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The transverse plane (also known as the horizontal plane, axial plane and transaxial plane) is an
* The transverse ''
anatomical plane
An anatomical plane is a hypothetical plane used to transect the body, in order to describe the location of structures or the direction of movements. In human and animal anatomy, three principal planes are used:
* The sagittal plane or latera ...
that divides the body into superior and inferior sections. It is perpendicular to the coronal and sagittal
The sagittal plane (; also known as the longitudinal plane) is an anatomical plane that divides the body into right and left sections. It is perpendicular to the transverse and coronal planes. The plane may be in the center of the body and divid ...
planes.
List of clinically relevant anatomical planes
* Transverse ''thoracic plane
The mediastinum (from ) is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. Surrounded by loose connective tissue, it is an undelineated region that contains a group of structures within the thorax, namely the heart and its vessels, the esopha ...
''
* '' Xiphosternal plane'' (or xiphosternal junction)
* ''Transpyloric plane
The transpyloric plane, also known as Addison's plane, is an imaginary horizontal plane, located halfway between the suprasternal notch of the manubrium and the upper border of the symphysis pubis at the level of the first lumbar vertebrae, L1. It ...
''
* ''Subcostal plane
The subcostal plane is a transverse plane which bisects the body at the level of the 10th costal margin and the vertebra
The spinal column, a defining synapomorphy shared by nearly all vertebrates,Hagfish are believed to have secondarily los ...
''
* '' Umbilical plane'' (or transumbilical plane)
* '' Supracristal plane''
* '' Intertubercular plane'' (or transtubercular plane)
* '' Interspinous plane''
Clinically relevant anatomical planes with associated structures
* The transverse ''thoracic plane
The mediastinum (from ) is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. Surrounded by loose connective tissue, it is an undelineated region that contains a group of structures within the thorax, namely the heart and its vessels, the esopha ...
''
** Plane through T4 & T5 vertebral junction and sternal angle of Louis.
** Marks the:
*** Attachment of costal cartilage of rib 2 at the sternal angle;
*** Aortic arch
The aortic arch, arch of the aorta, or transverse aortic arch () is the part of the aorta between the ascending and descending aorta. The arch travels backward, so that it ultimately runs to the left of the trachea.
Structure
The aorta begins a ...
(beginning and end);
*** Upper margin of SVC SVC or .svc may refer to:
Biology
* Spring viraemia of carp, a disease of fish
* Superior vena cava, a heart vein
Colleges
* Saginaw Valley College, now Saginaw Valley State University, Michigan, US
* School of Visual Concepts, Seattle, W ...
;
*** Thoracic duct
In human anatomy, the thoracic duct is the larger of the two lymph ducts of the lymphatic system. It is also known as the ''left lymphatic duct'', ''alimentary duct'', ''chyliferous duct'', and ''Van Hoorne's canal''. The other duct is the right ...
crossing;
*** Tracheal bifurcation;
*** Pulmonary trunk
A pulmonary artery is an artery in the pulmonary circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. The largest pulmonary artery is the ''main pulmonary artery'' or ''pulmonary trunk'' from the heart, and ...
bifurcation;
* The '' xiphosternal plane'' (a.k.a. xiphosternal junction)
** Anterior, inferior limit of thoracic cavity
The thoracic cavity (or chest cavity) is the chamber of the body of vertebrates that is protected by the thoracic wall (rib cage and associated skin, muscle, and fascia). The central compartment of the thoracic cavity is the mediastinum. There ...
;
** Marks the:
*** Superior surface of the liver
The liver is a major organ only found in vertebrates which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the synthesis of proteins and biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth. In humans, it i ...
;
*** Respiratory diaphragm;
*** Inferior border of the heart
The heart is a muscular organ in most animals. This organ pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The pumped blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the body, while carrying metabolic waste such as carbon dioxide to ...
;
* The ''transpyloric plane
The transpyloric plane, also known as Addison's plane, is an imaginary horizontal plane, located halfway between the suprasternal notch of the manubrium and the upper border of the symphysis pubis at the level of the first lumbar vertebrae, L1. It ...
''
** Plane located halfway between the jugular notch and the upper border of the symphysis pubis;
** Typically located at the lower border of L1;
** Cuts through the pylorus
The pylorus ( or ), or pyloric part, connects the stomach to the duodenum. The pylorus is considered as having two parts, the ''pyloric antrum'' (opening to the body of the stomach) and the ''pyloric canal'' (opening to the duodenum). The ''pylori ...
and the tips of the ninth costal cartilages
The costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. Costal cartilage is only found at the anterior ends of the ribs, providing medial extension.
...
;
* The ''subcostal plane
The subcostal plane is a transverse plane which bisects the body at the level of the 10th costal margin and the vertebra
The spinal column, a defining synapomorphy shared by nearly all vertebrates,Hagfish are believed to have secondarily los ...
''
** Transverse plane through the inferior border of costal margin
The costal margin, also known as the costal arch, is the lower edge of the chest (thorax) formed by the bottom edge of the rib cage.
Structure
The costal margin is the medial margin formed by the cartilages of the seventh to tenth ribs. It attac ...
;
** Typically located at the superior border of L3, or transects L3;
* The '' umbilical plane'' (or transumbilical plane)
** Located at the level of L3/L4 vertebral junction or IV disc;
* The '' supracristal plane''
** Located at the level of L4;
** Marks bifurcation of aorta;
** Most superior aspect of iliac crest
The crest of the ilium (or iliac crest) is the superior border of the wing of ilium and the superiolateral margin of the greater pelvis.
Structure
The iliac crest stretches posteriorly from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the posteri ...
;
* The '' intertubercular plane'' (a.k.a. Transtubercular plane)
** Located at the level of L5;
** Marks origin of IVC;
* The '' interspinous plane''
** Transverse plane which transverses the anterior superior iliac spine The ilium is a bone of the pelvic girdle with four bony projections, each serving as attachment points for muscles and ligaments:
* Anterior superior iliac spine
* Anterior inferior iliac spine
* Posterior superior iliac spine
The posterior bo ...
s.
** Typically located at the level of S1.
See also
*Anatomical terms of location
Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position pro ...
* Horizontal plane
In astronomy, geography, and related sciences and contexts, a '' direction'' or '' plane'' passing by a given point is said to be vertical if it contains the local gravity direction at that point.
Conversely, a direction or plane is said to be ho ...
* Coronal plane
* Sagittal plane
The sagittal plane (; also known as the longitudinal plane) is an anatomical plane that divides the body into right and left sections. It is perpendicular to the transverse and coronal planes. The plane may be in the center of the body and divi ...
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Transverse Plane Anatomical planes Human surface anatomy