The bulbospongiosus muscle (bulbocavernosus in older texts) is one of the superficial
muscle
Skeletal muscles (commonly referred to as muscles) are organs of the vertebrate muscular system and typically are attached by tendons to bones of a skeleton. The muscle cells of skeletal muscles are much longer than in the other types of mus ...
s of the
perineum
The perineum in humans is the space between the anus and scrotum in the male, or between the anus and the vulva in the female. The perineum is the region of the body between the pubic symphysis (pubic arch) and the coccyx (tail bone), includi ...
. It has a slightly different origin, insertion and function in males and females. In males, it covers the
bulb of the penis. In females, it covers the
vestibular bulb.
In both sexes, it is innervated by the deep or muscular branch of the
perineal nerve, which is a branch of the
pudendal nerve
The pudendal nerve is the main nerve of the perineum. It carries sensation from the external genitalia of both sexes and the skin around the anus and perineum, as well as the motor supply to various pelvic muscles, including the male or fem ...
.
Structure
In males, the bulbospongiosus is located in the middle line of the perineum, in front of the
anus
The anus (Latin, 'ring' or 'circle') is an opening at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to control the expulsion of feces, the residual semi-solid waste that remains after food digestion, which, ...
. It consists of two symmetrical parts, united along the median line by a tendinous
perineal raphe
The perineal raphe is a visible line or ridge of tissue on the body that extends from the anus through the perineum to scrotum (male) or labia majora (female). It is found in both males and females, arises from the fusion of the urogenital folds, a ...
. It arises from the central tendinous point of the perineum and from the median perineal raphe in front.
In females, there is no union, nor a tendinous
perineal raphe
The perineal raphe is a visible line or ridge of tissue on the body that extends from the anus through the perineum to scrotum (male) or labia majora (female). It is found in both males and females, arises from the fusion of the urogenital folds, a ...
; the parts are disjoint primarily and arise from the same central tendinous point of the perineum, which is the tendon that is formed at the point where the bulbospongiosus muscle, superficial
transverse perineal muscle, and external anal sphincter muscle converge to form this major
supportive structure of vagina and other organs, and from the clitoris in front.
Fibers
Its fibers diverge; the most posterior form a thin layer, which is lost on the inferior fascia of the
urogenital diaphragm; the middle fibers encircle the bulb and adjacent parts, of the
corpus cavernosum urethrae, and join with the fibers of the opposite side, on the upper part of the corpus cavernosum urethrae, in a strong
aponeurosis
An aponeurosis (; plural: ''aponeuroses'') is a type or a variant of the deep fascia, in the form of a sheet of pearly-white fibrous tissue that attaches sheet-like muscles needing a wide area of attachment. Their primary function is to join muscl ...
; the anterior fibers, spread out over the side of the corpus cavernosum
penis
A penis (plural ''penises'' or ''penes'' () is the primary sexual organ that male animals use to inseminate females (or hermaphrodites) during copulation. Such organs occur in many animals, both vertebrate and invertebrate, but males d ...
, to be inserted partly into that body, anterior to the
Ischiocavernosus, occasionally extending to the pubis, and partly ending in a tendinous expansion which covers the dorsal vessels of the penis.
The latter fibers are best seen by dividing the muscle longitudinally, and reflecting it from the surface of the corpus cavernosum urethra.
Function
In males it contributes to
erection
An erection (clinically: penile erection or penile tumescence) is a physiological phenomenon in which the penis becomes firm, engorged, and enlarged. Penile erection is the result of a complex interaction of psychological, neural, vascular, a ...
, the contractions of
orgasm
Orgasm (from Greek , ; "excitement, swelling") or sexual climax is the sudden discharge of accumulated sexual excitement during the sexual response cycle, resulting in rhythmic, involuntary muscular contractions in the pelvic region chara ...
and
ejaculation
Ejaculation is the discharge of semen (the ''ejaculate''; normally containing sperm) from the male reproductory tract as a result of an orgasm. It is the final stage and natural objective of male sexual stimulation, and an essential compo ...
. In females it contributes to
clitoral erection and the contractions of orgasm, and closes the
vagina
In mammals, the vagina is the elastic, muscular part of the female genital tract. In humans, it extends from the vestibule to the cervix. The outer vaginal opening is normally partly covered by a thin layer of mucosal tissue called the hymen ...
.
This muscle serves to empty the canal of the
urethra
The urethra (from Greek οὐρήθρα – ''ourḗthrā'') is a tube that connects the urinary bladder to the urinary meatus for the removal of urine from the body of both females and males. In human females and other primates, the urethra ...
, after the bladder has expelled its contents; during the greater part of the act of
micturition its fibers are relaxed, and it only comes into action at the end of the process.
The middle fibers are supposed by
Krause
Krause (German for '' ruffle'') is a common German surname.
Geographical distribution
As of 2014, 64.9% of all known bearers of the surname ''Krause'' were residents of Germany (frequency 1:531), 20.6% of the United States (1:7,541), 3.5% of Br ...
to assist in the erection of the
corpus spongiosum, by compressing the erectile tissue of the bulb.
The anterior fibers also contribute to the erection of the penis by compressing the
deep dorsal vein of the penis as they are inserted into, and continuous with, the fascia of the penis.
Gallery
File:Gray407.png, Coronal section of anterior part of the male pelvis, through the pubic arch. Seen from in front.
File:Gray542.png, The superficial branches of the internal pudendal artery in the male.
References
*
External links
* —"Muscles of the male superficial perineal pouch."
* —"The Female Perineum: Muscles of the Superficial Perineal Pouch"
* —"The urinary bladder and the urethra as seen in a frontal section of the female pelvis."
*
*
{{Authority control
Muscles of the torso
Perineum