A ' (
Hebrew
Hebrew (; ; ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jews and Samaritans. It was largely preserved ...
: , pl. ') is an institute of
Torah study
Torah study is the study of the Torah, Hebrew Bible, Talmud, responsa, rabbinic literature, and similar works, all of which are Judaism's religious texts. According to Rabbinic Judaism, the study is done for the purpose of the '' mitzvah'' ("co ...
for women, usually in
Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
, and roughly the equivalent of a
yeshiva
A yeshiva (; he, ישיבה, , sitting; pl. , or ) is a traditional Jewish educational institution focused on the study of Rabbinic literature, primarily the Talmud and halacha (Jewish law), while Torah and Jewish philosophy a ...
for men.
A "
seminary
A seminary, school of theology, theological seminary, or divinity school is an educational institution for educating students (sometimes called ''seminarians'') in scripture, theology, generally to prepare them for ordination to serve as clergy ...
" (Hebrew ''seminar'', sometimes ''seminaria'')
[''Midrashot''](_blank)
science.co.il is a similar institution, more traditional in orientation.
Midrashot are
Religious Zionist, while Seminaries are usually
Haredi
Haredi Judaism ( he, ', ; also spelled ''Charedi'' in English; plural ''Haredim'' or ''Charedim'') consists of groups within Orthodox Judaism that are characterized by their strict adherence to ''halakha'' (Jewish law) and traditions, in oppos ...
; although in English, "Seminary", or "Sem", is often used for either.
The term ''Midrasha'' is sometimes used more widely, referring to
pluralistic, as opposed to
Orthodox, educational institutions.
In Israel, it may also refer to
field schools that organize seminars and nature field trips.
History
The
Haredi
Haredi Judaism ( he, ', ; also spelled ''Charedi'' in English; plural ''Haredim'' or ''Charedim'') consists of groups within Orthodox Judaism that are characterized by their strict adherence to ''halakha'' (Jewish law) and traditions, in oppos ...
aligned seminaries - for example
Beth Jacob Jerusalem, and the
Gateshead Jewish Academy for Girls -
are modeled on the
Bais Yaakov movement's
teacher-training seminary established by
Sarah Schenirer in 1923.
(Today, ''Beis Yaakov'' almost invariably refers to high school, while "Seminary" is used for a post-high school institution.)
Outside of Europe, the "Beis Yaakov Seminary,
Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv-Yafo ( he, תֵּל־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ, translit=Tēl-ʾĀvīv-Yāfō ; ar, تَلّ أَبِيب – يَافَا, translit=Tall ʾAbīb-Yāfā, links=no), often referred to as just Tel Aviv, is the most populous city in the G ...
" was founded in 1933, and Jerusalem's "Beis Yaakov Institute for Teachers" in 1939;
the first Seminary in the USA was established by
Vichna Kaplan in
Williamsburg, Brooklyn
Williamsburg is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, bordered by Greenpoint to the north; Bedford–Stuyvesant to the south; Bushwick and East Williamsburg to the east; and the East River to the west. As of the 2020 United ...
in 1941;
Gateshead Seminary in the
UK, was founded in 1944.
The
Rika Breuer Teachers Seminary - of the
Breuers /
Khal Adath Jeshurun
Khal Adath Jeshurun (KAJ) is an Orthodox German Jewish Ashkenazi congregation in the Washington Heights neighborhood, in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It has an affiliated synagogue in the heavily Orthodox Jewish neighborhood of ...
community - was established in the 1960s and operated for over 40 years.
See . (And for further context, , a women's seminary established in 1930, as well as discussing the ''Bais Medrash L'Morim'' established in 1864.)
The
Religious Zionist and
Modern Orthodox ' began to be established in the late 1970s, parallel to the ''
Hesder
Hesder ( he, הסדר "arrangement"; also Yeshivat Hesder ) is an Israeli yeshiva program which combines advanced Talmudic studies with military service in the Israel Defense Forces, usually within a Religious Zionist framework. The program all ...
'' yeshivot;
[See the corresponding Hebrew article: :He: מדרשה תורנית לנשים]
these include the
Religious Kibbutz Movement
The Religious Kibbutz Movement ( he, הקיבוץ הדתי, ''HaKibbutz HaDati'') is an organizational framework for Orthodox kibbutzim in Israel. Its membership includes 22 communities, 16 of them traditional kibbutzim, and 6 others in the cat ...
's
Midreshet Ein HaNetziv,
Midreshet Lindenbaum
Midreshet Lindenbaum (), originally named Michlelet Bruria, is a midrasha in Talpiot, Jerusalem. It counts among its alumnae many of the teachers at Matan, Nishmat, Pardes and other women's and co-ed yeshivas in Israel and abroad.
History
Mich ...
, and
Migdal Oz, sister school of
Yeshivat Har Etzion.
Precedent, are the
Mizrachi Teachers Training College, today's
Lifshitz College of Education, which was established in Jerusalem in 1921; the
Talpiot Bet Medrash for Teachers in 1937; and
Machon Gold in 1958. Lindenbaum, in 1976, was the first established independent of a teacher's college.
The largest Midrasha is at
Bar-Ilan University
Bar-Ilan University (BIU, he, אוניברסיטת בר-אילן, ''Universitat Bar-Ilan'') is a public research university in the Tel Aviv District city of Ramat Gan, Israel. Established in 1955, Bar Ilan is Israel's second-largest academi ...
, with 800 students in its various programs.
A ''midrasha'' that offers
degree studies is sometimes called a ''machon'' (, institute) or a ''michlalah'' (, college).
The word "'" is based on the term ''
beit midrash
A ''beth midrash'' ( he, בית מדרש, or ''beis medrash'', ''beit midrash'', pl. ''batei midrash'' "House of Learning") is a hall dedicated for Torah study, often translated as a "study hall." It is distinct from a synagogue (''beth kness ...
'', "house of study";
the
root
In vascular plants, the roots are the organs of a plant that are modified to provide anchorage for the plant and take in water and nutrients into the plant body, which allows plants to grow taller and faster. They are most often below the su ...
דרש means "to seek
nowledge, and is then generalized to mean "expound".
It is
cognate
In historical linguistics, cognates or lexical cognates are sets of words in different languages that have been inherited in direct descent from an etymological ancestor in a common parent language. Because language change can have radical ef ...
with the
Arabic
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter ...
"'," which also refers to a place of learning.
Curriculum
and seminaries vary in curriculum and ''
hashkafah
''Hashkafa'' ( he, השקפה, lit., "outlook"; plural ''hashkafot'', ''hashkafos'', ''hashkafas'') is the Hebrew term for worldview and guiding philosophy, used almost exclusively within Orthodox Judaism. A ''hashkafa'' is a perspective that ...
'', or outlook.
[A Modest Year in Israel: When Young Women go to “Seminary”](_blank)
''Lilith'', 2014
All cover the
Tanakh
The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh (;["Tanach"](_blank)
'' Jewish philosophy
Jewish philosophy () includes all philosophy carried out by Jews, or in relation to the religion of Judaism. Until modern '' Haskalah'' (Jewish Enlightenment) and Jewish emancipation, Jewish philosophy was preoccupied with attempts to reconcil ...
, ''practical''
Halacha (Jewish law; "''Halacha LeMaaseh''"), and
''Hasidus'' /
Musar (character development);
topics in
applied Jewish ethics, such as the
"laws of speech", are usually taught separately.
The
Jewish holidays
Jewish holidays, also known as Jewish festivals or ''Yamim Tovim'' ( he, ימים טובים, , Good Days, or singular , in transliterated Hebrew []), are holidays observed in Judaism and by JewsThis article focuses on practices of mainst ...
are similarly often studied as a separate topic, "''Ma'agal Hashana''", in terms of both philosophy and ''Halacha'';
''
Tefillah
Jewish prayer ( he, תְּפִלָּה, ; plural ; yi, תּפֿלה, tfile , plural ; Yinglish: davening from Yiddish 'pray') is the prayer recitation that forms part of the observance of Rabbinic Judaism. These prayers, often with i ...
'', "prayer", likewise.
Depending on the institution's stance, the weight and role assigned to Talmud particularly, and in fact to textual-skills generally, will differ re men's yeshivot, and between schools.
Midrashot
At ''Midrashot'', the treatment of the Tanakh and Jewish philosophy - there referred to as
''Machshavah'' - is typically text-focused, built around
chavruta
''Chavrusa'', also spelled ''chavruta'' or ''ḥavruta'' (Aramaic: חַבְרוּתָא, lit. "fellowship" or "group of fellows"; pl. חַבְרָוָותָא), is a traditional rabbinic approach to Talmudic study in which a small group of stu ...
-based study as at yeshivot.
This entails paired-study where assigned sources are prepared for a ''
shiur'', a lecture delivered as a discursive-review.
At some institutions, the
Talmud
The Talmud (; he, , Talmūḏ) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law ('' halakha'') and Jewish theology. Until the advent of modernity, in nearly all Jewish communities, the Talmud was the ce ...
is directly studied, as at men's ''yeshivot'', if less intensively; others treat Talmud similar to seminaries, as below.
Regardless, ''
Halachah
''Halakha'' (; he, הֲלָכָה, ), also transliterated as ''halacha'', ''halakhah'', and ''halocho'' ( ), is the collective body of Jewish religious laws which is derived from the written and Oral Torah. Halakha is based on biblical comma ...
'' will generally be studied with ''practice'' in view, as opposed to
the yeshiva approach, where the derivation is from Talmudic sources through
codification. At
Matan,
Nishmat
Nishmat ( he, נִשְׁמַת or 'the soul of every living thing') is a Jewish prayer that is recited during Pesukei D'Zimrah between the Song of the Sea and Yishtabach on Shabbat and Yom Tov. It is also recited during the Passover seder.
Sh ...
and Lindenbaum, the treatment is Talmud-based; see also
Drisha Institute The Drisha Institute for Jewish Education is a center for advanced Jewish learning located on the Upper West Side of New York City. Though initially founded to promote advanced scholarship for women, it has since expanded to offer an array of text-b ...
.
Women usually attend ''Midrasha'' for one year, either before or following their ''
Sherut Leumi'' (national civic service); a second year is sometimes offered. Programs often emphasize ''Machshavah'', deepening their students' religious identity at this life-stage; this may include specific study of the writings of
Rav Kook
Abraham Isaac Kook (; 7 September 1865 – 1 September 1935), known as Rav Kook, and also known by the acronym HaRaAYaH (), was an Orthodox rabbi, and the first Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of British Mandatory Palestine. He is considered to be one of ...
, and/or ''
Torat Eretz Yisrael
The Hebrew expression Torat Eretz Yisrael (literally "Teachings concerning the Land of Israel") refers to the idea that Torah thoughts emanating from the land of Israel are of great religious status. In the Midrash Genesis Rabbah it is stated: � ...
'' in general.
Seminaries
Seminary programs usually span two years post high-school. Seminaries are typically more conservative in
their approach than ''Midrashot'':
selections from the Talmud - usually the non-legalistic ''
aggadah
Aggadah ( he, ''ʾAggāḏā'' or ''Haggāḏā''; Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אַגָּדְתָא ''ʾAggāḏəṯāʾ''; "tales, fairytale, lore") is the non-legalistic exegesis which appears in the classical rabbinic literature of Judaism ...
'' - may be studied, but only in the context of other classes, especially philosophy and Musar;
the only
section of Talmud studied directly is ''
Pirkei Avot
Pirkei Avot ( he, פִּרְקֵי אָבוֹת; also transliterated as ''Pirqei Avoth'' or ''Pirkei Avos'' or ''Pirke Aboth''), which translates to English as Chapters of the Fathers, is a compilation of the ethical teachings and maxims from ...
'', comprising ethical teachings
and maxims.
These institutions relatedly assign less weight to textual skills,
with content delivered primarily via lecture.
As appropriate to the program in question, formal
teacher training and certification is often provided
[For example]
Seminary Bnos Chaim
Student Catalog
additional to these courses.
Parallel to their academic content, most Seminaries also focus on
the role of women in Torah (several ''Midrashot'' similarly),
covering topics such as
''
Tzniut
''Tzniut'' ( he, צניעות , , ; " modesty" or " privacy"; ) describes both the character trait of modesty and discretion, as well as a group of Jewish laws pertaining to conduct. The concept is most important within Orthodox Judaism.
...
'' (modesty), ''
Shalom Bayit Shalom bayit () (also sholom bayit or shlom bayit, or (Yiddish) sholom bayis or shlom bayis) is the Jewish religious concept of domestic harmony and good relations between husband and wife. In a Jewish court of law, ''shalom bayit'' is the Hebrew te ...
'' ("domestic harmony") and ''
Chinuch
Jewish education ( he, חינוך, ''Chinuch'') is the transmission of the tenets, principles, and religious laws of Judaism. Known as the "people of the book", Jews value education, and the value of education is strongly embedded in Jewish cul ...
'' (education of one's children),
and preparing students for the role of
''akeres habayis'', or "household mainstay".
These classes often emphasize "values", as opposed to sources.
Hasidic-aligned institutions are positioned in line with the Seminaries; their curricula differ in that they emphasize the works of their respective
Rebbe
A Rebbe ( yi, רבי, translit=rebe) or Admor ( he, אדמו״ר) is the spiritual leader in the Hasidic movement, and the personalities of its dynasties.Heilman, Samuel"The Rebbe and the Resurgence of Orthodox Judaism."''Religion and Spiritu ...
, and their exposure to text is often further limited. Note that some
Chabad-affiliated institutions, on the other hand, offer classes in Talmud and text-based Halacha.
Israel programs
Many diaspora-based girls attend or "sem" in Israel, for a year or two ("''shana bet''") following high school;
several ''midrashot'' and seminaries offer special programs here, for example ''Shana Ba'aretz'' at Nishmat, or the "Overseas Program" at
Midreshet HaRova.
Additional to Torah study, as above, these programs often include an element of ''yediat ha’aretz'' (“knowledge of the Land”) comprising
touring of Israel,
Shabbatons in various communities, seminars with journalists and politicians, and typically
volunteer work in local schools and hospitals;
often a trip to Poland is scheduled to
memorealize the Holocaust.
Some institutions accommodate
the newly observant with similar year-programs, designed to build foundational knowledge and skills; well known are
Neve Yerushalayim,
Mayanot, and
Machon Roni;
Machon Chana is US based.
Certifications
Most Haredi and Hasidic seminaries offer certificates, and sometimes degrees, in Education.
[For example]
Bnos Zion of Bobov Seminary
Catalog
In Israel, the two year certificates are jointly through the
Szold Institute, and are recognized by the
Israel Ministry of Education
The Ministry of Education ( he, מִשְׂרָד הַחִנּוּךְ, translit. ''Misrad HaHinukh''; ar, وزارة التربية والتعليم) is the branch of the Israeli government charged with overseeing public education institutions i ...
as equivalent to the
national matriculation.
Chabad
Chabad, also known as Lubavitch, Habad and Chabad-Lubavitch (), is an Orthodox Jewish Hasidic dynasty. Chabad is one of the world's best-known Hasidic movements, particularly for its outreach activities. It is one of the largest Hasidic group ...
's Beth Rivkah offers a
B.A. and
M.A. jointly with the
Shaanan Religious College of Education; "Beth Chanah", its affiliated program in
Tzfat
Safed (known in Hebrew as Tzfat; Sephardic Hebrew & Modern Hebrew: צְפַת ''Tsfat'', Ashkenazi Hebrew: ''Tzfas'', Biblical Hebrew: ''Ṣǝp̄aṯ''; ar, صفد, ''Ṣafad''), is a city in the Northern District of Israel. Located at an elevat ...
and Jerusalem, offers a 2 year certificate.
JCT's Lustig Campus in
Ramat Gan
Ramat Gan ( he, רָמַת גַּן or , ) is a city in the Tel Aviv District of Israel, located east of the municipality of Tel Aviv and part of the Tel Aviv metropolitan area. It is home to one of the world's major diamond exchanges, and man ...
hosts degree programs for Haredi and Hasidic women;
see also
The Haredi Campus - The Academic College Ono.
In the Religious Zionist community, women often continue their studies at one of the midrasha-affiliated
teacher training colleges, which offer an intensive Torah-program in conjunction with the
B.Ed. degree;
(
master's level) specializations are often offered in ''Tanakh'' or ''Machshavah''.
The year in ''Midrasha'' is sometimes integrated with the college program.
Bar-Ilan University
Bar-Ilan University (BIU, he, אוניברסיטת בר-אילן, ''Universitat Bar-Ilan'') is a public research university in the Tel Aviv District city of Ramat Gan, Israel. Established in 1955, Bar Ilan is Israel's second-largest academi ...
operates a ''midrasha'', and students in all disciplines may then continue Torah study in parallel with their academic studies (with a requirement of at least ten courses in Judaism
).
Machon Tal,
[מדרשת-טל](_blank)
jct.ac.il associated with JCT, the
Jerusalem College of Technology, similarly offers degrees in engineering and management.
Female faculty at Midrashot often hold
Doctorate
A doctorate (from Latin ''docere'', "to teach"), doctor's degree (from Latin ''doctor'', "teacher"), or doctoral degree is an academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism ''l ...
s, usually from Bar-Ilan.
Most Seminaries and ' for English-speaking students are accredited by American colleges; see .
Some offer second-year programs with religious-studies classes in the morning and general-studies classes in the afternoons, allowing students to pursue a religious education with a college degree simultaneously.
In the US, the Modern Orthodox
Stern College for Women (
Yeshiva University
Yeshiva University is a private Orthodox Jewish university with four campuses in New York City.["About YU]
on the Yeshiva Universi ...
) combines Torah and University studies, as at Bar-Ilan;
the Haredi
Lander College for Women similarly.
Stern graduates often pursue Torah topics at the Masters level, through the
Bernard Revel Graduate School of Jewish Studies The Bernard Revel Graduate School of Jewish Studies was Yeshiva University’s first graduate school. Founded in 1937, it was named for Yeshiva University's first president, Bernard Revel
Bernard (Dov) Revel ( he, ברנרד רבל; September 17 ...
.
In recent years
some ''midrashot'' offer specialized programs in Halacha, comprising Talmud-intensive source study, with certifying examinations on the relevant sections of
codified law in the ''
Shulchan Aruch
The ''Shulchan Aruch'' ( he, שֻׁלְחָן עָרוּך , literally: "Set Table"), sometimes dubbed in English as the Code of Jewish Law, is the most widely consulted of the various legal codes in Judaism. It was authored in Safed (today in ...
''.
Nishmat trains women as
''Yoatzot Halacha'', advisors in the laws of
Family purity
Niddah (or nidah; he, נִדָּה), in traditional Judaism, describes a woman who has experienced a uterine discharge of blood (most commonly during menstruation), or a woman who has menstruated and not yet completed the associated requir ...
;
Lindenbaum, through a joint program, prepares women as
''to'anot'', advocates in
religious courts for
matters relating to divorce.
Three programs mirror
the Rabbinate’s
ordination
Ordination is the process by which individuals are consecrated, that is, set apart and elevated from the laity class to the clergy, who are thus then authorized (usually by the denominational hierarchy composed of other clergy) to perform ...
requirement for men:
Ein Hanetziv trains students as "Teachers of Halacha",
Lindenbaum in "Halachik leadership"
and Matan as "Halachik
Respondents
{{unreferenced, date=February 2012
A respondent is a person who is called upon to issue a response to a communication made by another. The term is used in legal contexts, in survey methodology, and in psychological conditioning.
Legal usage
In ...
".
Yeshiva University offers women graduate-students a
Master's program
A master's degree (from Latin ) is an academic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice. in advanced Talmud and Halacha.
Other institutions
As above, the term ''Midrasha'' is sometimes used for
pluralistic, as opposed to
orthodox, institutions for
Torah study
Torah study is the study of the Torah, Hebrew Bible, Talmud, responsa, rabbinic literature, and similar works, all of which are Judaism's religious texts. According to Rabbinic Judaism, the study is done for the purpose of the '' mitzvah'' ("co ...
. These are usually structured around continuing /
adult education
Adult education, distinct from child education, is a practice in which adults engage in systematic and sustained self-educating activities in order to gain new forms of knowledge, skills, attitudes, or values. Merriam, Sharan B. & Brockett, Ral ...
, and accept both men and women.
Examples in Israel are the ''Ein Prat Midrasha''
and the Midrasha at the
Oranim Academic College
Oranim ( he, אֳרָנִים or , ''lit.'' Pines) is a college of education in northern Israel. The college was founded in 1951 by the United Kibbutz Movement. It was named after the small forest of pine trees in the area. It offers BA degrees in ...
;
elsewhere, the
Melton School's ''Midrasha'' in
Cape Town
Cape Town ( af, Kaapstad; , xh, iKapa) is one of South Africa's three capital cities, serving as the seat of the Parliament of South Africa. It is the legislative capital of the country, the oldest city in the country, and the second largest ...
.
Other non-orthodox programs for women (usually egalitarian) include those at
"Pardes", which offers various learning formats worldwide, and
Mechon Hadar a
Conservative
Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization in ...
-aligned
Bet Midrash
A ''beth midrash'' ( he, בית מדרש, or ''beis medrash'', ''beit midrash'', pl. ''batei midrash'' "House of Learning") is a hall dedicated for Torah study, often translated as a "study hall." It is distinct from a synagogue (''beth kness ...
in New York.
(Oranim, in partnership with the
Shalom Hartman Institute, in fact offers a
pluralistic ordination to both men and women.)
Within the Orthodox community, continuing-education programs for women, similar to these, are also offered,
for example by
Matan
and
''Emunah'',
while ''Midreshet Afikim'' is a program for high-school students;
the
LSJS Women's Midrasha programme
similarly provides regular text-based classes.
Many diaspora synagogues host a "campus midrasha" or suchlike, offering scheduled daily classes on various topics; many also host a
"Community Kollel", which has a corresponding function, and offers adult education to both men and women (usually separately).
In the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country Continental United States, primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., ...
, the term ''Midrasha'' is also used for programs where high school students can continue their Jewish education post
bar
Bar or BAR may refer to:
Food and drink
* Bar (establishment), selling alcoholic beverages
* Candy bar
* Chocolate bar
Science and technology
* Bar (river morphology), a deposit of sediment
* Bar (tropical cyclone), a layer of cloud
* Bar ( ...
/
bat mitzvah.
[Examples]
Berkeley-Oakland Midrasha
Midrasha Hebrew High School
Contra Costa Midrasha
/ref>
In Israel, the term is used also in wider contexts.
'' Midreshet Ben-Gurion'' - also known as ''Midreshet Sde Boker'' - is an educational center and boarding school in the south.
''Eshkolot'' operates "''midrashot''" aimed at knowledge of the land of Israel
The Land of Israel () is the traditional Jewish name for an area of the Southern Levant. Related biblical, religious and historical English terms include the Land of Canaan, the Promised Land, the Holy Land, and Palestine (see also Isr ...
.
Beit Berl College's school of art is called ''"HaMidrasha"''.
See also
* Beis Yaakov
Bais Yaakov ( he, בית יעקב also Beis Yaakov, Beit Yaakov, Beth Jacob or Beys Yankev; lit., House fJacob) is a genericized name for full-time Haredi Jewish elementary and secondary schools for Jewish girls throughout the world.
Bais Yaa ...
*
* Female seminary
*
*
*
* List of Midrashot &
*
*
* Ulpana
* WebYeshiva
WebYeshiva.org is a pioneering
online yeshiva and midrasha.
It is unique in that its classes are presented live, and are fully interactive, replicating the structure of a traditional ''shiur''.
Its offering extends through ''Semicha'' (Rab ...
- advanced course-based Torah study for men and women, including the 3 year "Halacha Mastery Program"
* Women in Judaism and esp. #Views on the education of women
*
*Yeshivot ordaining women:
** Beit Midrash Har'el
Women rabbis are individual Jewish women who have studied Jewish Law and received rabbinical ordination. Women rabbis are prominent in Progressive Jewish denominations, however, the subject of women rabbis in Orthodox Judaism is more complex. A ...
(Orthodox)
** Maharat ( Open Orthodox)
Notes
References
{{Jewish education
Jewish educational institutions
Modern Orthodox Judaism
Orthodox Jewish schools for women
Hebrew words and phrases