The basilar artery () is one of the
arteries
An artery (plural arteries) () is a blood vessel in humans and most animals that takes blood away from the heart to one or more parts of the body (tissues, lungs, brain etc.). Most arteries carry oxygenated blood; the two exceptions are the pu ...
that supplies the
brain
A brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. It is located in the head, usually close to the sensory organs for senses such as vision. It is the most complex organ in a ve ...
with oxygen-rich blood.
The two
vertebral arteries
The vertebral arteries are major arteries of the neck. Typically, the vertebral arteries originate from the subclavian arteries. Each vessel courses superiorly along each side of the neck, merging within the skull to form the single, midline ...
and the basilar artery are known as the vertebral basilar system, which supplies blood to the posterior part of the
circle of Willis
The circle of Willis (also called Willis' circle, loop of Willis, cerebral arterial circle, and Willis polygon) is a circulatory anastomosis that supplies blood to the brain and surrounding structures in reptiles, birds and mammals, including huma ...
and joins with blood supplied to the anterior part of the circle of Willis from the
internal carotid arteries
The internal carotid artery (Latin: arteria carotis interna) is an artery in the neck which supplies the anterior circulation of the brain. In human anatomy, the internal and external carotids arise from the common carotid arteries, where these ...
.
Structure
The basilar artery arises from the union of the two
vertebral arteries
The vertebral arteries are major arteries of the neck. Typically, the vertebral arteries originate from the subclavian arteries. Each vessel courses superiorly along each side of the neck, merging within the skull to form the single, midline ...
at the junction between the
medulla oblongata and the
pons
The pons (from Latin , "bridge") is part of the brainstem that in humans and other bipeds lies inferior to the midbrain, superior to the medulla oblongata and anterior to the cerebellum.
The pons is also called the pons Varolii ("bridge of Va ...
between the
abducens nerves (CN VI).
The diameter of the basilar artery range from 1.5 to 6.6 mm.
It ascends superiorly in the
basilar sulcus of the ventral
pons
The pons (from Latin , "bridge") is part of the brainstem that in humans and other bipeds lies inferior to the midbrain, superior to the medulla oblongata and anterior to the cerebellum.
The pons is also called the pons Varolii ("bridge of Va ...
and divides at the junction of the midbrain and pons into the
posterior cerebral arteries.
Its branches from caudal to rostral include:
*
anterior inferior cerebellar artery
The anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) is one of three pairs of arteries that supplies blood to the cerebellum.
It arises from the basilar artery on each side at the level of the junction between the medulla oblongata and the pons in the ...
*
labyrinthine artery
The labyrinthine artery (auditory artery, internal auditory artery) is a branch of either the anterior inferior cerebellar artery or the basilar artery. It accompanies the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) through the internal acoustic meatus. ...
(<15% of people, usually branches from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery)
*
pontine arteries
The pontine arteries are a number of small arteries which come off at right angles from either side of the basilar artery and supply the pons and adjacent parts of the brain. The pontine arteries include the paramedian arteries
The paramedian arte ...
*
superior cerebellar artery
Clinical relevance
A basilar artery stroke classically leads to
locked-in syndrome
Locked-in syndrome (LIS), also known as pseudocoma, is a condition in which a patient is aware but cannot move or communicate verbally due to complete paralysis of nearly all voluntary muscles in the body except for vertical eye movements and bli ...
.
Additional images
File:Gray513.png, The internal carotid and vertebral arteries (Right side view)
File:Circle of Willis 6.jpg, Basilar artery
File:Sobo 1909 3 548.png, The arteries of the base of the brain. Basilar artery labeled below center. The temporal pole of the cerebrum
The cerebrum, telencephalon or endbrain is the largest part of the brain containing the cerebral cortex (of the two cerebral hemispheres), as well as several subcortical structures, including the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulb ...
and the cerebellar
The cerebellum (Latin for "little brain") is a major feature of the hindbrain of all vertebrates. Although usually smaller than the cerebrum, in some animals such as the mormyrid fishes it may be as large as or even larger. In humans, the cereb ...
hemisphere have been removed on the right side. Inferior aspect (viewed from below).
References
External links
Basilar Artery at neuroangio.org* - "Cranial Fossae: Arteries, Inferior Surface of the Brain"
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{{Authority control
Arteries of the head and neck