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In long, slender structural elements — such as columns or
truss A truss is an assembly of ''members'' such as beams, connected by ''nodes'', that creates a rigid structure. In engineering, a truss is a structure that "consists of two-force members only, where the members are organized so that the assembl ...
bars — an increase of compressive force ''F'' leads to
structural failure Structural integrity and failure is an aspect of engineering that deals with the ability of a structure to support a designed structural load (weight, force, etc.) without breaking and includes the study of past structural failures in order t ...
due to buckling at lower stress than the
compressive strength In mechanics, compressive strength or compression strength is the capacity of a material or structure to withstand loads tending to reduce size (as opposed to tensile strength which withstands loads tending to elongate). In other words, compres ...
. Compressive stress has stress units (force per unit area), usually with negative values to indicate the compaction. However, in
geotechnical engineering Geotechnical engineering is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials. It uses the principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics for the solution of its respective engineering problems. It ...
, compressive stress is represented with positive values. Compressive stress is defined in the same way as the tensile stress but it has negative values so as to express the compression since dL has the opposite direction. ( L is the length of the object.) Compression stress= -( F/A) Where F= Force applied on the object. A= Area of cross section of the object. Materials science {{materials-sci-stub