Meatloaf is a
dish of
ground meat that has been combined with other ingredients and formed into the shape of a
loaf, then
baked or
smoked. The final shape is either hand-formed on a
baking tray, or pan-formed by cooking it in a
loaf pan
A bread pan, also called a loaf pan, is a kitchen utensil in the form of a container in which bread is baked. Its function is to shape bread while it is rising during baking. The most common shape of the bread pan is the loaf, or narrow rectangl ...
.
It is usually made with
ground beef, although ground
lamb
Lamb or The Lamb may refer to:
* A young sheep
* Lamb and mutton, the meat of sheep
Arts and media Film, television, and theatre
* ''The Lamb'' (1915 film), a silent film starring Douglas Fairbanks Sr. in his screen debut
* ''The Lamb'' (1918 ...
,
pork,
veal,
venison,
poultry, and
seafood are also used, sometimes in combination. Vegetarian adaptations of meatloaf may use
imitation meat or
pulses.
The cooked meatloaf can be sliced like a loaf of bread to make individual portions. It can easily become dry; therefore, various techniques exist to keep the dish moist, like mixing in bread crumbs and egg, covering it with sauce, wrapping it, or using moisture-enhancing ingredients in the mixture, such as filling it with fatty meats, rich
cheeses, or
vegetables.
History
Meatloaf of
minced
Mincing is a food preparation technique in which food ingredients are finely divided into uniform pieces. Minced food is in smaller pieces than diced or chopped foods, and is often prepared with a chef's knife or food processor, or in the case ...
meat was mentioned in the
Roman cookery collection ''
Apicius'' as early as the 5th century. Meatloaf is a traditional
German,
Scandinavian and
Belgian
Belgian may refer to:
* Something of, or related to, Belgium
* Belgians, people from Belgium or of Belgian descent
* Languages of Belgium, languages spoken in Belgium, such as Dutch, French, and German
*Ancient Belgian language, an extinct languag ...
dish, and it is a cousin to the
Dutch
Dutch commonly refers to:
* Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands
* Dutch people ()
* Dutch language ()
Dutch may also refer to:
Places
* Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States
* Pennsylvania Dutch Country
People E ...
meatball
A meatball is ground meat rolled into a ball, sometimes along with other ingredients, such as bread crumbs, minced onion, eggs, butter, and seasoning. Meatballs are cooked by frying, baking, steaming, or braising in sauce. There are many type ...
.
American meatloaf
has its origins in
scrapple, a mixture of ground pork and
cornmeal served by
German-Americans in Pennsylvania since
colonial times
The ''Colonial Times'' was a newspaper in what is now the Australian state of Tasmania. It was established as the ''Colonial Times, and Tasmanian Advertiser'' in 1825 in Hobart, Van Diemen's Land
Van Diemen's Land was the colon ...
.
Meatloaf in the contemporary American sense did not appear in
cookbooks
A cookbook or cookery book is a kitchen reference containing recipes.
Cookbooks may be general, or may specialize in a particular cuisine or category of food.
Recipes in cookbooks are organized in various ways: by course (appetizer, first cours ...
until the late 19th century.
National variations
Austria
The Austrian version of meatloaf is called ''faschierter Braten'' (literally "
minced
Mincing is a food preparation technique in which food ingredients are finely divided into uniform pieces. Minced food is in smaller pieces than diced or chopped foods, and is often prepared with a chef's knife or food processor, or in the case ...
roast", from ''faschieren'', "to
mince", and ''ein Braten'', "a
roast"), also known as ''falscher Hase'', or 'fake rabbit'. Most of the time, it is not filled (as it may be in Germany), though the variation ''im Speckmantel'' involves wrapping the exterior in ham or bacon before baking. Often, it is served with mashed potatoes (when warm), or with
Cumberland sauce (when cold).
Bangladesh
The Bangladeshi version of meatloaf is called ''Maṅśer lof''.
Belgium
The Belgian version of meatloaf is called ''vleesbrood'' (meatbread); however, ''fricandon'' is also used to refer to it in Dutch. In French, it is called ''pain de viande''. It is usually served warm and can then be served with various sauces, but can also be eaten cold with a loaf of bread.
Bulgaria
''Rulo Stefani'' ( bg, Руло Стефани). The Bulgarian ''rulo Stefani'' meatloaf is similar to the Hungarian ''Stefánia'' meatloaf, with hard-boiled eggs, and sometimes with chopped carrots and pickled gherkins in the middle.
Chile
Chilean meatloaf, known as ''Asado Aleman'' (German roasted meat) is a staple of southern Chilean cuisine, especially in areas known for having been influenced by the arrival of German colonizers during the 18th and 19th century. The most common recipe nowadays consists of ground beef, carrots, sausages, boiled eggs and breadcrumbs, cooked in the oven and normally served with a side-dish of mashed potatoes or rice.
Cuba
The Cuban version of meatloaf is called ''pulpeta''. It is made with ground beef and ground ham, and stuffed with
hard boiled eggs, and it is cooked on the stovetop. The dish was brought to public attention, albeit mistakenly referred to as a sausage, in the second episode of the third season of ''
The Cosby Show
''The Cosby Show'' is an American television sitcom co-created by and starring Bill Cosby, which aired Thursday nights for eight seasons on NBC between September 20, 1984, until April 30, 1992. The show focuses on an upper middle-class Africa ...
'', entitled "Food for Thought". However, due to Cuba’s strict laws regarding the purchasing of meat products, especially beef, meatloaf is not a common dish in Cuba.
Czech Republic
In the Czech Republic, meatloaf is referred to as ''sekaná'' ('chopped'). It is optional to put hard boiled eggs, gherkins, or wienerwurst inside.
Denmark
Danish meatloaf is called ''forloren hare'' ('mock hare') or ''farsbrød'' ('ground-meat bread') and is usually made from a mixture of ground pork and beef with strips of
bacon or cubed bacon on top. It is served with boiled or mashed potatoes and brown gravy sweetened with
red currant jam.
Finland
Finnish meatloaf is called ''lihamureke''. It is entirely based on the basic meatball recipe. The only spices used are salt and pepper. It is not customary to stuff ''lihamureke'' with anything. The usual side dish is mashed potatoes, and ''lihamureke'' is usually served with brown sauce.
Germany
In
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
, meatloaf is referred to as ''Hackbraten'' (literally "ground roast", from ''Hackfleisch'', "
ground meat", and ''ein Braten'', "a
roast"), ''faschierter Braten'' (literally "
minced
Mincing is a food preparation technique in which food ingredients are finely divided into uniform pieces. Minced food is in smaller pieces than diced or chopped foods, and is often prepared with a chef's knife or food processor, or in the case ...
roast", from ''faschieren'', "to
mince", and ''ein Braten'', "a
roast"), ''Wiegebraten'', ''falscher Hase'' ("false hare" or "faux hare") and ''Heuchelhase'' ("mock-hare"). In some regions, it often has boiled eggs inside.
''
Fleischlaib'' does literally mean "meat-loaf", but is actually another name for ''
Leberkäse'' (literally "liver-cheese"), which is not a meatloaf.
Greece
In
Greece
Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders ...
, meatloaf is referred to as ''rolo'' (Ρολό) and it is usually filled with hard boiled eggs, although several other variations exist.
Hungary
Stefania meatloaf ( hu, Stefánia szelet) or Stefania slices are a type of
Hungarian long meatloaf baked in a loaf pan, with 3 hard boiled eggs in the middle, making decorative white and yellow rings in the middle of the slices.
Italy
In Italy, meatloaf is called ''polpettone'' and can be filled with eggs, ham and cheese, and other ingredients.
Jewish cuisine
In
Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine
Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine is an assortment of cooking traditions that was developed by the Ashkenazi Jews of Eastern, Central, Western, Northern, and Southern Europe, and their descendants, particularly in the United States and other Western coun ...
, meatloaf is called ''Klops'' ( he, קלופס) and can be served cold or hot. It is sometimes filled with whole boiled eggs. The name presumably comes from the German ''Klops'' 'meatball'.
Lebanon
In Lebanon, ''
kibbeh
Kibbeh (, also kubba and other spellings; ar, كبة, kibba; tr, içli köfte) is a family of dishes based on spiced ground meat, onions, and grain, popular in Middle Eastern cuisine.
In Levantine cuisine, kibbeh is usually made by pounding ...
'' (ground beef or lamb mixed with Bulgar) can sometimes be formed into a loaf and baked. It is sometimes made from raw meat.
North Macedonia
''Rolat'' is a similar dish to the chiefly Arab, though also Persian and South-Asian, kofta. Ground beef is rolled and cooked until brown. It can be cooked with vegetables and various sauces.
Mexico
Meatloaf is known as ''albondigón'' and is small in size.
Mongolia
''Khuchmal'' () is served with mashed potatoes cooked over the ground meat.
Netherlands
The Dutch version of meatloaf is called ''gehaktbrood'' and can be eaten warm or cold. ''
Slavink
Slavink is a Dutch meat dish consisting usually of ground meat called "half and half" (half beef, half pork) wrapped in bacon (the Dutch equivalent of bacon is, however, not smoked), and cooked in butter or vegetable oil for about 15 minutes. A var ...
'' is sometimes thought of as a small meatloaf, though it is pan-fried.
Philippines
''
Embutido'' (not to be confused with the Spanish ''
embutido'') is made of well-seasoned ground pork, raisins, minced carrots, sausages, and whole boiled eggs. The meat is molded into a roll with the sausages and hard boiled eggs set in the middle. Another variation of the dish involves wrapping the meatloaf with pork crow or
mesentery. It is then wrapped in aluminum foil (historically, banana leaves) and steamed for an hour. The cooked ''embutido'' may be stored in freezers. It is usually served fried and sliced for breakfast.
''Embutido'' is sometimes confused with ''
morcón'' (also not to be confused with Spanish ''
morcón''), due to their similarity in appearance. However, ''morcón'' is a beef
roulade
A roulade () is a dish of filled rolled meat or pastry. Roulade can be savory or sweet. Swiss roll is an example of a sweet roulade. Traditionally found in various European cuisines, the term ''roulade'' originates from the French word ''ro ...
, not a meatloaf.
''
Hardinera'' is a Filipino meatloaf made with diced or ground pork topped with sliced hard-boiled eggs, pineapples, carrots, bell peppers, peas, tomatoes, and raisins, among others.
Poland
Called ''pieczeń rzymska'' ("Roman roast") or ''klops'' is made of ground pork, beef, onions and garlic, with an obligatory hard boiled egg inside.
Puerto Rico
In
Puerto Rican cuisine
Puerto Rican cuisine has its roots in the cooking traditions and practices of Europe (mostly Spain), Africa and the native Taínos.
History
Puerto Rican cuisine has been influenced by an array of cultures including Taino Arawak, Spanish, an ...
, meatloaf is known as ''albondigón'' or ''butifarrón al horno''. Puerto Rican style meatloaf is made with ground pork, beef, turkey,
adobo
or (Spanish: marinade, sauce, or seasoning) is the immersion of cooked food in a stock (or sauce) composed variously of paprika, oregano, salt, garlic, and vinegar to preserve and enhance its flavor. The Portuguese variant is known as . ...
,
Worcestershire sauce, milk, ketchup, potatoes, red beans, breadcrumbs, parsley, and a hard-boiled egg in the middle.
Romania
In Romanian cuisine, there is a meatloaf dish called ''drob'', similar to other minced meat dishes in the region like the Bulgarian ''Rulo Stefani'' or the Hungarian ''Stefánia'' meatloaf. The major difference is that ''drob'' is always made with lamb organs (or a mixture of lamb organs and pork or veal), and the hard boiled eggs in the centre of the ''drob'' are optional.
Sweden
Swedish meatloaf is called ''köttfärslimpa'' (literally "minced meat-loaf", from ''köttfärs'', "
minced meat", and ''limpa'', "loaf") and is usually made from a mixture of ground pork and beef. It is served with boiled or mashed potatoes, brown sauce gravy, often made from the meat juice that comes from cooking the meatloaf, and lingonberry jam. It is also used thinly sliced as a spread on sandwiches.
Turkey
In
Turkish cuisine, there is a version of meatloaf called ''dalyan köfte'' or ''rulo köfte''; it is typically filled with carrots, peas, and whole boiled eggs.
United Kingdom
In the UK, there are regional pork meatloaf dishes known as
haslet
In British English, haslet or acelet is a pork meatloaf with herbs, originally from Lincolnshire. The word is derived from the Old French meaning ''entrails''. In Lincolnshire, haslet (pronounced '/ˈhæslɪt/' locally) is typically made from s ...
, which can be eaten cold or hot.
United States
During the
Great Depression, cooking meatloaf was a way for families to stretch the
food budget by using an inexpensive type of meat and left-over ingredients to cook for their pets. Along with
spices,
it was popular to add
cereal grains,
bread or
saltine crackers to the meatloaf to add bulk and stretch the meat. This tradition of additions still lives on, but with new goals: primarily, producing a lower-fat dish with superior binding and consistency.
American-style meatloaf is typically eaten with a
sauce or
relish
A relish is a cooked and pickled product made of chopped vegetables, fruits or herbs and is a food item typically used as a condiment to enhance a staple. Examples are chutneys and the North American relish, a pickled cucumber jam eaten with ho ...
, often applied before cooking. Many recipes call for a
tomato sauce to be poured over the loaf, which forms a crust during baking.
A simple
brown or
onion gravy
Onion gravy is a type of gravy prepared with onion. Various types of onions are used in its preparation. Some preparations caramelize the onions. Onion gravy may be served to accompany many foods, such as pork, beef steak, meatloaf, hamburger, ban ...
or a can of
cream of mushroom soup can substitute for tomato-based sauce, but the meatloaf is prepared in a similar manner.
Barbecue sauce, tomato
ketchup
Ketchup or catsup is a table condiment with a sweet and tangy flavor. The unmodified term ("ketchup") now typically refers to tomato ketchup, although early recipes used egg whites, mushrooms, oysters, grapes, mussels, or walnuts, among o ...
, or a mixture of ketchup and
prepared mustard may also be used. This style of meatloaf may be topped with a "meatloaf sauce" consisting of ketchup and
brown sugar. Another variety of meatloaf, in the same style, is prepared by "frosting" the loaf with
mashed potatoes
Mashed potato or mashed potatoes (American and Canadian English), colloquially known as mash (British English), is a dish made by mashing boiled or steamed potatoes, usually with added milk, butter, salt and pepper. It is generally served as a ...
, drizzling a small amount of
butter over the top, and then
browning it in the oven.
American-style meatloaf is normally served warm, as part of a main course, but it can also be sliced as a
cold cut
Lunch meats—also known as cold cuts, luncheon meats, cooked meats, sliced meats, cold meats, sandwich meats, and deli meats—are precooked or cured meats that are sliced and served cold or hot. They are typically served in sandwiches or on ...
(and then used in sandwiches). This dish can be considered a typical
comfort food in the US, and so it is served in many
diners and restaurants. In a 2007 poll by ''
Good Housekeeping
''Good Housekeeping'' is an American women's magazine featuring articles about women's interests, product testing by The Good Housekeeping Institute, recipes, diet, and health, as well as literary articles. It is well known for the "Good Hous ...
'', meatloaf was the seventh-favorite dish of Americans.
Vietnam
The Vietnamese meatloaf version is called ''chả''. It is boiled rather than baked or smoked.
There are many versions of ''chả'' that differ in the ingredients used.
See also
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References
External links
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{{Meat
Meat dishes
Cooking techniques
Baked foods
Roman cuisine
American cuisine
Belgian cuisine
German cuisine
Swedish cuisine
Finnish cuisine
Danish cuisine
Smoked meat
Ground meat