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''Bromelia'' is a genus of about 70 plant species widespread across
Latin America Latin America or * french: Amérique Latine, link=no * ht, Amerik Latin, link=no * pt, América Latina, link=no, name=a, sometimes referred to as LatAm is a large cultural region in the Americas where Romance languages — languages derived ...
and the
West Indies The West Indies is a subregion of North America, surrounded by the North Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea that includes 13 independent island countries and 18 dependencies and other territories in three major archipelagos: the Grea ...
.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
/ref> It is the type genus of the family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae, and its
type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen( ...
is '' B. karatas''. ''Bromelia'' species are characterized by
flower A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Angiospermae). The biological function of a flower is to facilitate reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism ...
s with a deeply cleft calyx. The genus is named after the Swedish medical doctor and botanist (1639-1705).


Species

* '' Bromelia agavifolia'' Brongniart ex Houllet - French Guiana * '' Bromelia alsodes'' H. St. John - from Sinaloa south to Nicaragua * '' Bromelia alta'' L.B. Smith - Guyana and Suriname * '' Bromelia antiacantha'' Bertoloni - Brazil, Uruguay * '' Bromelia araujoi'' P.J.Braun, Esteves & Scharf - Maranhão * '' Bromelia arenaria'' Ule - Bahia * '' Bromelia arubaiensis'' P.L. Ibisch & R. Vásquez - Bolivia * '' Bromelia auriculata'' L.B. Smith - Ceará * '' Bromelia balansae'' Mez - Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay * '' Bromelia binotii'' E. Morren ex Mez - Espírito Santo * '' Bromelia braunii'' Leme & E. Esteves - Tocantins * '' Bromelia charlesii'' P.J.Braun, Esteves & Scharf - Bahia * '' Bromelia chrysantha'' Jacquin - Venezuela, Colombia, Trinidad & Tobago * '' Bromelia dilatata'' Esteves, Hofacker & Scharf - Mato Grosso * '' Bromelia eitenorum'' L.B. Smith - Maranhão * '' Bromelia epiphytica'' L.B. Smith - Amazonas of Brazil * '' Bromelia estevesii'' Leme - Piauí * '' Bromelia exigua'' Mez - Goiás * '' Bromelia flemingii'' I. Ramírez & Carnevali - Aragua of Veenzuela * '' Bromelia fosteriana'' L.B. Smith - Suriname * '' Bromelia fragilis'' L.B. Smith - Colombia * '' Bromelia glaziovii'' Mez - Minas Gerais and Goiás * '' Bromelia goeldiana'' L.B. Smith - Venezuela and Brazil * '' Bromelia goyazensis'' Mez - Goiás * '' Bromelia grandiflora'' Mez - Brazil * '' Bromelia granvillei'' L.B. Smith & Gouda - French Guiana * '' Bromelia gurkeniana'' E. Pereira & Moutinho ** var. ''funchiana'' E. Pereira & Leme -Bahia ** var. ''gurkeniana'' - Pará * '' Bromelia hemisphaerica'' Lam. - from Guanajuato south to Panama * '' Bromelia hieronymi'' Mez - Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina * '' Bromelia horstii'' Rauh - Mato Grosso * '' Bromelia humilis'' Jacquin - Venezuela, Trinidad & Tobago, Netherlands Antilles * '' Bromelia ignaciana'' R. Vásquez & P.L. Ibisch - Bolivia * '' Bromelia interior'' L.B. Smith - Brazil * '' Bromelia irwinii'' L.B. Smith - Goiás * '' Bromelia karatas'' Linnaeus - West Indies; Latin America from San Luis Potosí + Sinaloa south to Brazil * '' Bromelia laciniosa'' Martius ex Schultes f. - Brazil + Argentina * '' Bromelia lagopus'' Mez - Brazil * '' Bromelia legrellae'' (E. Morren) Mez - Pará * '' Bromelia lindevaldae'' Leme & E. Esteves - Bahia * '' Bromelia macedoi'' L.B. Smith - Goiás * '' Bromelia michaelii'' Esteves, Hofacker & Scharf - Goiás * '' Bromelia minima'' Leme & E. Esteves - Goiás * '' Bromelia morreniana'' (Regel) Mez - northern Brazil * '' Bromelia nidus-puellae'' (André) André ex Mez - Colombia * '' Bromelia oliveirae'' L.B. Smith - Pará * '' Bromelia palmeri'' Mez - from Colima south to Oaxaca * '' Bromelia pinguin'' Linnaeus - West Indies; from Mexico to Ecuador and Suriname; naturalized in Florida * '' Bromelia poeppigii'' Mez - Peru * '' Bromelia redoutei'' (Baker) L.B. Smith - described 1889; origin unknown; probably extinct * '' Bromelia regnellii'' Mez - Brazil * '' Bromelia reversacantha'' Mez - Goiás * '' Bromelia rondoniana'' L.B. Smith - Rondônia * '' Bromelia scarlatina'' (hortus ex Hérincq) E. Morren - Ecuador + Brazil * '' Bromelia serra'' Grisebach - Brazil, French Guiana, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina * '' Bromelia superba'' Mez - Jamaica * '' Bromelia sylvicola'' S. Moore - Mato Grosso * '' Bromelia tarapotina'' Ule - Peru * '' Bromelia trianae'' Mez - Colombia * '' Bromelia tubulosa'' L.B. Smith - Venezuela + Brazil * '' Bromelia unaensis'' Leme & Scharf - Bahia * '' Bromelia urbaniana'' (Mez) L.B.Sm. - Paraguay + Argentina * '' Bromelia villosa'' Mez - Bolivia + Brazil


Cultivation and uses

The resistant
fiber Fiber or fibre (from la, fibra, links=no) is a natural or artificial substance that is significantly longer than it is wide. Fibers are often used in the manufacture of other materials. The strongest engineering materials often incorpora ...
obtained from ''B. serra'' and ''B. hieronymi'', both known as chaguar, is an essential component of the economy of the Wichí tribe in the semi-arid
Gran Chaco The Gran Chaco or Dry Chaco is a sparsely populated, hot and semiarid lowland natural region of the Río de la Plata basin, divided among eastern Bolivia, western Paraguay, northern Argentina, and a portion of the Brazilian states of Mato Gros ...
region of
Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...
. An 1841 publication described the fiber of silk grass ('' Bromelia karata'') as "equal in durability to our best bowstrings."


References


External links


List of Species at FCBS

BSI Genera Gallery
photos Bromeliaceae genera {{Bromelioideae-stub