Copper(I) bromide is the

chemical compound A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds. A molecule consisting of atoms of only one elemen ...

with the formula CuBr. This diamagnetic solid adopts a polymeric structure akin to that for zinc sulfide. The compound is widely used in the

synthesis Synthesis or synthesize may refer to: Science Chemistry and biochemistry * Chemical synthesis, the execution of chemical reactions to form a more complex molecule from chemical precursors **Organic synthesis, the chemical synthesis of organ ...

of organic compounds and as a lasing medium in copper bromide lasers.

Preparation, basic properties, structure

The compound is white, although samples are often colored due to the presence of copper(II) impurities. The copper(I) ion also oxidizes easily in air. It is commonly prepared by the reduction of cupric salts with

sulfite Sulfites or sulphites are compounds that contain the sulfite ion (or the sulfate(IV) ion, from its correct systematic name), . The sulfite ion is the conjugate base of bisulfite. Although its acid (sulfurous acid) is elusive, its salts are wide ...

in the presence of bromide.This report gives a procedure for generating CuBr: For example, the reduction of

copper(II) bromide Copper(II) bromide ( Cu Br2) is a chemical compound. It is used in photographic processing as an intensifier and as a brominating agent in organic synthesis. It is also used in the copper vapor laser, a class of laser where the medium is copper ...

with sulfite yields copper(I) bromide and

hydrogen bromide Hydrogen bromide is the inorganic compound with the formula . It is a hydrogen halide consisting of hydrogen and bromine. A colorless gas, it dissolves in water, forming hydrobromic acid, which is saturated at 68.85% HBr by weight at room tempe ...

: :2 CuBr₂ + H₂O + → 2 CuBr + + 2 HBr CuBr is insoluble in most solvents due to its polymeric structure, which features four-coordinated, tetrahedral Cu centers interconnected by bromide ligands (ZnS structure). Upon treatment with Lewis bases, CuBr converts to molecular

adduct An adduct (from the Latin ''adductus'', "drawn toward" alternatively, a contraction of "addition product") is a product of a direct addition of two or more distinct molecules, resulting in a single reaction product containing all atoms of all co ...

s. For example, with dimethyl sulfide, the colorless complex is formed: :CuBr + S(CH₃)₂ → CuBr(S(CH₃)₂) In this

coordination complex A coordination complex consists of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the ''coordination centre'', and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ''ligands'' or complexing agents. Many ...

, the copper is two-coordinate, with a linear geometry. Other soft ligands afford related complexes. For example,

triphenylphosphine Triphenylphosphine (IUPAC name: triphenylphosphane) is a common organophosphorus compound with the formula P(C6H5)3 and often abbreviated to P Ph3 or Ph3P. It is widely used in the synthesis of organic and organometallic compounds. PPh3 exists ...

gives CuBr(P(C₆H₅)₃), although this species has a more complex structure. Thermal excitation of copper(I) bromide vapour yields a blue-violet emission which is of greater saturation than known

copper(I) chloride Copper(I) chloride, commonly called cuprous chloride, is the lower chloride of copper, with the formula CuCl. The substance is a white solid sparingly soluble in water, but very soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid. Impure samples appear gre ...

emission. Copper(I) bromide is hence an advantageous emitter in

pyrotechnic Pyrotechnics is the science and craft of creating such things as fireworks, safety matches, oxygen candles, explosive bolts and other fasteners, parts of automotive airbags, as well as gas-pressure blasting in mining, quarrying, and demolition. ...

flames.

Applications in organic chemistry

In the

Sandmeyer reaction The Sandmeyer reaction is a chemical reaction used to synthesize aryl halides from aryl diazonium salts using copper salts as reagents or catalysts. It is an example of a radical-nucleophilic aromatic substitution. The Sandmeyer reaction provides ...

, CuBr is employed to convert diazonium salts into the corresponding

aryl In organic chemistry, an aryl is any functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic ring, usually an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as phenyl and naphthyl. "Aryl" is used for the sake of abbreviation or generalization, and "Ar" is used as ...

bromides: : + CuBr → ArBr + N₂ + Cu⁺ The aforementioned complex CuBr(S(CH₃)₂) is widely used to generate

organocopper Organocopper compounds is the chemistry of organometallic compounds containing a carbon to copper chemical bond. Organocopper chemistry is the study of organocopper compounds describing their physical properties, synthesis and reactions. They ...

reagents. Related CuBr complexes are

catalyst Catalysis () is the process of increasing the reaction rate, rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed in the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the ...

s for

atom transfer radical polymerization Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is an example of a reversible-deactivation radical polymerization. Like its counterpart, ATRA, or atom transfer radical addition, ATRP is a means of forming a carbon-carbon bond with a transition metal ca ...

and copper-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative couplings (CDC).

References

External links

Web Elements
{{bromides Bromides Metal halides Copper(I) compounds Zincblende crystal structure