Mild hybrids (also known as power-assist hybrids, battery-assisted hybrid vehicles or BAHVs) are generally cars with an
internal combustion engine
An internal combustion engine (ICE or IC engine) is a heat engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an internal co ...
equipped with an
electric machine (one motor/generator in a
parallel hybrid configuration) allowing the engine to be turned off whenever the car is coasting, braking, or stopped, and then quickly restarted once power is again required. Mild hybrids may employ
regenerative braking and some level of power assist to the internal combustion engine (ICE), but mild hybrids do not have an electric-only mode of propulsion.
Overview
The mild hybrid's
electric motor
An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor's magnetic field and electric current in a wire winding to generate f ...
provides greater efficiency through the use of a single device that is essentially an integrated starter/alternator sometimes known as a generator-motor unit. A typical mild-hybrid setup uses a belt-powered generator-motor unit driven off the engine to supply power to a small battery. The generator is also powered through regenerative braking, enabling power that would otherwise be dissipated as heat to be recaptured and recovered for use in powering the vehicle. The small power assist generated by mild-hybrid systems can help supplement the gas engine in low-speed situations or handle the demands of engine start/stop functionality. Vehicles equipped with a mild-hybrid system typically see anywhere from a 1–4 miles per gallon improvement in fuel economy relative to comparable models without the technology.
Mild hybrids do not require the same level of battery power and do not achieve the same levels of
fuel economy improvement as compared to
full hybrid models. One example is the 2005-07
Chevrolet Silverado, Parallel Hybrid Truck (PHT) a full-size
pickup truck with a single 7 kW 3-phase electric motor mounted in the bell-housing between the engine and a conventional 4L60E transmission. Chevrolet was able to get a 10% improvement on the Silverado's city
fuel efficiency
Fuel efficiency is a form of thermal efficiency, meaning the ratio of effort to result of a process that converts chemical potential energy contained in a carrier (fuel) into kinetic energy or work. Overall fuel efficiency may vary per device ...
by shutting down and restarting the engine on demand, and the reduction of
parasitic accessory loads. However the PHT had no power assist features or all-electric "electric vehicle" (EV) capability, and very limited
regenerative braking features.
Advantages and disadvantages
Compared with a
full hybrid vehicle, mild hybrids may provide some of the benefits of the application of hybrid technologies, with less of the cost–weight penalty that is incurred by installing a full hybrid series-parallel drivetrain. Fuel savings would generally be lower than expected with use of a full hybrid design, as the design does not facilitate high levels of
regenerative braking or necessarily promote the use of smaller, lighter, more efficient internal combustion engines.
Examples
General Motors
General Motors mild hybrids including the
Parallel Hybrid Truck (PHT) and numerous cars and SUVs equipped with the
BAS Hybrid system, often use a
36- to 48-volt system to supply the power needed for the startup motor, as well as a source of power to compensate for the increasing number of electronic accessories on modern vehicles. GM's
belt alternator starter (BAS) mild hybrid system uses a belt drive to start the
internal combustion engine
An internal combustion engine (ICE or IC engine) is a heat engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an internal co ...
(ICE) through its motor–generator unit (MGU), then once started the engine drives the 14.5 kW motor-generator to charge the batteries. The BAS hybrid system also utilizes
regenerative braking to replenish the system's 36 V battery and can provide moderate levels of power assist. According to the EPA, a 2009 Saturn Vue Greenline equipped with the
BAS Hybrid system delivers a 27% improvement in combined fuel economy over the non-hybrid version (FWD 4cyl).
Honda
Honda's
Integrated Motor Assist directly attaches a brushless
DC motor between the flywheel and transaxle, providing both assistance during acceleration and regeneration during coasting/braking. It has been produced in various voltages and power outputs, as dictated by the size and weight of the vehicle application. Models equipped with the
Integrated Motor Assist include the
Honda Insight (1999–2006, 2009–2014),
Honda Jazz (2011– )
Honda Civic (2003–2015),
Honda Accord (2005–2007), and
CR-Z
The Honda CR-Z is a sport compact hybrid electric automobile manufactured by Honda and marketed as a "sport hybrid coupe." The CR-Z combines a hybrid gasoline-electric powertrain with traditional sports car elements, including a 2+2 seating arra ...
(2010–2016).
Others
During the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing in August, Chinese automobile manufacturer
Chang'an Motors supplied a number of hybrid-drive cars as taxis for the athletes and spectators. The power electronics for the "mild hybrid" drive was supplied by
Infineon.
Toyota sold mild hybrid versions of the
Toyota Crown executive sedan between 2001 and 2003 and the mid-size
Crown Sedan between 2002 and 2008 in the Japanese domestic market. These models combined a
BAS hybrid system with the standard straight-6 petrol engines for increased fuel economy. Toyota now sells a full hybrid version of the Crown under their brand name
Hybrid Synergy Drive.
MINI
The Mini is a small, two-door, four-seat car, developed as ADO15, and produced by the British Motor Corporation (BMC) and its successors, from 1959 through 2000. Minus a brief hiatus, original Minis were built for four decades and sold during ...
and
BMW have start and stop, and some with regenerative braking, in all of their vehicles sold in Europe running 4-cylinder engines with manual transmissions.
Citroën proposes a
stop and start system on its
C2 and
C3 models. The concept-car ''C5 Airscape'' has an improved version of that, adding regenerative braking and traction assistance functionalities, and
ultracapacitors
A supercapacitor (SC), also called an ultracapacitor, is a high-capacity capacitor, with a capacitance value much higher than other capacitors but with lower voltage limits. It bridges the gap between electrolytic capacitors and rechargeable ba ...
for energy buffering.
In 2004
VW brought two mild hybrid concept cars to Shanghai for the Challenge Bibendum.
Suzuki
is a Japanese multinational corporation headquartered in Minami-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan. Suzuki manufactures automobiles, motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), outboard marine engines, wheelchairs and a variety of other small internal co ...
have announced the
Suzuki Baleno The Suzuki Baleno nameplate has been used by the Japanese manufacturer Suzuki to denote several different subcompact cars since 1996.
* From 1996 to 2002, the Suzuki Baleno that was sold in Europe and Asia-Pacific was a rebadged Suzuki Cultus Cresc ...
with integrated
SHVS-technology in 2016 on the new
Suzuki HEARTECT platform. Suzuki has had experience with this mild-hybrid technology in their
Suzuki Ciaz
The Suzuki Ciaz is a subcompact sedan produced by Suzuki since 2014. It is developed to replace the Suzuki SX4 sedan in several Asian, African and Latin American markets. It went on sale for the first time in India, the largest market for Suzuk ...
.
See also
*
BAS hybrid (eAssist)
*
Integrated Motor Assist
*
Micro HEV
References
{{Reflist
Hybrid powertrain
Hybrid vehicles
de:Hybridelektrokraftfahrzeug#Mild-Hybrid