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Carbonate minerals are those
mineral In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid chemical compound with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.John P. Rafferty, ed. ( ...
s containing the
carbonate A carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid (H2CO3), characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, a polyatomic ion with the formula . The word ''carbonate'' may also refer to a carbonate ester, an organic compound containing the carbonate g ...
ion An ion () is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by conv ...
, .


Carbonate divisions


Anhydrous carbonates

*Calcite group:
trigonal In crystallography, the hexagonal crystal family is one of the six crystal families, which includes two crystal systems (hexagonal and trigonal) and two lattice systems (hexagonal and rhombohedral). While commonly confused, the trigonal crystal ...
**
Calcite Calcite is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It is a very common mineral, particularly as a component of limestone. Calcite defines hardness 3 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, based on scratc ...
CaCO3 **
Gaspéite Gaspéite, a very rare nickel carbonate mineral, with the formula , is named for the place it was first described, in the Gaspé Peninsula, Québec, Canada. Gaspéite is the nickel rich member of the calcite group. A solid solution series exists ...
(Ni,Mg,Fe2+)CO3 **
Magnesite Magnesite is a mineral with the chemical formula (magnesium carbonate). Iron, manganese, cobalt, and nickel may occur as admixtures, but only in small amounts. Occurrence Magnesite occurs as veins in and an alteration product of ultramafic ro ...
MgCO3 **
Otavite Otavite is a rare cadmium carbonate mineral with the formula Cd C O3. Otavite crystallizes in the trigonal system and forms encrustations and small scalenohedral crystals that have a pearly to adamantine luster. The color is white to reddish to ...
CdCO3 **
Rhodochrosite Rhodochrosite is a manganese carbonate mineral with chemical composition MnCO3. In its (rare) pure form, it is typically a rose-red color, but impure specimens can be shades of pink to pale brown. It streaks white, and its Mohs hardness varies bet ...
MnCO3 **
Siderite Siderite is a mineral composed of iron(II) carbonate (FeCO3). It takes its name from the Greek word σίδηρος ''sideros,'' "iron". It is a valuable iron mineral, since it is 48% iron and contains no sulfur or phosphorus. Zinc, magnesium and ...
FeCO3 **
Smithsonite Smithsonite, also known as zinc spar, is the mineral form of zinc carbonate ( Zn CO3). Historically, smithsonite was identified with hemimorphite before it was realized that they were two different minerals. The two minerals are very similar in app ...
ZnCO3 **
Spherocobaltite Spherocobaltite or sphaerocobaltite is a cobalt carbonate mineral with chemical composition CoCO3. In its (rare) pure form, it is typically a rose- red color, but impure specimens can be shades of pink to pale brown. It crystallizes in the tri ...
CoCO3 *Aragonite group:
orthorhombic In crystallography, the orthorhombic crystal system is one of the 7 crystal systems. Orthorhombic lattices result from stretching a cubic lattice along two of its orthogonal pairs by two different factors, resulting in a rectangular prism with ...
**
Aragonite Aragonite is a carbonate mineral, one of the three most common naturally occurring crystal forms of calcium carbonate, (the other forms being the minerals calcite and vaterite). It is formed by biological and physical processes, including pr ...
CaCO3 **
Cerussite Cerussite (also known as lead carbonate or white lead ore) is a mineral consisting of lead carbonate (PbCO3), and is an important ore of lead. The name is from the Latin ''cerussa'', white lead. ''Cerussa nativa'' was mentioned by Conrad Gessn ...
PbCO3 **
Strontianite Strontianite ( Sr C O3) is an important raw material for the extraction of strontium. It is a rare carbonate mineral and one of only a few strontium minerals. It is a member of the aragonite group. Aragonite group members: aragonite (CaCO3), ...
SrCO3 **
Witherite Witherite is a barium carbonate mineral, Ba C O3, in the aragonite group. Witherite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and virtually always is twinned. The mineral is colorless, milky-white, grey, pale-yellow, green, to pale-brown. The sp ...
BaCO3 **
Rutherfordine Rutherfordine is a mineral containing almost pure uranyl carbonate ( U O2 CO3). It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system in translucent lathlike, elongated, commonly radiating in fibrous, and in pulverulent, earthy to very fine-grained dense ma ...
UO2CO3 ** Natrite Na2CO3


Anhydrous carbonates with compound formulas

*Dolomite group:
trigonal In crystallography, the hexagonal crystal family is one of the six crystal families, which includes two crystal systems (hexagonal and trigonal) and two lattice systems (hexagonal and rhombohedral). While commonly confused, the trigonal crystal ...
**
Ankerite Ankerite is a calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese carbonate mineral of the group of rhombohedral carbonates with the chemical formula . In composition it is closely related to dolomite, but differs from this in having magnesium replaced by varyi ...
CaFe(CO3)2 **
Dolomite Dolomite may refer to: *Dolomite (mineral), a carbonate mineral *Dolomite (rock), also known as dolostone, a sedimentary carbonate rock *Dolomite, Alabama, United States, an unincorporated community *Dolomite, California, United States, an unincor ...
CaMg(CO3)2 **
Huntite Huntite is a carbonate mineral with the chemical formula Mg3Ca(CO3)4. Huntite crystallizes in the trigonal system and typically occurs as platy crystals and powdery masses. For most of recorded history its main use was as a white pigment. Toda ...
Mg3Ca(CO3)4 **
Minrecordite Minrecordite, CaZn(CO3)2 , is a very rare mineral belonging to the dolomite group, the member with Ca and Zn. It was discovered, associated with dioptase, in a specimen from the Tsumeb mine (Namibia), which is consequently its type locality. Its ...
CaZn(CO3)2 **
Barytocalcite Barytocalcite is an anhydrous barium calcium carbonate mineral with the chemical formula Ba Ca( C O3)2. It is trimorphous with alstonite and paralstonite, that is to say the three minerals have the same formula but different structures. Baryte ...
BaCa(CO3)2


Carbonates with hydroxyl or halogen

*Carbonate with
hydroxide Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−. It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a single covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge. It is an important but usually minor constituent of water. It ...
:
monoclinic In crystallography, the monoclinic crystal system is one of the seven crystal systems. A crystal system is described by three vectors. In the monoclinic system, the crystal is described by vectors of unequal lengths, as in the orthorhombic s ...
**
Azurite Azurite is a soft, deep-blue copper mineral produced by weathering of copper ore deposits. During the early 19th century, it was also known as chessylite, after the type locality at Chessy-les-Mines near Lyon, France. The mineral, a basic ca ...
Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 **
Hydrocerussite White lead is the basic lead carbonate 2PbCO3·Pb(OH)2. It is a complex salt, containing both carbonate and hydroxide ions. White lead occurs naturally as a mineral, in which context it is known as hydrocerussite, a hydrate of cerussite. It was ...
Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 **
Malachite Malachite is a copper carbonate hydroxide mineral, with the formula Cu2CO3(OH)2. This opaque, green-banded mineral crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system, and most often forms botryoidal, fibrous, or stalagmitic masses, in fractures ...
Cu2CO3(OH)2 **
Rosasite Rosasite is a carbonate mineral with minor potential for use as a zinc and copper ore. Chemically, it is a copper zinc carbonate hydroxide with a copper to zinc ratio of 3:2, occurring in the secondary oxidation zone of copper-zinc deposits. It w ...
(Cu,Zn)2CO3(OH)2 **
Phosgenite Phosgenite is a rare mineral consisting of lead chlorocarbonate, (PbCl)2CO3. The tetragonal crystals are prismatic or tabular in habit: they are usually colorless and transparent, and have a brilliant adamantine lustre. Sometimes the crystals hav ...
Pb2(CO3)Cl2 **
Hydrozincite Hydrozincite, also known as zinc bloom or marionite, is a white carbonate mineral consisting of Zn5( CO3)2( OH)6. It is usually found in massive rather than crystalline form. It occurs as an oxidation product of zinc ores and as post mine incru ...
Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 **
Aurichalcite Aurichalcite is a carbonate mineral, usually found as a secondary mineral in copper and zinc deposits. Its chemical formula is . The zinc to copper ratio is about 5:4. Occurrence Aurichalcite typically occurs in the oxidized zone of copper and z ...
(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6


Hydrated carbonates

*
Hydromagnesite Hydromagnesite is a hydrated magnesium carbonate mineral with the formula Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O. It generally occurs associated with the weathering products of magnesium containing minerals such as serpentine or brucite. It occurs as incrustations ...
Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2.4H2O *
Ikaite Ikaite is the mineral name for the hexahydrate of calcium carbonate, CaCO3·6H2O. Ikaite tends to form very steep or spiky pyramidal crystals, often radially arranged, of varied sizes from thumbnail size aggregates to gigantic salient spurs. It ...
CaCO3·6(H2O) *
Lansfordite Lansfordite is a hydrated magnesium carbonate mineral with composition: MgCO3·5H2O. Landsfordite was discovered in 1888 in a coal mine in Lansford, Pennsylvania. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system (space group ''P21/c'') and typically occu ...
MgCO3·5(H2O) *
Monohydrocalcite Monohydrocalcite is a mineral that is a hydrous form of calcium carbonate, CaCO3·H2O. It was formerly also known by the name hydrocalcite, which is now discredited by the IMA. It is a trigonal mineral which is white when pure. Monohydrocalcite ...
CaCO3·H2O * Natron Na2CO3·10(H2O) *
Zellerite Zellerite is a uranium mineral, named after its discoverer, geologist Howard Davis Zeller. It has a type locality of the Lucky MC uranium mine in Wyoming, USA. It was approved by the IMA in 1965, but was first published a year after its approval ...
Ca(UO2)(CO3)2·5(H2O) The carbonate class in both the Dana and the
Strunz classification Strunz can refer to: * Claudio Strunz (born 1966), Argentine drummer * Claus Strunz (born 1966), German journalist * Thomas Strunz Thomas Strunz (born 25 April 1968) is a German former professional footballer who played mostly as a defensive ...
systems include the nitrates.Dana Classification on Webmineral
Strunz Classification on Webmineral


Nickel–Strunz classification -05- carbonates

IMA-CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme (Mills et al., 2009). This list uses the classification of Nickel–Strunz (
mindat.org Mindat.org is a non-commercial online database, claiming to be the largest mineral database and mineralogical reference website on the Internet. It is used by professional mineralogists, geologists, and amateur mineral collectors alike. The w ...
, 10 ed, pending publication). *Abbreviations: **"*" – discredited (IMA/CNMNC status). **"?" – questionable/doubtful (IMA/CNMNC status). **"REE" –
Rare-earth element The rare-earth elements (REE), also called the rare-earth metals or (in context) rare-earth oxides or sometimes the lanthanides (yttrium and scandium are usually included as rare earths), are a set of 17 nearly-indistinguishable lustrous silve ...
(Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) **"PGE" – Platinum-group element (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt) **03.C Aluminofluorides, 06 Borates, 08 Vanadates (04.H V ,6/sup> Vanadates), 09 Silicates: ***Neso: insular (from
Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
νησος nēsos, island) ***Soro: grouping (from
Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
σωροῦ sōros, heap, mound (especially of corn)) ***Cyclo: ring ***Ino: chain (from
Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
ις enitive: ινος ''inos'' fibre) ***Phyllo: sheet (from
Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
φύλλον ''phyllon'', leaf) ***Tekto: three-dimensional framework *Nickel–Strunz code scheme: NN.XY.##x **NN: Nickel–Strunz mineral class number **X: Nickel–Strunz mineral division letter **Y: Nickel–Strunz mineral family letter **##x: Nickel–Strunz mineral/group number, x add-on letter


Class: carbonates

* 05.A Carbonates without additional anions, without H2O ** 05.AA Alkali carbonates: 05
Zabuyelite Zabuyelite is the natural mineral form of lithium carbonate, with a formula Li2 C O3. It was discovered in 1987 at Lake Zabuye, Tibet, after which it is named. It forms colorless vitreous monoclinic crystals. It occurs as inclusions within ha ...
; 10
Gregoryite Gregoryite is an anhydrous carbonate mineral that is rich in potassium and sodium with the chemical formula . It is one of the two main ingredients of natrocarbonatite, found naturally in the lava of Ol Doinyo Lengai volcano, the other being nyer ...
, 10 Natrite; 15
Nahcolite Nahcolite is a soft, colourless or white carbonate mineral with the composition of sodium bicarbonate ( Na H C O3) also called thermokalite. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system. Nahcolite was first described in 1928 for an occurrence in a ...
, 20 Kalicinite, 25 Teschemacherite, 30 Wegscheiderite ** 05.AB Alkali-earth (and other M2+) carbonates: 05
Calcite Calcite is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It is a very common mineral, particularly as a component of limestone. Calcite defines hardness 3 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, based on scratc ...
, 05 Gaspeite, 05
Magnesite Magnesite is a mineral with the chemical formula (magnesium carbonate). Iron, manganese, cobalt, and nickel may occur as admixtures, but only in small amounts. Occurrence Magnesite occurs as veins in and an alteration product of ultramafic ro ...
, 05
Rhodochrosite Rhodochrosite is a manganese carbonate mineral with chemical composition MnCO3. In its (rare) pure form, it is typically a rose-red color, but impure specimens can be shades of pink to pale brown. It streaks white, and its Mohs hardness varies bet ...
, 05
Otavite Otavite is a rare cadmium carbonate mineral with the formula Cd C O3. Otavite crystallizes in the trigonal system and forms encrustations and small scalenohedral crystals that have a pearly to adamantine luster. The color is white to reddish to ...
, 05
Spherocobaltite Spherocobaltite or sphaerocobaltite is a cobalt carbonate mineral with chemical composition CoCO3. In its (rare) pure form, it is typically a rose- red color, but impure specimens can be shades of pink to pale brown. It crystallizes in the tri ...
, 05
Siderite Siderite is a mineral composed of iron(II) carbonate (FeCO3). It takes its name from the Greek word σίδηρος ''sideros,'' "iron". It is a valuable iron mineral, since it is 48% iron and contains no sulfur or phosphorus. Zinc, magnesium and ...
, 05
Smithsonite Smithsonite, also known as zinc spar, is the mineral form of zinc carbonate ( Zn CO3). Historically, smithsonite was identified with hemimorphite before it was realized that they were two different minerals. The two minerals are very similar in app ...
; 10
Ankerite Ankerite is a calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese carbonate mineral of the group of rhombohedral carbonates with the chemical formula . In composition it is closely related to dolomite, but differs from this in having magnesium replaced by varyi ...
, 10
Dolomite Dolomite may refer to: *Dolomite (mineral), a carbonate mineral *Dolomite (rock), also known as dolostone, a sedimentary carbonate rock *Dolomite, Alabama, United States, an unincorporated community *Dolomite, California, United States, an unincor ...
, 10
Kutnohorite Kutnohorite is a rare calcium manganese carbonate mineral with magnesium and iron that is a member of the dolomite group. It forms a series with dolomite, and with ankerite. The end member formula is , but and commonly substitute for , with ...
, 10
Minrecordite Minrecordite, CaZn(CO3)2 , is a very rare mineral belonging to the dolomite group, the member with Ca and Zn. It was discovered, associated with dioptase, in a specimen from the Tsumeb mine (Namibia), which is consequently its type locality. Its ...
; 15
Cerussite Cerussite (also known as lead carbonate or white lead ore) is a mineral consisting of lead carbonate (PbCO3), and is an important ore of lead. The name is from the Latin ''cerussa'', white lead. ''Cerussa nativa'' was mentioned by Conrad Gessn ...
, 15
Aragonite Aragonite is a carbonate mineral, one of the three most common naturally occurring crystal forms of calcium carbonate, (the other forms being the minerals calcite and vaterite). It is formed by biological and physical processes, including pr ...
, 15
Strontianite Strontianite ( Sr C O3) is an important raw material for the extraction of strontium. It is a rare carbonate mineral and one of only a few strontium minerals. It is a member of the aragonite group. Aragonite group members: aragonite (CaCO3), ...
, 15
Witherite Witherite is a barium carbonate mineral, Ba C O3, in the aragonite group. Witherite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and virtually always is twinned. The mineral is colorless, milky-white, grey, pale-yellow, green, to pale-brown. The sp ...
; 20
Vaterite Vaterite is a mineral, a polymorph of calcium carbonate ( Ca C O3). It was named after the German mineralogist Heinrich Vater. It is also known as mu- calcium carbonate (μ-CaCO3). Vaterite belongs to the hexagonal crystal system, whereas cal ...
, 25
Huntite Huntite is a carbonate mineral with the chemical formula Mg3Ca(CO3)4. Huntite crystallizes in the trigonal system and typically occurs as platy crystals and powdery masses. For most of recorded history its main use was as a white pigment. Toda ...
, 30 Norsethite, 35
Alstonite Alstonite, also known as bromlite, is a low temperature hydrothermal mineral that is a rare double carbonate of calcium and barium with the formula , sometimes with some strontium. Barytocalcite and paralstonite have the same formula but differe ...
; 40 Olekminskite, 40 Paralstonite; 45
Barytocalcite Barytocalcite is an anhydrous barium calcium carbonate mineral with the chemical formula Ba Ca( C O3)2. It is trimorphous with alstonite and paralstonite, that is to say the three minerals have the same formula but different structures. Baryte ...
, 50 Carbocernaite, 55
Benstonite Benstonite is a mineral with formula Ba6Ca6Mg(CO3)13. Discovered in 1954, the mineral was described in 1961 and named after Orlando J. Benston (1901–1966). Description and occurrence Benstonite is translucent and white, pale yellow, or pale ...
, 60 Juangodoyite ** 05.AC Alkali and alkali-earth carbonates: 05 Eitelite, 10
Nyerereite Nyerereite is a very rare sodium calcium carbonate mineral with formula Na2 Ca( C O3)2. It forms colorless, platey pseudohexagonal orthorhombic crystals that are typically twinned. It has a specific gravity of 2.54 and indices of refraction of n ...
, 10 Natrofairchildite, 10 Zemkorite; 15 Butschliite, 20 Fairchildite, 25
Shortite Shortite is a sodium-calcium carbonate mineral, with the chemical formula Na2Ca2(CO3)3. It was discovered by J. J. Fahey in well cuttings from the Green River Formation, Sweetwater County, Wyoming, US, and was named to honor Maxwell N. Short ( ...
; 30 Sanromanite, 30 Burbankite, 30 Calcioburbankite, 30 Khanneshite ** 05.AD With rare-earth elements (REE): 05 Sahamalite-(Ce); 15 Rémondite-(Ce), 15 Petersenite-(Ce), 15 Rémondite-(La); 20 Paratooite-(La) * 05.B Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O ** 05.BA With Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Mg, Mn: 05
Azurite Azurite is a soft, deep-blue copper mineral produced by weathering of copper ore deposits. During the early 19th century, it was also known as chessylite, after the type locality at Chessy-les-Mines near Lyon, France. The mineral, a basic ca ...
, 10
Chukanovite Chukanovite is an iron(II) hydroxide- carbonate mineral with the ideal chemical formula Fe+22(CO3)(OH)2. It is a member of the rosasite mineral group and crystalizes in the monoclinic crystal system. Upon initial crystallization, it is typically ...
, 10
Malachite Malachite is a copper carbonate hydroxide mineral, with the formula Cu2CO3(OH)2. This opaque, green-banded mineral crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system, and most often forms botryoidal, fibrous, or stalagmitic masses, in fractures ...
, 10 Georgeite, 10 Pokrovskite, 10 Nullaginite, 10 Glaukosphaerite, 10 Mcguinnessite, 10 Kolwezite, 10
Rosasite Rosasite is a carbonate mineral with minor potential for use as a zinc and copper ore. Chemically, it is a copper zinc carbonate hydroxide with a copper to zinc ratio of 3:2, occurring in the secondary oxidation zone of copper-zinc deposits. It w ...
, 10 Zincrosasite; 15
Aurichalcite Aurichalcite is a carbonate mineral, usually found as a secondary mineral in copper and zinc deposits. Its chemical formula is . The zinc to copper ratio is about 5:4. Occurrence Aurichalcite typically occurs in the oxidized zone of copper and z ...
, 15
Hydrozincite Hydrozincite, also known as zinc bloom or marionite, is a white carbonate mineral consisting of Zn5( CO3)2( OH)6. It is usually found in massive rather than crystalline form. It occurs as an oxidation product of zinc ores and as post mine incru ...
; 20 Holdawayite, 25 Defernite; 30 Loseyite, 30 Sclarite ** 05.BB With alkalies, etc.: 05 Barentsite, 10
Dawsonite Dawsonite is a mineral composed of sodium aluminium carbonate hydroxide, chemical formula NaAlCO3(OH)2. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system. It is not mined for ore. It was discovered in 1874 during the construction of the Redpath ...
, 15 Tunisite, 20
Sabinaite Sabinaite ( Na4 Zr2 Ti O4( CO3)4) is a rare carbonate mineral. It crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system as colorless to white prisms within cavities. It is more typically found as powdery coatings and masses. It has a specific gravity of 3 ...
** 05.BC With alkali-earth cations: 05 Brenkite, 10 Rouvilleite, 15 Podlesnoite ** 05.BD With rare-earth elements (REE): 05 Cordylite-(Ce), 05 Lukechangite-(Ce); 10
Kukharenkoite Kukharenkoite-(Ce) is a barium cerium fluoride carbonate mineral, formula Ba2CeF(CO3)3. It was identified from samples found in the Mont-Saint-Hilaire alkaline intrusive complex, Quebec, and the Khibiny Massif, Kola peninsula, Russia. It was na ...
-(La), 10 Kukharenkoite-(Ce), 10 Zhonghuacerite-(Ce); 15 Cebaite-(Nd), 15 Cebaite-(Ce); 20a Bastnasite-(Ce), 20a Bastnasite-(La), 20a Bastnasite-(Y), 20a Hydroxylbastnasite-(Ce), 20a Hydroxylbastnasite-(La), 20a Hydroxylbastnasite-(Nd), 20a Thorbastnasite, 20b
Parisite Parisite is a rare mineral consisting of cerium, lanthanum and calcium fluoro-carbonate, . Parisite is mostly parisite-(Ce), but when neodymium is present in the structure the mineral becomes parisite-(Nd). It is found only as crystals, which be ...
-(Nd), 20b Parisite-(Ce), 20c
Synchysite Synchysite is a group of carbonate minerals. The three isostructural chemical end members are synchysite-(Ce), synchysite-(Nd) and synchysite-(Y). Huanghoite-(Ce) belongs to the group, but has a different symmetry and calcium is replaced by bar ...
-(Ce), 20c Synchysite-(Nd), 20c Synchysite-(Y), 20d Rontgenite-(Ce); 25 Horvathite-(Y), 30 Qaqarssukite-(Ce), 35 Huanghoite-(Ce) ** 05.BE With Pb, Bi: 05 Shannonite, 10
Hydrocerussite White lead is the basic lead carbonate 2PbCO3·Pb(OH)2. It is a complex salt, containing both carbonate and hydroxide ions. White lead occurs naturally as a mineral, in which context it is known as hydrocerussite, a hydrate of cerussite. It was ...
, 15 Plumbonacrite, 20
Phosgenite Phosgenite is a rare mineral consisting of lead chlorocarbonate, (PbCl)2CO3. The tetragonal crystals are prismatic or tabular in habit: they are usually colorless and transparent, and have a brilliant adamantine lustre. Sometimes the crystals hav ...
, 25
Bismutite Bismutite or bismuthite is a bismuth carbonate mineral with formula Bi2(CO3)O2 (bismuth subcarbonate). Bismutite occurs as an oxidation product of other bismuth minerals such as bismuthinite and native bismuth in hydrothermal veins and pegmatite ...
, 30 Kettnerite, 35 Beyerite ** 05.BF With (Cl), SO4, PO4, TeO3: 05
Northupite Northupite is an uncommon evaporite mineral, with the chemical formula Na3Mg(CO3)2Cl. It occurs as colourless to dark grey or brown octahedral crystals and as globular masses. In synthetic material it forms a series with tychite (Na6Mg2(CO3)4SO4 ...
, 05 Ferrotychite, 05 Manganotychite, 05 Tychite; 10 Bonshtedtite, 10 Crawfordite, 10 Bradleyitev, 10 Sidorenkite, 15 Daqingshanite-(Ce), 20
Reederite-(Y) Reederite-(Y) is a rare mineral with the formula . It is the only known mineral with fluorosulfate ( fluorosulfonate). "REE" in the formula stands for rare earth elements other than yttrium, that is mostly cerium, with traces of neodymium, dysprosi ...
, 25 Mineevite-(Y), 30
Brianyoungite Brianyoungite is a secondary zinc carbonate mineral. The Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) classifies it as a carbonate with the formula , but sulfate groups SO ...
, 35 Philolithite; 40 Macphersonitev, 40
Susannite Susannite is a lead sulfate carbonate hydroxide mineral. It has the formula Pb4SO4(CO3)2(OH)2. Susannite is the higher temperature phase of the two and forms above 80 °C when fluids oxidize the lead ore deposits. It is trimorphous with lead ...
, 40
Leadhillite Leadhillite is a lead sulfate carbonate hydroxide mineral, often associated with anglesite. It has the formula Pb4SO4(CO3)2(OH)2. Leadhillite crystallises in the monoclinic system, but develops pseudo-hexagonal forms due to crystal twinning. It ...
* 05.C Carbonates without additional anions, with H2O ** 05.CA With medium-sized cations: 05
Nesquehonite Magnesium carbonate, (archaic name magnesia alba), is an inorganic salt that is a colourless or white solid. Several hydrated and basic forms of magnesium carbonate also exist as minerals. Forms The most common magnesium carbonate forms are ...
, 10
Lansfordite Lansfordite is a hydrated magnesium carbonate mineral with composition: MgCO3·5H2O. Landsfordite was discovered in 1888 in a coal mine in Lansford, Pennsylvania. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system (space group ''P21/c'') and typically occu ...
, 15
Barringtonite Magnesium carbonate, (archaic name magnesia alba), is an inorganic salt that is a colourless or white solid. Several hydrated and basic forms of magnesium carbonate also exist as minerals. Forms The most common magnesium carbonate forms are ...
, 20
Hellyerite {{infobox mineral , name = Hellyerite , image = Hellyerite-Heazlewoodite-Zaratite-255032.jpg , imagesize = 260px , alt = , caption = Zaratite (emerald-green coating), hellyerite (powder-blue) and heazlewoodite (light b ...
** 05.CB With large cations (alkali and alkali-earth carbonates): 05
Thermonatrite Thermonatrite is a naturally occurring evaporite mineral form of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3·H2O. It was first described in 1845. Its name is from the Greek θερμός ''thermos'', "heat", plus ''natron'', because it may be a dehydration product ...
, 10 Natron, 15
Trona Trona (trisodium hydrogendicarbonate dihydrate, also sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate, Na2CO3•2NaHCO3•3H2O) is a non- marine evaporite mineral. It is mined as the primary source of sodium carbonate in the United States, where it has repla ...
, 20
Monohydrocalcite Monohydrocalcite is a mineral that is a hydrous form of calcium carbonate, CaCO3·H2O. It was formerly also known by the name hydrocalcite, which is now discredited by the IMA. It is a trigonal mineral which is white when pure. Monohydrocalcite ...
, 25
Ikaite Ikaite is the mineral name for the hexahydrate of calcium carbonate, CaCO3·6H2O. Ikaite tends to form very steep or spiky pyramidal crystals, often radially arranged, of varied sizes from thumbnail size aggregates to gigantic salient spurs. It ...
, 30 Pirssonite, 35
Gaylussite Gaylussite is a carbonate mineral, a hydrated sodium calcium carbonate, formula Na2Ca(CO3)2·5H2O. It occurs as translucent, vitreous white to grey to yellow monoclinic prismatic crystals. It is an unstable mineral which dehydrates in dry air and ...
, 40
Chalconatronite Chalconatronite is a carbonate mineral and rare secondary copper mineral that contains copper, sodium, carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, its chemical formula is Na2Cu(CO3)2•3(H2O). Chalconatronite is partially soluble in water, and only decomposes, ...
, 45 Baylissite, 50 Tuliokite ** 05.CC With rare-earth elements (REE): 05
Donnayite-(Y) Donnayite-(Y) is a rare-earth carbonate mineral containing the rare-earth metal yttrium. It was first discovered in 1978 at Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec. Donnayite was subsequently identified and named after Joseph D. H. Donnay and his wife, Gabri ...
, 05
Mckelveyite Mckelveyite-(Y) is a hydrated sodium, barium, yttrium, and uranium–containing carbonate mineral, with the chemical formula Ba3Na(Ca,U)Y(CO3)6·3H2O. Occurrence It was first described in 1965 from deposits in the Green River Formation, Swe ...
-(Nd)*, 05 Mckelveyite-(Y), 05
Weloganite Weloganite is a rare carbonate mineral with formula: It was discovered by Canadian government mineralogist Ann P. Sabina in 1967 and named for Canadian geologist Sir William Edmond Logan (1798–1875). It was first discovered in Francon Quarr ...
; 10 Tengerite-(Y), 15 Lokkaite-(Y); 20 Shomiokite-(Y), 20 IMA2008-069; 25 Calkinsite-(Ce), 25
Lanthanite Lanthanites are a group of isostructural rare earth element (REE) carbonate minerals. This group comprises the minerals lanthanite-(La), lanthanite-(Ce), and lanthanite-(Nd). This mineral group has the general chemical formula of (''REE'')2(CO3)3� ...
-(Ce), 25 Lanthanite-(La), 25 Lanthanite-(Nd); 30
Adamsite-(Y) Adamsite-(Y) (previously IMA 1999-020), chemical formula NaY(CO3)2·6H2O is a mineral of sodium, yttrium, carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. It is named after Frank Dawson Adams (1859–1942), professor of geology, McGill University. Its Mohs scale ...
, 35 Decrespignyite-(Y), 40 Galgenbergite-(Ce), 45 Ewaldite, 50 Kimuraite-(Y) * 05.D Carbonates with additional anions, with H2O ** 05.DA With medium-sized cations: 05
Dypingite Dypingite is a hydrated magnesium carbonate mineral with the formula: Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·5H2O. Its type locality is the Dypingdal serpentine-magnesite deposit, Snarum, Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic count ...
, 05 Giorgiosite, 05
Hydromagnesite Hydromagnesite is a hydrated magnesium carbonate mineral with the formula Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O. It generally occurs associated with the weathering products of magnesium containing minerals such as serpentine or brucite. It occurs as incrustations ...
, 05
Widgiemoolthalite Widgiemoolthalite is a rare hydrated nickel(II) carbonate mineral with the chemical formula . Usually bluish-green in color, it is a brittle mineral formed during the weathering of nickel sulfide. Present on gaspéite surfaces, widgiemoolthalit ...
; 10
Artinite Artinite is a hydrated magnesium carbonate mineral with formula: Mg2(CO3)(OH)2·3H2O. It forms white silky monoclinic prismatic crystals that are often in radial arrays or encrustations. It has a Mohs hardness of 2.5 and a specific gravity of 2. ...
, 10 Chlorartinite; 15 Otwayite, 20
Kambaldaite Kambaldaite, NaNi4(CO3)3(OH)3·3H2O, is an extremely rare hydrated sodium nickel carbonate mineral described from gossanous material associated with Kambalda type komatiitic nickel ore deposits at Kambalda, Western Australia, and Widgie Townsite ...
, 25 Callaghanite, 30 Claraite; 35 Hydroscarbroite, 35 Scarbroite; 40 Charmarite-3T, 40 Charmarite-2H, 40 Caresite, 40
Quintinite Quintinite is a carbonate mineral with the chemical formula Mg4Al2(OH)12CO3⋅3H2O. The mineral was named after Quintin Wight of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (b. 1935), who was a significant contributor to mineral studies at Mont Saint-Hilaire. Quint ...
-2H, 40 Quintinite-3T; 45 Brugnatellite, 45
Barbertonite Barbertonite is a magnesium chromium carbonate mineral with formula of . It is polymorphous with the mineral stichtite and, along with stichtite, is an alteration product of chromite in serpentinite. Barbertonite has a close association with sti ...
, 45 Chlormagaluminite, 45
Zaccagnaite Zaccagnaite is a mineral, with a formula Zn4 Al2 C O3(O H)12·3 H2O. It occurs as white hexagonal crystals associated with calcite in cavites in Carrara marble of the Italian Alps and is thought to have formed by hydrothermal alteration of sphaleri ...
, 45 Manasseite, 45 Sjogrenite; 50 Desautelsite, 50 Comblainite, 50
Hydrotalcite Hydrotalcite or formerly also Völknerite is a layered double hydroxide (LDH) of general formula ·4, whose name is derived from its resemblance with talc and its high water content. Multiple structures containing loosely bound carbonate ions exi ...
, 50 Pyroaurite, 50 Reevesite, 50
Stichtite Stichtite is a mineral, a carbonate of chromium and magnesium; formula Mg6 Cr2 C O3(O H)16·4 H2O. Its colour ranges from pink through lilac to a rich purple colour. It is formed as an alteration product of chromite containing serpentine. I ...
, 50 Takovite; 55 Coalingite, 60 Karchevskyite, 65 Indigirite, 70
Zaratite Zaratite is a bright emerald green nickel carbonate mineral with formula Ni3CO3(OH)4·4H2O. Zaratite crystallizes in the isometric crystal system as massive to mammillary encrustations and vein fillings. It has a specific gravity of 2.6 and a Moh ...
** 05.DB With large and medium-sized cations: 05 Alumohydrocalcite, 05 Para-alumohydrocalcite, 05 Nasledovite; 10
Dresserite Dresserite is a mineral of the dresserite group, named in honor of John Alexander Dresser, geologist. It was approved by the IMA in 1968, but only a year after was it published. The rare mineral can only be found in Francon quarry, Canada. The qua ...
, 10
Dundasite Dundasite is a rare lead aluminium carbonate mineral. The mineral is named after the type locality, Dundas, Tasmania, Australia. The mineral was first discovered in the Adelaide Proprietary Mine. Dundasite was first described by William Frederi ...
, 10 Strontiodresserite, 10 Petterdite, 10 Kochsandorite; 15 Hydrodresserite, 20 Schuilingite-(Nd), 25 Sergeevite, 30 Szymanskiite, 35 Montroyalite ** 05.DC With large cations: 05
Ancylite Ancylite is a group of hydrous strontium carbonate minerals containing cerium, lanthanum and minor amounts of other rare-earth elements. The chemical formula is with ancylite-Ce enriched in cerium and ancylite-La in lanthanum.http://webmineral.c ...
-(Ce), 05 Ancylite-(La), 05 Gysinite-(Nd), 05 Calcioancylite-(Ce), 05 Calcioancylite-(Nd), 05 Kozoite-(La), 05 Kozoite-(Nd); 10 Kamphaugite-(Y), 15
Sheldrickite Sheldrickite is a sodium calcium carbonate fluoride mineral, named in honor of George M. Sheldrick, former Professor of Crystallography at the University of Göttingen in Germany. Sheldrick is the creator of SHELLX computer program widely used fo ...
, 20 Thomasclarkite-(Y), 25 Peterbaylissite, 30
Clearcreekite Clearcreekite is a carbonate mineral, polymorphous with peterbaylissite. The chemical formula of clearcreekite is Hg1+3CO3(OH)∙2H2O. It has a pale greenish yellow color and streak with tabular subhedral crystals and good cleavage on . It is ...
, 35 Niveolanite * 05.E Uranyl carbonates ** 05.EA UO2:CO3 > 1:1: 10 Urancalcarite, 15
Wyartite Wyartite ·7H2O is a uranium bearing mineral named after Jean Wyart (1902–1992), mineralogist at the Sorbonne, Paris. It has greenish-black, black, or violet-black, translucent to opaque orthorhombic crystals. A hardness of 3 - 4 Mohs. Its othe ...
, 20 Oswaldpeetersite, 25 Roubaultite, 30 Kamotoite-(Y), 35 Sharpite ** 05.EB UO2:CO3 = 1:1: 05
Rutherfordine Rutherfordine is a mineral containing almost pure uranyl carbonate ( U O2 CO3). It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system in translucent lathlike, elongated, commonly radiating in fibrous, and in pulverulent, earthy to very fine-grained dense ma ...
, 10 Blatonite, 15 Joliotite, 20
Bijvoetite-(Y) Bijvoetite-(Y) is a very rare rare-earth and uranium mineralDeliens, M., and Piret, P., 1982. Bijvoetite et lepersonnite, carbonates hydrates d'uranyle et des terres rares de Shinkolobwe, Zaïre. Canadian Mineralogist 20, 231-238 with the formula ...
** 05.EC UO2:CO3 < 1:1 - 1:2: 05 Fontanite; 10 Metazellerite, 10
Zellerite Zellerite is a uranium mineral, named after its discoverer, geologist Howard Davis Zeller. It has a type locality of the Lucky MC uranium mine in Wyoming, USA. It was approved by the IMA in 1965, but was first published a year after its approval ...
** 05.ED UO2:CO3 = 1:3: 05
Bayleyite Bayleyite is a uranium carbonate mineral with the chemical formula: Mg2(UO2)(CO3)3·18(H2O). It is a secondary mineral which contains magnesium, uranium and carbon. It is a bright yellow color. Its crystal habit is acicular but is more commonly f ...
, 10 Swartzite, 15
Albrechtschraufite Albrechtschraufite ( IMA symbol: Asf) is a very rare complex hydrated calcium and magnesium-bearing uranyl fluoride carbonate mineral with formula Ca4Mg(UO2)2(CO3)6F2·17H2O. Its molar weight is 1,428.98 g, color yellow-green, streak white, densit ...
, 20
Liebigite Liebigite is a uranium carbonate mineral with the chemical formula: Ca2(UO2)(CO3)3·11H2O. It is a secondary mineral occurring in the oxidizing zone of uranium-bearing ores. It is green to yellow green in colour. It has a Mohs hardness of about ...
, 25 Rabbittite, 30
Andersonite Andersonite, Na2Ca(UO2)(CO3)3·6H2O, or hydrated sodium calcium uranyl carbonate is a rare uranium carbonate mineral that was first described in 1948. Named after Charles Alfred Anderson (1902–1990) of the United States Geological Survey, who ...
, 35 Grimselite, 40 Widenmannite, 45
Znucalite Znucalite or CaZn11(UO2)(CO3)3(OH)20·4(H2O) is a rare, radioactive, white to pale cream colored uranium-containing carbonate mineral, hydrated calcium zinc uranyl carbonate hydroxide. Znucalite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, often formi ...
, 50 Cejkaite ** 05.EE UO2:CO3 = 1:4: 05 Voglite, 10 Shabaite-(Nd) ** 05.EF UO2:CO3 = 1:5: 05 Astrocyanite-(Ce) ** 05.EG With SO4 or SiO4: 05 Schrockingerite, 10
Lepersonnite-(Gd) Lepersonnite-(Gd) is a very rare rare-earth and uranium mineral with the chemical formula . It occurs associated with bijvoetite-(Y) in the Shinkolobwe deposit in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, famous for rare uranium minerals. Lepersonnite ...


Class: nitrates

* 05.N Nitrates ** 05.NA Without OH or H2O: 05
Nitratine Nitratine or nitratite, also known as cubic niter (UK: nitre), soda niter or Chile saltpeter (UK: Chile saltpetre), is a mineral, the naturally occurring form of sodium nitrate, NaNO3. Chemically it is the sodium analogue of saltpeter. Nitratine ...
, 10
Niter Niter or nitre is the mineral form of potassium nitrate, KNO3. It is a soft, white, highly soluble mineral found primarily in arid climates or cave deposits. Historically, the term ''niter'' was not well differentiated from natron, both of ...
, 15
Gwihabaite Gwihabaite is a rare ammonium potassium nitrate mineral (NH4,K)(NO3). It is orthorhombic in form, colorless with a vitreous luster. It has a Mohs hardness of 5 and a specific gravity of 1.77. It is deliquescent and water-soluble. The mineral is als ...
, 20 Nitrobarite ** 05.NB With OH: 05
Gerhardtite Copper(II) nitrate describes any member of the family of inorganic compounds with the formula Cu( NO3)2(H2O)x. The hydrates are blue solids. Anhydrous copper nitrate forms blue-green crystals and sublimes in a vacuum at 150-200 °C. Common hy ...
, 05 Rouaite ** 05.NC With H2O: 05
Nitromagnesite Magnesium nitrate refers to inorganic compounds with the formula Mg(NO3)2(H2O)x, where x = 6, 2, and 0. All are white solids. The anhydrous material is hygroscopic, quickly forming the hexahydrate upon standing in air. All of the salts are ver ...
, 10
Nitrocalcite Calcium nitrate, also called ''Norgessalpeter'' (Norwegian salpeter), is an inorganic compound with the formula Ca(NO3)2(H2O)x. The anhydrous compound, which is rarely encountered, absorbs moisture from the air to give the tetrahydrate. Both anhy ...
** 05.ND With OH (etc.) and H2O: 05 Likasite, 10 Mbobomkulite, 15 Hydrombobomkulite, 20 Sveite


References

* Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis, 1985, Manual of Mineralogy, 20th ed., *


External links

* {{Strunz ja:炭酸塩#炭酸塩鉱物