Architectural pattern

An architectural pattern is a general, reusable solution to a commonly occurring problem in software architecture within a given context. The architectural patterns address various issues in software engineering, such as computer hardware performance limitations, high availability and minimization of a business risk. Some architectural patterns have been implemented within software frameworks.

The use of the word "pattern" in the software industry was influenced by similar concepts as expressed in traditional architecture, such as Christopher Alexander's '' A Pattern Language'' (1977) which discussed the practice in terms of establishing a pattern lexicon, prompting the practitioners of computer science to contemplate their own design lexicon.

Usage of this metaphor within the software engineering profession became commonplace after the publication of ''Design Patterns'' (1994) by Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, and John Vlissides—now commonly known as the "Gang of Four"—coincident with the early years of the public Internet, marking the onset of complex software systems "eating the world" and the corresponding need to codify the rapidly sprawling world of software development at the deepest possible level, while remaining flexible and adaptive.

Architectural patterns are similar to software design patterns but have a broader scope.

Definition

Even though an architectural pattern conveys an image of a system, it is not an architecture. An architectural pattern is a concept that solves and delineates some essential cohesive elements of a software architecture. Countless different architectures may implement the same pattern and share the related characteristics. Patterns are often defined as "strictly described and commonly available".

Architectural style

Following traditional building architecture, a 'software architectural style' is a specific method of construction, characterized by the features that make it notable.

Some treat architectural patterns and architectural styles as the same, some treat styles as specializations of patterns. What they have in common is both patterns and styles are idioms for architects to use, they "provide a common language" or "vocabulary" with which to describe classes of systems.

The main difference is that a pattern can be seen as a solution to a problem, while a style is more general and does not require a problem to solve for its appearance.

Examples

Here is a list of architecture patterns, and corresponding software design patterns and solution patterns.

Some additional examples of architectural patterns:
* Blackboard system
* Broker pattern
* Event-driven architecture
* Implicit invocation
* Layers
* Hexagonal architecture
* Microservices
* Action–domain–responder,
**Model–view–controller
** Presentation–abstraction–control
** Model–view–presenter
** Model–view–viewmodel
**Model–view–adapter
* Entity component system
*Entity-control-boundary
* Multitier architecture (often three-tier or -tier)
*Object-oriented programming
* Naked objects
* Operational data store (ODS)
* Peer-to-peer
* Pipe and filter architecture
* Service-oriented architecture
* Space-based architecture
* Distributed hash table
* Publish–subscribe pattern
* Message broker
* Hierarchical model–view–controller

See also

* List of software architecture styles and patterns
* Process Driven Messaging Service
* Enterprise architecture
* Common layers in an information system logical architecture

References

Bibliography

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{{Design Patterns patterns

Software design patterns