In
science and
engineering, an intrinsic property is a
property of a specified subject that exists itself or within the subject. An extrinsic property is not essential or inherent to the subject that is being characterized. For example,
mass is an intrinsic property of any
physical object, whereas
weight is an extrinsic property that depends on the strength of the
gravitational field in which the object is placed.
Applications in science and engineering
In
materials science, an intrinsic property is independent of how much of a material is present and is independent of the form of the material, e.g., one large piece or a collection of small particles. Intrinsic properties are dependent mainly on the fundamental chemical composition and
structure of the material. Extrinsic properties are differentiated as being dependent on the presence of avoidable chemical contaminants or structural defects.
In
biology
Biology is the scientific study of life. It is a natural science with a broad scope but has several unifying themes that tie it together as a single, coherent field. For instance, all organisms are made up of cells that process hereditary ...
, intrinsic effects originate from inside an
organism or
cell
Cell most often refers to:
* Cell (biology), the functional basic unit of life
Cell may also refer to:
Locations
* Monastic cell, a small room, hut, or cave in which a religious recluse lives, alternatively the small precursor of a monastery w ...
, such as an
autoimmune
In immunology, autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells, tissues and other normal body constituents. Any disease resulting from this type of immune response is termed an "autoimmune disease". ...
disease or
intrinsic immunity
Intrinsic immunity refers to a set of cellular-based anti-viral defense mechanisms, notably genetically encoded proteins which specifically target eukaryotic retroviruses. Unlike adaptive and innate immunity effectors, intrinsic immune proteins ar ...
.
In
electronics and
optics, intrinsic properties of devices (or systems of devices) are generally those that are free from the influence of various types of non-essential defects. Such defects may arise as a consequence of design imperfections, manufacturing errors, or operational extremes and can produce distinctive and often undesirable extrinsic properties. The identification, optimization, and control of both intrinsic and extrinsic properties are among the engineering tasks necessary to achieve the high performance and
reliability of modern electrical and optical systems.
[ Ueda, Osamu and Pearton, Stephen J. editors, Materials and Reliability Handbook for Semiconductor Optical and Electron Devices, 2013, , ]
See also
*
Intensive and extensive properties
*
Intrinsic and extrinsic typology (theology)
*
Intrinsic factor (biology)
*
Intrinsic semiconductor
An intrinsic (pure) semiconductor, also called an undoped semiconductor or i-type semiconductor, is a pure semiconductor without any significant dopant species present. The number of charge carriers is therefore determined by the properties of the ...
(materials science)
*
Intrinsic function (computer programming)
*
Intrinsic equation
In geometry, an intrinsic equation of a curve is an equation that defines the curve using a relation between the curve's intrinsic properties, that is, properties that do not depend on the location and possibly the orientation of the curve. The ...
(geometry)
*
Motivation
*
Sunspots (economics) In economics, the term sunspots (or sometimes "a sunspot") refers to an ''extrinsic'' random variable, that is, a random variable that does not affect economic fundamentals (such as endowments, preferences, or technology). ''Sunspots'' can also r ...
, also known as ''extrinsic random variables''
*
Coagulation
Coagulation, also known as clotting, is the process by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a blood clot. It potentially results in hemostasis, the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel, followed by repair. The mechanism ...
, with intrinsic and extrinsic blood clotting pathways
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Intrinsic And Extrinsic Properties.
Abstraction
Ontology