Incidence may refer to:
Economics
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Benefit incidence, the availability of a benefit
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Expenditure incidence Expenditure incidence is the effect of government expenditure upon the distribution of private incomes. This is commonly contrasted with benefit incidence as an approach to planning and measuring the effect of a government spending programme. A pi ...
, the effect of government expenditure upon the distribution of private incomes
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Fiscal incidence, the economic impact of government taxation and expenditures on the economic income of individuals
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Tax incidence
In economics, tax incidence or tax burden is the effect of a particular tax on the distribution of economic welfare. Economists distinguish between the entities who ultimately bear the tax burden and those on whom tax is initially imposed. The t ...
, analysis of the effect of a particular tax on the distribution of economic welfare
Mathematics
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Incidence algebra In order theory, a field of mathematics, an incidence algebra is an associative algebra, defined for every locally finite partially ordered set
and commutative ring with unity. Subalgebras called reduced incidence algebras give a natural constructi ...
, associative algebra used in combinatorics, a branch of mathematics
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Incidence geometry
In mathematics, incidence geometry is the study of incidence structures. A geometric structure such as the Euclidean plane is a complicated object that involves concepts such as length, angles, continuity, betweenness, and incidence. An ''incide ...
, the study of relations of incidence between various geometrical objects
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Incidence (geometry) In geometry, an incidence relation is a heterogeneous relation that captures the idea being expressed when phrases such as "a point ''lies on'' a line" or "a line is ''contained in'' a plane" are used. The most basic incidence relation is that betw ...
, the binary relations describing how subsets meet
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Incidence (graph), in graph theory, a quality of some vertex-edge pairs
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Incidence list, a concept in graph theory
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Incidence matrix
In mathematics, an incidence matrix is a logical matrix that shows the relationship between two classes of objects, usually called an incidence relation. If the first class is ''X'' and the second is ''Y'', the matrix has one row for each element ...
, a matrix that shows the relationship between two classes of objects
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Incidence structure
In mathematics, an incidence structure is an abstract system consisting of two types of objects and a single relationship between these types of objects. Consider the points and lines of the Euclidean plane as the two types of objects and ignore al ...
, a feature of combinatorial mathematics
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Cumulative incidence
In epidemiology, incidence is a measure of the probability of occurrence of a given medical condition in a population within a specified period of time. Although sometimes loosely expressed simply as the number of new cases during some time pe ...
, a measure of frequency
Other uses
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Angle of incidence, a measure of deviation of something from "straight on"
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Incidence (epidemiology)
In epidemiology, incidence is a measure of the probability of occurrence of a given medical condition in a population within a specified period of time. Although sometimes loosely expressed simply as the number of new cases during some time per ...
, a measure of the risk of developing some new condition within a specified period of time
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Plane of incidence
In describing reflection and refraction in optics, the plane of incidence (also called the incidence plane or the meridional plane) is the plane which contains the surface normal and the propagation vector of the incoming radiation. (In wave opt ...
, relating to optical reflection
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Incidence (video game), a minimalist golfing style game by ScrollView Games
See also
* ''
Incidents'', 1987 book
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Incident (disambiguation)
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