kris, or ''keris'' in the Indonesian language, is an asymmetrical dagger with distinctive blade-patterning achieved through alternating laminations of iron and nickelous iron (''pamor''). Of Javanese origin, the kris is famous for its disti ...

is often adorned with a lock of jasmine. However, jasmine is also often used as a floral offering for spirits and deities, and also often present during funerals, which has caused it to be seen as having mystical and sacred properties. Moon orchid was chosen for its beauty, while the other two rare flowers, ''Rafflesia arnoldii'' and ''Titan arum'', were chosen to demonstrate uniqueness and Indonesia's rich biodiversity. Each of the 34

provinces of Indonesia A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''Roman province, provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire ...

also has a native plant as its

provincial flower This is a list of the symbols of the provinces and territories of Canada. Each province and territory has a unique set of official symbols. Provinces and territories See also * * Arms of Canada * List of Canadian flags ** Flags of provinces and ...

Iran

Peach Glow water-lily at Brooklyn Botanic Garden

The national flower of Iran is the water lily which is also called

nymphaea ''Nymphaea'' () is a genus of hardy and tender aquatic plants in the family Nymphaeaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution. Many species are cultivated as ornamental plants, and many cultivars have been bred. Some taxa occur as introduc ...

(''Niloofare Abi'', in Persian). The flower is the national flower of Iran since the

Achaemenid Empire The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire (; peo, 𐎧𐏁𐏂, , ), also called the First Persian Empire, was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC. Based in Western Asia, it was contemporarily the largest em ...

era (552 BC). Darius In Parse

Israel

The national flower of Israel is the poppy anemone (''

Anemone coronaria ''Anemone coronaria'', the poppy anemone, Spanish marigold, or windflower, is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, native to the Mediterranean region. Description ''Anemone coronaria'' is a herbaceous perenni ...

''; ''calanit metzuya'' in Hebrew), chosen in 2013 to replace ''

Cyclamen persicum ''Cyclamen persicum'', the Persian cyclamen, is a species of flowering herbaceous perennial plant growing from a tuber, native to rocky hillsides, shrubland, and woodland up to above sea level, from south-central Turkey to Lebanon-Syria and the ...

''.הכלנית: הזוכה בתחרות "הפרח של ישראל"
ynet, November 25th, 2013.

Jordan

The national flower of Jordan is

Black iris ''Iris chrysographes'', the black iris, is a plant species that belongs to the genus ''Iris''. It is native to Southern China and Myanmar (Burma), growing in meadows, streamsides, hillsides and forest margins. Other irises with black flowers ...

''(Iris nigricans)''.

Laos

The national flower of

Laos Laos (, ''Lāo'' )), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic ( Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ, French: République démocratique populaire lao), is a socialist ...

is the plumeria (''champa''), despite it no longer being endemic.

Malaysia

The national flower of Malaysia is the ''bunga raya'' (Chinese hibiscus, '' Hibiscus rosa-sinensis'').

Maldives

The national flower of the Maldives is the pink polyantha rose (''

Rosa polyantha ''Rosa multiflora'' — ( syn. ''Rosa polyantha'') is a species of rose known commonly as multiflora rose, baby rose, Japanese rose, many-flowered rose, seven-sisters rose, Eijitsu rose and rambler rose. It is native to eastern Asia, in China, J ...

''), called ''fiyaathoshi finifenmaa''.

Mongolia

The national flower of Mongolia is ''

Scabiosa comosa ''Scabiosa'' is a genus in the honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceae) of flowering plants. Many of the species in this genus have common names that include the word scabious, but some plants commonly known as scabious are currently classified in r ...

'' ( mn, бэр цэцэг, ''ber tsetseg'').

Myanmar

The national flower of

Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...

is '' Pterocarpus indicus'' (''paduak'').

Nepal

rhododendron-by-eiffel-public-domain-20040617

The national flower of Nepal is the

rhododendron ''Rhododendron'' (; from Ancient Greek ''rhódon'' "rose" and ''déndron'' "tree") is a very large genus of about 1,024 species of woody plants in the heath family (Ericaceae). They can be either evergreen or deciduous. Most species are nati ...

North Korea

The national flower of North Korea is the Korean mountain magnolia ('' Magnolia sieboldii'', Korean: 목란/ ''mongnan''). Pakistan The national flower of Pakistan is

common jasmine Common may refer to: Places * Common, a townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland * Boston Common, a central public park in Boston, Massachusetts * Cambridge Common, common land area in Cambridge, Massachusetts * Clapham Common, originally com ...

also known as ''Jasminum officinale.''

Philippines

The Philippines adopted the ''

sampaguita ''Jasminum sambac'' (Arabian jasmine or Sambac jasmine) is a species of jasmine native to tropical Asia, from the Indian subcontinent to Southeast Asia. It is cultivated in many places, especially West Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is ...

'' (Arabian jasmine, ''Jasminum sambac'') in 1934 as its national flower because it symbolises purity and cleanliness due to its colour and sweet smell. It is popularly strung into garlands that are presented to visitors and dignitaries, and is a common offering to religious images. Sampaguita in Filipino language is a direct loan word from the Indian sanskrit word "campaka". William Henry Scott, 1984
Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History
accessed 1 July 2021.Jean-Paul G. POTET, 2013, Arabian and Persian loanwords in Tagalog, p. 250. Plants of some species of flowers like sampaguita, fruits like

mango A mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree ''Mangifera indica''. It is believed to have originated in the region between northwestern Myanmar, Bangladesh, and northeastern India. ''M. indica'' has been cultivated in South a ...

and nangka, vegetables like

ampalaya ''Momordica charantia'' (commonly called bitter melon; Goya; bitter apple; bitter gourd; bitter squash; balsam-pear; with many more names listed below) is a tropical and subtropical vine of the family Cucurbitaceae, widely grown in Asia, Afr ...

, patola, malunggay, name of Philippine's pre-Christian chief god Bathala (from sanskrit '' Bhattara Guru''), came from India during pre-Spanish Indianised trade and influences.M.c. Halili, 2004
Philippine History
Rex Bookstore, p. 49. Among strong traces of continuity of Hindu influence in Philippines are placing of sampaguita garland around the neck of visitors to show hospitality and friendship, throwing the rice over bride and groom for prosperity, performing paninilbihan, paying dowry, visiting a shrine to pray for fertility, etc.Cecilio D. Duka, 2008
Struggle for Freedom
Rex Bookstore, p. 35.

Singapore

The national flower of Singapore is a hybrid orchid cultivar known as the Singapore orchid or

Vanda Miss Joaquim ''Papilionanthe'' Miss Joaquim, also known as the Singapore orchid, the Princess Aloha orchid and formerly as ''Vanda'' Miss Joaquim, is a hybrid orchid (a grex) that is the national flower of Singapore. For its resilience and year-round bloom ...

(''Papilionanthe teres'' × ''Papilionanthe hookeriana'').

South Korea

The national flower of South Korea is '' Hibiscus syriacus''. Known in South Korea as ''mugunghwa'' ( Korean: 무궁화), the flower's symbolism relates to the Korean word ''mugung'', which means "eternity" or "inexhaustible abundance". Despite being made the national flower officially after Korea regained its independence from Japan, ''mugunghwa'' has been associated with Korean culture for many centuries, with the

Silla kingdom Silla or Shilla (57 BCE – 935 CE) ( , Old Korean: Syera, Old Japanese: Siraki2) was a Korean kingdom located on the southern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula. Silla, along with Baekje and Goguryeo, formed the Three Kingdoms of Ko ...

having called itself the "Country of the Mugunghwa" (Korean: 근화향, Romanized: ''Geunhwahyang'').

Sri Lanka

The national flower of

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...

is ''Nil mānel'' (නිල් මානෙල්), the blue-star water-lily (''

Nymphaea stellata ''Nymphaea nouchali'', often known by its synonym ''Nymphaea stellata'', or by common names blue lotus, star lotus, red water lily, dwarf aquarium lily, blue water lily, blue star water lily or manel flower, is a water lily of genus ''Nymphaea' ...

''). Although ''nil'' means "blue" in Sinhala, the Sinhalese name of this plant is often rendered as "water-lily" in English. This beautiful aquatic flower appears in the Sigiriya frescoes and has been mentioned in ancient Sanskrit, Pali and Sinhala literary works. Buddhist lore in Sri Lanka claims that this flower was one of the 108 auspicious signs found on Prince Siddhartha's footprint.

Taiwan

The national flower of the

Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...

was officially designated as the plum blossom by the

Executive Yuan The Executive Yuan () is the executive branch of the government of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Its leader is the Premier, who is appointed by the President of the Republic of China, and requires confirmation by the Legislative Yuan. ...

on 21 July 1964.Government Information Office, Republic of China - National Flower
The plum blossom, known as the ''meihua'' (), is a symbol of resilience and perseverance in the face of adversity, because plum trees often bloom most vibrantly even during the harshest winters. The triple grouping of stamens represents Dr.

Sun Yat-sen Sun Yat-sen (; also known by several other names; 12 November 1866 – 12 March 1925)Singtao daily. Saturday edition. 23 October 2010. section A18. Sun Yat-sen Xinhai revolution 100th anniversary edition . was a Chinese politician who serve ...

Three Principles of the People The Three Principles of the People (; also translated as the Three People's Principles, San-min Doctrine, or Tridemism) is a political philosophy developed by Sun Yat-sen as part of a philosophy to improve China made during the Republican Era. ...

, while the five petals symbolize the five branches of the government.National Flag, Anthem and Flower
/ref>

Thailand

The national flower of Thailand is the

Golden Shower Tree ''Cassia fistula'', commonly known as golden shower, purging cassia, Indian laburnum, or pudding-pipe tree,U. S. Department of Agriculture, William Saunders; Catalogue of Economic Plants in the Collection of the U. S. Department of Agriculture; ...

(''Cassia fistula''), locally known as ''dok khuen'' or ''rachapruek''.

Europe

Andorra

*Andorra– Narcissus poeticus

Austria

The national flower of Austria is edelweiss (''Leontopodium nivale'').

Belgium

* Brussels – '' Iris pseudacorus'' * Flanders – poppy * Wallonia – ''

Gaillardia ''Gaillardia'' (common name blanket flower) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to North and South America. It was named after Maître Gaillard de Charentonneau, an 18th-century French magistrate who was an enthusias ...

Bulgaria

*Bulgaria – rose

Croatia

*Croatia – '' Iris croatica'' (unofficial)

Cyprus

*Cyprus – ''

Cyclamen cyprium ''Cyclamen cyprium'' (Cyprus cyclamen) is a perennial growing from a tuber, native to woodland at elevation in the mountains of Cyprus. It is the national flower. '' Cyclamen persicum'' and ''Cyclamen graecum'' are also found on Cyprus, but are ...

Czech Republic

*Czech Republic – ''

Tilia ''Tilia'' is a genus of about 30 species of trees or bushes, native throughout most of the temperateness, temperate Northern Hemisphere. The tree is known as linden for the European species, and basswood for North American species. In Britain a ...

Denmark

*Denmark – red clover (''Trifolium pratense'') and

marguerite daisy ''Argyranthemum frutescens'', known as Paris daisy, marguerite or marguerite daisy, is a perennial plant known for its flowers. It is native to the Canary Islands (part of Spain). Hybrids derived from this species (garden marguerites) are widel ...

(''Argyranthemum frutescens''). The latter is often modified to oxeye daisy (''Leucanthemum vulgare''), a rather similar species that is native to the country (the marguerite daisy is not)

Estonia

*Estonia – cornflower

Finland

*Finland – lily of the valley

France

*Brittany – '' Ulex'' and heather (''Calluna'')

Guernsey

*Guernsey – '' Nerine sarniensis''

Iceland

*Iceland – White dryad ('' Dryas octopetala'')

Lithuania

*Lithuania – rueJames Minahan. ''The complete guide to national symbols and emblems, Vol. 1''. Greenwood Press. 2009.

Northern Ireland

* Northern Ireland – flax flower, clover leaf

Poland

*Poland – red poppy * Kashubia –

Kashubian vetch ''Vicia cassubica'', called Kashubian vetch and Danzig vetch, is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Vicia'', native to most of Europe, Turkey, the Levant, the Caucasus and Iran. Found in thermophilous oak forests, it also does well in ...

Portugal

Portugal does not officially have a national flower, though the lavender is commonly cited. The carnation (''Dianthus caryophyllus'') is also a symbol of the nation's triumph against the authoritarian far-right Estado Novo dictatorship, known as the

Carnation Revolution The Carnation Revolution ( pt, Revolução dos Cravos), also known as the 25 April ( pt, 25 de Abril, links=no), was a military coup by left-leaning military officers that overthrew the authoritarian Estado Novo regime on 25 April 1974 in Lisbo ...

Romania

The national flower of Romania is

peony The peony or paeony is a flowering plant in the genus ''Paeonia'' , the only genus in the family Paeoniaceae . Peonies are native to Asia, Europe and Western North America. Scientists differ on the number of species that can be distinguished, ...

Russia

The national flower of Russia is chamomile.

Serbia

The national flowers of Serbia are Natalie's ramonda (''Ramonda nathaliae'') and

Serbian ramonda ''Ramonda serbica'', also known as Serbian ramonda and Serbian phoenix flower, is a species in the family Gesneriaceae. It is one of the few European representatives of this family, found in Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia and Serbia. ...

(''Ramonda serbica''). The flowers are considered symbolс of the Serbian Army's struggle during World War I, as well as the resurrection of the Serbian state after the devastating war. To commemorate their victims, people in Serbia wear Natalie's ramonda as a symbol of remembrance, especially during Armistice Day, which is a statutory holiday in Serbia since 2012. Natalie's ramonda was named after Queen Natalija Obrenović, while Serbian ramonda is also known as the Serbian phoenix flower, due to its ability to be revived when watered, even when fully dehydrated.

Slovakia

* Slovakia – ''

Spain

The national flower of Spain is the red carnation.

Sweden

The national flower of Sweden is Campanula rotundifolia, known as ''small bluebell''. It won a public vote in 2021.

Switzerland

The national flower of

Switzerland ). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...

is edelweiss (''Leontopodium nivale'').

United Kingdom

Each of the United Kingdom's four constituent countries has one or more national flower: * England – Tudor rose * Wales – daffodil,

leek The leek is a vegetable, a cultivar of ''Allium ampeloprasum'', the broadleaf wild leek ( syn. ''Allium porrum''). The edible part of the plant is a bundle of leaf sheaths that is sometimes erroneously called a stem or stalk. The genus ''Alli ...

* Northern Ireland – flax flower, clover leaf * Scotland – thistle, Scots pine

Ukraine

The national flower of Ukraine is ''

Viburnum ''Viburnum'' is a genus of about 150–175 species of flowering plants in the moschatel family Adoxaceae. Its current classification is based on molecular phylogeny. It was previously included in the honeysuckle family Caprifoliaceae. The membe ...

'',

cherry A cherry is the fruit of many plants of the genus ''Prunus'', and is a fleshy drupe (stone fruit). Commercial cherries are obtained from cultivars of several species, such as the sweet ''Prunus avium'' and the sour ''Prunus cerasus''. The nam ...

, or

sunflower The common sunflower (''Helianthus annuus'') is a large annual forb of the genus ''Helianthus'' grown as a crop for its edible oily seeds. Apart from cooking oil production, it is also used as livestock forage (as a meal or a silage plant), as ...

North America

Canada

The maple leaf is widely used as a symbol for Canada. The maple tree was officially recognized as Canada's arboreal emblem in 1996. Canada's provinces and territories also have official provincial or territorial floral emblems: * Ontario: white trillium (''Trillium grandiflorum''), adopted in 1937. * Quebec: blue flag (''Iris versicolor''), adopted in November 1999. * Nova Scotia: mayflower (''Epigea repens''), adopted in 1901. * New Brunswick:

purple violet ''Viola cucullata'', the hooded blue violet, marsh blue violet or purple violet, is a species of the genus ''Viola'' native to eastern North America, from Newfoundland west to Ontario and Minnesota, and south to Georgia. It is a recipient of the ...

(''Viola cucullata''), adopted in 1936. * Manitoba:

prairie crocus ''Pulsatilla nuttalliana'', known as American pasqueflower, prairie pasqueflower, prairie crocus, cutleaf anemone, or simply pasqueflower, is a flowering plant native to much of North America, from the western side of Lake Michigan, to northern ...

(''Pulsatilla ludoviciana''), adopted in 1906. * British Columbia: Pacific dogwood (''Cornus nuttallii''), adopted in 1956. * Prince Edward Island: lady's slipper (''Cypripedium acaule''), a species of orchid, adopted in 1947. * Saskatchewan:

western red lily ''Lilium philadelphicum'', also known as the wood lily, Philadelphia lily, prairie lily, or western red lily, is a perennial species of lily native to North America. Distribution The plant is widely distributed in much of Canada from British C ...

(''Lilium philadelphicum'' var. ''andinum''), adopted in 1941. * Alberta: wild rose (''Rosa acicularis''), also known as the

prickly rose ''Rosa acicularis'' is a flowering plant in the Rosaceae family. It is commonly known as the prickly wild rose, prickly rose, bristly rose, wild rose or Arctic rose. It is a species of wild rose with a Holarctic distribution in northern regions o ...

, adopted in 1930. * Newfoundland and Labrador:

northern pitcher plant ''Sarracenia purpurea'', the purple pitcher plant, northern pitcher plant, turtle socks, or side-saddle flower, is a carnivorous plant in the family Sarraceniaceae. Description Like other species of ''Sarracenia'', ''S. purpurea'' obtains most ...

('' Sarracenia purpurea''), adopted in 1954. It was first chosen as a symbol of Newfoundland by Queen Victoria, and was used on the island's coinage until 1938. *

Northwest Territories The Northwest Territories (abbreviated ''NT'' or ''NWT''; french: Territoires du Nord-Ouest, formerly ''North-Western Territory'' and ''North-West Territories'' and namely shortened as ''Northwest Territory'') is a federal territory of Canada. ...

mountain avens ''Dryas octopetala'', the mountain avens, eightpetal mountain-avens, white dryas or white dryad, is an Arctic–alpine flowering plant in the family Rosaceae. It is a small prostrate evergreen subshrub forming large colonies. The specific epit ...

(''Dryas octopetala''), adopted in 1957. * Yukon: fireweed (''Epilobium angustifolium''), adopted in 1957. *

Nunavut Nunavut ( , ; iu, ᓄᓇᕗᑦ , ; ) is the largest and northernmost Provinces and territories of Canada#Territories, territory of Canada. It was separated officially from the Northwest Territories on April 1, 1999, via the ''Nunavut Act'' ...

purple saxifrage ''Saxifraga oppositifolia'', the purple saxifrage or purple mountain saxifrage, is a species of plant that is very common in the high Arctic and also some high mountainous areas further south, including northern Britain, the Alps and the Rocky ...

(''Saxifraga oppositifolia''), unanimously adopted by the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut on May 1, 2000. Many Canadian flags and coats-of-arms have floral emblems on them. The

flag of Montreal First displayed in May 1935, Montreal based its flag on the city's coat of arms. It was revised in May 1939 and again in September 2017. The flag's proportions are 1:2 in a symmetric cross. Symbolism The flag consists of a red symmetric cros ...

has four floral emblems. On the right side of the flag of Saskatchewan overlapping both green and gold halves is the western red lily, the provincial floral emblem. The

coat of arms of Port Coquitlam The coat of arms of Port Coquitlam, British Columbia, Canada. Symbols The shield blends the themes of native and natural heritage and the railway. The central band or heraldic fess features a special edge implying a conifer twig, originally de ...

has the city's floral emblem, the

azalea Azaleas are flowering shrubs in the genus ''Rhododendron'', particularly the former sections ''Tsutsusi'' (evergreen) and '' Pentanthera'' (deciduous). Azaleas bloom in the spring (April and May in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, and Octob ...

, displayed on a collar. The coat of arms of Prince Edward Island displays lady's slippers, the floral emblem of the island. When coat of arms of Nova Scotia were reassumed in 1929, the

trailing arbutus ''Epigaea repens'', the mayflower, trailing arbutus, or ground laurel, is a low, spreading shrub in the family Ericaceae. It is found from Newfoundland to Florida, west to Kentucky and the Northwest Territories. Description The plant is a slo ...

or mayflower, the floral emblem of Nova Scotia, was added.

Mexico

The national flower of Mexico is the dahlia ('' Dahlia pinnata'').

United States

In 1986, President

Ronald Reagan Ronald Wilson Reagan ( ; February 6, 1911June 5, 2004) was an American politician, actor, and union leader who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989. He also served as the 33rd governor of California from 1967 ...

signed legislation to make the rose the national floral emblem of the United States. In each of the U.S. states, state flowers and trees have also been adopted as symbols by state legislatures.

Central America and the Caribbean

Antigua and Barbuda

The national flower of

Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda (, ) is a sovereign country in the West Indies. It lies at the juncture of the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean in the Leeward Islands part of the Lesser Antilles, at 17°N latitude. The country consists of two maj ...

is ''Agave karatto'', also known as "dagger log" or "batta log".

The Bahamas

The national flower of the Bahamas is the Yellow Elder (''

Tecoma stans ''Tecoma stans'' is a species of flowering perennial shrub in the trumpet vine family, Bignoniaceae, that is native to the Americas. Common names include yellow trumpetbush, yellow bells, yellow elder, ginger-thomas. ''Tecoma stans'' is the off ...

'').

Barbados

The national flower of Barbados is known locally as the Pride of Barbados (''Caesalpinia pulcherrima'').

Belize

The national flower of Belize is the black orchid ('' Prosthechea cochleata'').

Costa Rica

The national flower of

Costa Rica Costa Rica (, ; ; literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( es, República de Costa Rica), is a country in the Central American region of North America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the no ...

is the ''guaria morada'' (''

Guarianthe skinneri ''Guarianthe skinneri'' is a species of orchid. It is native to Costa Rica; from Chiapas to every country in Central America. ''Guarianthe skinneri'' is the national flower of Costa Rica, where it is known as guaria morada. It was referenced as ...

'').

Cuba

The national flower of Cuba since October 13, 1936, is the '' white ginger lily.''

Dominica

The national flower of

Dominica Dominica ( or ; Kalinago: ; french: Dominique; Dominican Creole French: ), officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island country in the Caribbean. The capital, Roseau, is located on the western side of the island. It is geographically ...

is '' Sabinea carinalis'', commonly known as Carib wood or ''Bois Caraibe''.

Dominican Republic

The Dominican Republic's national flower was originally the flower of the ''caoba'' (mahogany tree, '' Swietenia mahagoni''). In 2011, the mahogany was dubbed the national tree, vacating the national flower spot for the Bayahibe rose (''

Pereskia quisqueyana ''Leuenbergeria quisqueyana'', commonly known as the Bayahibe rose, is a species of cactus that is endemic to the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, in the Dominican Republic. Taxonomy The species was discovered by the French botanist Henri A ...

'') in order to bring attention to its conservation.

Guatemala

The national flower of

Guatemala Guatemala ( ; ), officially the Republic of Guatemala ( es, República de Guatemala, links=no), is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico; to the northeast by Belize and the Caribbean; to the east by H ...

is the ''monja blanca'' ('' Lycaste skinneri'' var. ''alba'').

Haiti

The national flower of

Haiti Haiti (; ht, Ayiti ; French: ), officially the Republic of Haiti (); ) and formerly known as Hayti, is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and ...

is the ''Choeblack'' or ''rose kayenn'' ('' Hibiscus'').Embassy of the Republic of Haiti: National Symbols

Honduras

The national flower of

Honduras Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America. The republic of Honduras is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Oce ...

is the orchid ''

Rhyncholaelia digbyana ''Rhyncholaelia digbyana'' is a species of orchid occurring from Honduras to Belize, Guatemala, Mexico and Costa Rica. ''Rl. digbyana'' can be distinguished from the other species of ''Rhyncholaelia'' ('' Rl. glauca'') by the frilled labellum. ...

''.

Jamaica

The national flower of Jamaica is the lignum vitae ('' Guaiacum officinale'').

Oceania

Australia

Golden Wattle ('' Acacia pycnantha'') was officially proclaimed the floral emblem of

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

on 1 September 1988.

French Polynesia

The

Tahitian gardenia ''Gardenia taitensis'', also called Tahitian gardenia or tiaré flower, is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is an evergreen tropical shrub that grows to tall and has glossy dark green leaves that are long and are oppositely arran ...

(tiare flower) is the national flower of Tahiti,

French Polynesia )Territorial motto: ( en, "Great Tahiti of the Golden Haze") , anthem = , song_type = Regional anthem , song = " Ia Ora 'O Tahiti Nui" , image_map = French Polynesia on the globe (French Polynesia centered).svg , map_alt = Location of Frenc ...

, and the Cook Islands.

Fiji

The national flower of

Fiji Fiji ( , ,; fj, Viti, ; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी, ''Fijī''), officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean. It lies about north-northeast of New Zealand. Fiji consists ...

is ''tagimaucia'' (''

Medinilla waterhousei ''Medinilla waterhousei'', commonly known as tagimaucia or tagimoucia (tahng-ee-mow-theea), is a species of flowering plant in the family Melastomataceae which is endemic to the highland rainforest of the Fijian island of Taveuni. It is a lia ...

''), a vine with red and white flowers endemic to the highlands of the island of Taveuni.

New Zealand

New Zealand does not have an official national flower, but the silver fern (foliage) is acknowledged as its national emblem. The Kowhai (''Sophora'' spp., native trees with yellow cascading flowers) is usually regarded as the national flower. Other plant emblems are Koru (a curled fern symbol) and the crimson-flowered Pohutukawa ('' Metrosideros excelsa''), also called New Zealand's Christmas tree.

Tonga

The ''heilala'' (''

Garcinia sessilis ''Garcinia sessilis'', commonly known as heilala in Tongan, is an evergreen tree native to the Pacific regions of Solomon Islands, Fiji, Samoa and Tonga. The heilala flower is the national flower of Tonga. Description Garcinia sessilis, which c ...

'') is Tonga's national flower. The name of Tonga's beauty pageant, the Heilala Festival, is taken from this flower. Resorts as well as consumer products are also often named after this flower, such as the Heilala Lodge and Heilala Vanilla. The flower is also used in Tonga for medicinal and ornamental purposes.

South America

Argentina

The national flower of Argentina is the flower of the ceibo tree (''Erythrina crista-galli''), also known as ''seibo'' or ''bucaré''.

Bolivia

Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...

has two national flowers: the ''kantuta'' (''

Cantua buxifolia 240px, Cantutas in Taquile Island, Lake Titicaca, Peru">Lake_Titicaca.html" ;"title="Taquile Island, Lake Titicaca">Taquile Island, Lake Titicaca, Peru. ''Cantua buxifolia'', (, Hispanicized spellings ''cantuta, cantu''), known as ''qantu'', ' ...

'') and ''patujú'' (''

Heliconia rostrata ''Heliconia rostrata'', the hanging lobster claw or false bird of paradise, is a herbaceous perennial plant native to El Salvador, Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, Venezuela, Costa Rica, and Ecuador, and naturalized in Puerto Rico. Other heliconias g ...

'').

Brazil

The national flower of Brazil is the flower of the golden trumpet tree (''

Handroanthus albus ''Handroanthus albus'', the golden trumpet tree, is a tree with yellow flowers native to Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia and the Cerrado (tropical savannas) of Brazil, where it is known as . This plant is found in the Brazilian states of Distrito ...

'').

Chile

The national flower of Chile is the

copihue ''Lapageria'' is a genus of flowering plants with only one known species, ''Lapageria rosea'', commonly known as Chilean bellflower or copihue (''copeewueh'', from Mapudungun ''kopiwe''). ''Lapageria rosea'' is the national flower of Chile. It ...

(''Lapageria rosea'').

Colombia

Cattleya trianae ''Cattleya trianae'' (Lind. & Rchb. fil), also known as ''Flor de Mayo'' ("May flower") or "Christmas orchid", is a plant of the family Orchidaceae. It grows as an epiphytic orchid, with succulent leaves, endemic to Colombia where it was nomina ...

'' is the national flower of

Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...

and is the orchid which flowers in May. The May flower was chosen because the colors are the same as those of the

Colombian flag The national flag of Colombia symbolises Colombian independence from Spain, gained on 20 July 1810. It is a horizontal tricolor of yellow, blue and red. The yellow stripe takes up a half of the flag and the blue and red take up a quarter of th ...

Guyana

The national flower of

Guyana Guyana ( or ), officially the Cooperative Republic of Guyana, is a country on the northern mainland of South America. Guyana is an indigenous word which means "Land of Many Waters". The capital city is Georgetown. Guyana is bordered by the ...

is the Victoria regia lily (''Victoria amazonica'').

Peru

The national flower of Peru is the

cantuta 240px, Cantutas in Taquile Island, Lake Titicaca, Peru">Lake_Titicaca.html" ;"title="Taquile Island, Lake Titicaca">Taquile Island, Lake Titicaca, Peru. ''Cantua buxifolia'', (, Hispanicized spellings ''cantuta, cantu''), known as ''qantu'', ' ...

(also spelled ''kantuta'' or ''qantuta'', from Quechua ''qantu''). It can be found in the high valleys of the Andes in Peru and Bolivia.

Paraguay

The national flower of Paraguay is Mburucuyá.

Suriname

Called ''faya lobi'' ("fiery love") in

Sranantongo Sranan Tongo (also Sranantongo "Surinamese tongue," Sranan, Surinaams, Surinamese, Surinamese Creole) is an English-based creole language that is spoken as a ''lingua franca'' by approximately 550,000 people in Suriname. Developed originally amo ...

, the jungle geranium (''

Ixora coccinea ''Ixora coccinea'' (also known as jungle geranium, flame of the woods or jungle flame or pendkuli) is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is a common flowering shrub native to Southern India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. It h ...

'') is commonly considered a symbol of

Suriname Suriname (; srn, Sranankondre or ), officially the Republic of Suriname ( nl, Republiek Suriname , srn, Ripolik fu Sranan), is a country on the northeastern Atlantic coast of South America. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north ...

Uruguay

The national flower of Uruguay is the flower of the ceibo tree (''Erythrina crista-galli'').

Venezuela

The national flower of Venezuela is the ''Flor de Mayo'' (''

Cattleya mossiae ''Cattleya mossiae'' (literally 'Moss' Cattleya'), commonly known as the Easter orchid, is a species of labiate ''Cattleya'' orchid. The white-flowered form is sometimes known as ''Cattleya wagneri''. The diploid chromosome number of ''C. ...

''), an orchid.

Subnational plants

Australia

*Australian Capital Territory – Royal Bluebell ('' Wahlenbergia gloriosa'') *New South Wales – New South Wales Waratah ('' Telopea speciosissima'') *Northern Territory – Sturt's Desert Rose ('' Gossypium sturtianum'') *Queensland – Cooktown Orchid (''

Dendrobium phalaenopsis ''Dendrobium bigibbum'', commonly known as the Cooktown orchid or mauve butterfly orchid, is an epiphytic or lithophytic orchid in the family Orchidaceae. It has cylindrical pseudobulbs, each with between three and five green or purplish leaves a ...

'') *South Australia – Sturt's Desert Pea (''

Swainsona formosa ''Swainsona formosa'', Sturt's desert pea, is an Australian plant in the genus '' Swainsona'', named after English botanist Isaac Swainson, famous for its distinctive blood-red leaf-like flowers, each with a bulbous black centre, or "boss". It ...

'') *Tasmania – Tasmanian Blue Gum ('' Eucalyptus globulus'') *Victoria – Pink (Common) Heath (''

Epacris impressa ''Epacris impressa'', also known as common heath, is a plant of the heath family, Ericaceae, that is native to southeast Australia (the states of Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and New South Wales). French botanist Jacques Labillardière co ...

'') *Western Australia – Red and Green Kangaroo Paw (''

Anigozanthos manglesii ''Anigozanthos manglesii'', commonly known as the red-and-green kangaroo paw, Mangles' kangaroo paw, Kurulbrang (Noongar), is a plant species endemic to Western Australia, and the floral emblem of that state. The flower has become symbolic of ...

'')

Norway

* Lily-of-the-valley was chosen as the county flower of Østfold *

Globe flower ''Trollius'' is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants closely related to ''Ranunculus'', in the family Ranunculaceae. The common name of some species is globeflower or globe flower. The generic name is derived from the Swiss-German word ...

is the county flower of Troms

Pakistan

* Islamabad Capital Territory – Hybrid Tea Rose (''All Varieties'') * Balochistan – Wild Woodland Tulip (''

Tulipa sylvestris ''Tulipa sylvestris,'' the wild tulip or woodland tulip, is a Eurasian and North African species of wild tulip, a plant in the lily family. Its native range extends from Portugal and Morocco to western China, covering most of the Mediterranea ...

'') * Khyber Pakhtunkhwa – Lady's Tulip (''

Tulipa clusiana ''Tulipa clusiana'', the lady tulip, is an Asian species of tulip native to Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan and the western Himalayas. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental and is reportedly naturalized in France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Tun ...

'') * The Punjab – Sadabahar ('' Catharanthus roseus'') *

Sindh Sindh (; ; ur, , ; historically romanized as Sind) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. Located in the southeastern region of the country, Sindh is the third-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the second-largest province ...

– Sindhi Lotus (''

Nelumbo indica ''Nelumbo'' is a genus of aquatic plants with large, showy flowers. Members are commonly called lotus, though the name is also applied to various other plants and plant groups, including the unrelated genus '' Lotus''. Members outwardly resem ...

'') * Gilgit–Baltistan – Alpine Blue Star ('' Aquilegia coerulea'') *

Azad Jammu and Kashmir Azad Jammu and Kashmir (; ), abbreviated as AJK and colloquially referred to as simply Azad Kashmir, is a region administered by Pakistan as a nominally self-governing entitySee: * * * and constituting the western portion of the larger Ka ...

– Pink Snow Rose (''

Rhododendron ferrugineum ''Rhododendron ferrugineum'', the alpenrose, snow-rose, or rusty-leaved alpenrose is an evergreen shrub that grows just above the tree line in the Alps, Pyrenees, Jura and northern Apennines, on acid soils. It is the type species for the genus ' ...

'')

United Kingdom

Each of the four countries of the United Kingdom has a traditional floral emblem: * England – officially the Tudor rose or unofficially the red rose and English oak. * Northern Ireland – the

flax Flax, also known as common flax or linseed, is a flowering plant, ''Linum usitatissimum'', in the family Linaceae. It is cultivated as a food and fiber crop in regions of the world with temperate climates. Textiles made from flax are known in ...

orange lily ''Lilium bulbiferum'', common names orange lily, fire lily, Jimmy's Bane and tiger lily, is a herbaceous European lily with underground bulbs, belonging to the Liliaceae. The Latin name ''bulbiferum'' of this species, meaning "bearing bulbs", r ...

, or

shamrock A shamrock is a young sprig, used as a symbol of Ireland. Saint Patrick, Ireland's patron saint, is said to have used it as a metaphor for the Christian Holy Trinity. The name ''shamrock'' comes from Irish (), which is the diminutive of ...

. * Scotland – the Scotch thistle, Scottish bluebell ( harebell), or heather. * Wales – the daffodil,

, or

sessile oak ''Quercus petraea'', commonly known as the sessile oak, Cornish oak, Irish Oak or durmast oak, is a species of oak tree native to most of Europe and into Anatolia and Iran. The sessile oak is the national tree of Ireland, and an unofficial embl ...

County flowers

A county flower is a flowering plant chosen to symbolise a county. They exist primarily in the United Kingdom, but some counties in other countries also have them. One or two county flowers have a long history in England – the red rose of Lancashire dates from the Middle Ages, for instance. However, the county flower concept was only extended to cover the whole United Kingdom in 2002, as a

promotional tool In marketing, promotion refers to any type of marketing communication used to inform target audiences of the relative merits of a product, service, brand or issue, most of the time persuasive in nature. It helps marketers to create a distinctive pl ...

by a charity. In that year, the plant conservation charity Plantlife ran a competition to choose county flowers for all counties, to celebrate the

Golden Jubilee A golden jubilee marks a 50th anniversary. It variously is applied to people, events, and nations. Bangladesh In Bangladesh, golden jubilee refers the 50th anniversary year of the separation from Pakistan and is called in Bengali ''"সু ...

Queen Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II, her death in 2022. She was queen ...

. Plantlife's scheme is loosely based on Britain's historic counties, and so some current

local government areas A local government area (LGA) is an administrative division of a country that a local government is responsible for. The size of an LGA varies by country but it is generally a subdivision of a state, province, division, or territory. The phrase i ...

are not represented by a flower, and some of the counties included no longer exist as administrative areas. Flowers were also chosen for thirteen major cities: Belfast, Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Leeds, Liverpool, London, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, Nottingham and Sheffield. The

Isles of Scilly The Isles of Scilly (; kw, Syllan, ', or ) is an archipelago off the southwestern tip of Cornwall, England. One of the islands, St Agnes, is the most southerly point in Britain, being over further south than the most southerly point of the ...

was also treated as a county (distinct from Cornwall) for the purpose of the scheme. The Isle of Man was included, even though it is not a county, but a self-governing territory outside of the United Kingdom with an existing national flower: the ragwort or ''cushag''. The Channel Islands were not included. A total of 94 flowers was chosen in the competition. 85 of the 109 counties have a unique county flower, but several species were chosen by more than one county. Foxglove or ''Digitalis purpurea'' was chosen for four counties – Argyll, Birmingham,

Leicestershire Leicestershire ( ; postal abbreviation Leics.) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East Midlands, England. The county borders Nottinghamshire to the north, Lincolnshire to the north-east, Rutland to the east, Northamptonshire t ...

and

Monmouthshire Monmouthshire ( cy, Sir Fynwy) is a county in the south-east of Wales. The name derives from the historic county of the same name; the modern county covers the eastern three-fifths of the historic county. The largest town is Abergavenny, with ...

– more than any other species. The following species were chosen for three counties each: *

Bog Rosemary ''Andromeda polifolia'', common name bog-rosemary, is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae, native to northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere. It is the only member of the genus ''Andromeda'', and is only found in bogs in ...

''Andromeda polifolia'' (

Cardiganshire Ceredigion ( , , ) is a county in the west of Wales, corresponding to the historic county of Cardiganshire. During the second half of the first millennium Ceredigion was a minor kingdom. It has been administered as a county since 1282. Cere ...

, Kirkcudbright and Tyrone) * Cowslip ''Primula veris'' ( Northamptonshire,

Surrey Surrey () is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in South East England, bordering Greater London to the south west. Surrey has a large rural area, and several significant urban areas which form part of the Greater London Built-up Area. ...

and Worcestershire) * Harebell ''Campanula rotundifolia'' ( Antrim, Dumfriesshire and Yorkshire) * Thrift ''Armeria maritima'' (

Buteshire The County of Bute ( gd, Siorrachd Bhòid), also known as Buteshire, is a historic county and registration county of Scotland. The county comprises a number of islands in the Firth of Clyde, between the counties of Argyll and Ayrshire, the p ...

Pembrokeshire Pembrokeshire ( ; cy, Sir Benfro ) is a Local government in Wales#Principal areas, county in the South West Wales, south-west of Wales. It is bordered by Carmarthenshire to the east, Ceredigion to the northeast, and the rest by sea. The count ...

and the Isles of Scilly) And the following species were chosen for two counties: *

Grass-of-parnassus The genus ''Parnassia'', also known as grass of Parnassus or bog-stars, are plants now placed in the family Celastraceae, formerly classified in Parnassiaceae or Saxifragaceae. The plants occur in arctic and alpine habitats, as well as in dune ...

''Parnassia palustris'' (

Cumberland Cumberland ( ) is a historic county in the far North West England. It covers part of the Lake District as well as the north Pennines and Solway Firth coast. Cumberland had an administrative function from the 12th century until 1974. From 19 ...

and

Sutherland Sutherland ( gd, Cataibh) is a historic county, registration county and lieutenancy area in the Highlands of Scotland. Its county town is Dornoch. Sutherland borders Caithness and Moray Firth to the east, Ross-shire and Cromartyshire (later ...

) * Pasqueflower ''Pulsatilla vulgaris'' ( Cambridgeshire and

Hertfordshire Hertfordshire ( or ; often abbreviated Herts) is one of the home counties in southern England. It borders Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire to the north, Essex to the east, Greater London to the south, and Buckinghamshire to the west. For govern ...

) *

Common Poppy ''Papaver rhoeas'', with common names including common poppy, corn poppy, corn rose, field poppy, Flanders poppy, and red poppy, is an annual herbaceous species of flowering plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae. It is a temperate native with a ...

''Papaver rhoeas'' ( Essex and Norfolk) In addition, Sticky Catchfly ''Lychnis viscaria'' was chosen for both Edinburgh and

Midlothian Midlothian (; gd, Meadhan Lodainn) is a historic county, registration county, lieutenancy area and one of 32 council areas of Scotland used for local government. Midlothian lies in the east-central Lowlands, bordering the City of Edinburgh, ...

, the county containing Edinburgh. For most counties,

native Native may refer to: People * Jus soli, citizenship by right of birth * Indigenous peoples, peoples with a set of specific rights based on their historical ties to a particular territory ** Native Americans (disambiguation) In arts and entert ...

species were chosen, but for a small number of counties, non-natives were chosen, mainly archaeophytes.

Unofficial plants

Armenia

No plant or flower seems to be among the current official symbols. Some flowering plants from the area include ''

Althaea armeniaca ''Althaea armeniaca'' is a flowering plant in the family Malvaceae, found in southern Russia, northern Iran, and Armenia. In its native range its grows in dry continental climates. Description ''A. armeniaca'' is a tall, perennial herb with vill ...

'', Armenian Basket, ''

Muscari armeniacum ''Muscari armeniacum'' is a species of flowering plant in the squill subfamily Scilloideae of the asparagus family Asparagaceae (formerly the lilies, Liliaceae). It is a bulbous perennial with basal, simple leaves and short flowering stems. It is ...

'',

Armenian Poppy Armenian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia * Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent ** Armenian Diaspora, Armenian communities across the ...

, Armenian vartig (vargit), and ''

Tulipa armena ''Tulipa armena'' is a species of flowering plant in the Liliaceae family. It is referred to by the common name Armenian tulip, and is native to the historical Armenian Highlands as the name implies; current regions of Armenia, modern day Turkey ...

''.

Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan currently has no official national flower. Traditionally, various regions have different designations where national symbols are concerned. The city of Shusha named the

Khari Bulbul ''Ophrys caucasica'' (, , ) is a flowering plant endemic to the Caucasus. It has been recorded in numerous areas throughout Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Russia. The overall distribution of the species, according to Delforge, ranges from coas ...

(''Ophrys caucasica'') the floral emblem of the Nagorno-Karabakh.

Belarus

The unofficial national flower of Belarus is wild blue

, '' Centaurea''.

China

China currently has no official national flower. Traditionally, various regions have different designations where national symbols are concerned. In 1903, the Qing dynasty named the

() the floral emblem of the nation. The peony has long been considered a flower of wealth and honor in China. The puppet state

Manchukuo Manchukuo, officially the State of Manchuria prior to 1934 and the Empire of (Great) Manchuria after 1934, was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in Northeast China, Manchuria from 1932 until 1945. It was founded as a republic in 1932 afte ...

followed Japan's model of dual floral emblems: the "spring orchid" (Cymbidium goeringii) for the Emperor and the imperial household, and the sorghum blossom (Sorghum bicolor) for the state and the nation. The plum blossom, ''meihua'' (), has also been one of the most beloved flowers in Chinese culture. The Republic of China government named the plum blossom as the national flower in 1964. The plum blossom is symbol for resilience and perseverance in the face of adversity, because plum blossoms often bloom most vibrantly even amidst the harsh winter snow. The People's Republic of China, which has controlled mainland China since 1949, has no official floral emblem. There have been several petitions in recent years to officially adopt one. However, the government has not taken any action yet. A poll in 2005 showed that 41% of the public supports peony as the national flower while 36% supported the plum blossom. Some scholars have suggested that the peony and plum blossoms may be designated as dual national flowers. In addition, the orchid,

, daffodil and

chrysanthemum Chrysanthemums (), sometimes called mums or chrysanths, are flowering plants of the genus ''Chrysanthemum'' in the family Asteraceae. They are native to East Asia and northeastern Europe. Most species originate from East Asia and the center ...

have also been held as possible floral symbols of China.

Ecuador

No flower has been officially declared as a national symbol. Unofficially the rose and the orchid are claimed to hold that title.

Egypt

Both Blue Egyptian Lotus and White Egyptian Lotus are regarded as Egypt's national flowers, and they appear in many Ancient Egyptian paintings and monuments.

Guinea

In a 2018 public vote ''

Vernonia djalonensis ''Vernonia djalonensis'' is a critically endangered species of plants in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the West African country of Guinea. In a 2018 public vote, ''Vernonia djalonensis'' was voted as the national flower In a number of ...

'' was voted as the national flower of

Guinea Guinea ( ),, fuf, 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫, italic=no, Gine, wo, Gine, nqo, ߖߌ߬ߣߍ߫, bm, Gine officially the Republic of Guinea (french: République de Guinée), is a coastal country in West Africa. It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the we ...

, a decision which is currently awaiting government approval

Italy

Italy doesn't have an official floral emblem, though the Lily lilium is commonly cited. Other less common options are the Rose and the White poppy.

Japan

Japan's national government has never formally named a national flower, as with other symbols such as the green pheasant, which was named as national bird by a non-government body in 1947. In 1999, the

national flag A national flag is a flag that represents and symbolizes a given nation. It is flown by the government of that nation, but usually can also be flown by its citizens. A national flag is typically designed with specific meanings for its colours ...

and

anthem An anthem is a musical composition of celebration, usually used as a symbol for a distinct group, particularly the national anthems of countries. Originally, and in music theory and religious contexts, it also refers more particularly to short ...

were standardised by law. A ''de facto'' national flower for Japan for many is the ''sakura'' (

cherry blossom A cherry blossom, also known as Japanese cherry or sakura, is a flower of many trees of genus ''Prunus'' or ''Prunus'' subg. ''Cerasus''. They are common species in East Asia, including China, Korea and especially in Japan. They generally ...

), while a stylised depiction of a Chrysanthemum morifolium is used as the official emblem of the imperial family ( Imperial Seal of Japan). The Paulownia blossom was also used by the imperial family in the past, but has since been appropriated by the Prime Minister and the government in general ( Government Seal of Japan).

Netherlands

While the Netherlands does not have an official national flower, the tulip is widely considered to be its national flower.

France

While France does not have an official national flower, the fleur-de-lis, which was a symbol of the royal family, as well as the cornflower (blue), marguerite (white), and red poppy, which together represent the tri-colored

, are also generally treated as French national flowers.

Vietnam

While Vietnam does not have an official flower, four plants are traditional regarded as the ''four graceful plants'', namely: the lotus, the pine, bamboo, and the chrysanthemum. The lotus (''Nelumbo nucifera'') is generally regarded as the unofficial national flower of Vietnam, as portrayed, for example, on their postage stamps.Scott #874 and #875 show the lotus and flag, respectively, in honor of the first unified National Assembly general elections of 1976. , and again the flag and lotus are on the bicentennial issue Scot #3233, In Vietnamese tradition, the lotus is regarded as ''the symbol of purity, commitment and optimism for the future.''

References

External links

Plantlife
County flowers page
BBC coverage of the county flowers competition

Provincial Floral Emblems of Canada
- ''The Canadian Encyclopedia''
National Flowers

List of national flowers by country {{DEFAULTSORT:Floral Emblem Flowers in culture Lists of national symbols