Zaporizhzhia ( uk, Запоріжжя) or Zaporozhye (russian: Запорожье) is a city in southeast Ukraine, situated on the banks of the

Dnieper River } The Dnieper () or Dnipro (); , ; . is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. It is the longest river of Ukraine a ...

. It is the

administrative centre An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located. In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...

Zaporizhzhia Oblast Zaporizhzhia Oblast ( uk, Запорі́зька о́бласть, translit=Zaporizka oblast), also referred to as Zaporizhzhia ( uk, Запорі́жжя, links=no), is an oblast (province) of southeast Ukraine. Its capital is Zaporizhzhia. Th ...

. Zaporizhzhia has a population of Zaporizhzhia is known for the historic island of

Khortytsia Khortytsia ( uk, Хортиця, Hortycja, translit-std=ISO, ) is the largest island in the Dnieper river, and is long and up to wide. The island forms part of the Khortytsia National Park. This historic site is located within the city limit ...

, multiple

power station A power station, also referred to as a power plant and sometimes generating station or generating plant, is an industrial facility for the generation of electric power. Power stations are generally connected to an electrical grid. Many pow ...

s (including

Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant The Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Station ( uk, Запорізька атомна електростанція, translit=Zaporiz'ka atomna elektrostantsiya, russian: Запорожская атомная электростанция, Zaporozhskaya ...

(the largest

nuclear power station A nuclear power plant (NPP) is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As is typical of thermal power stations, heat is used to generate steam that drives a steam turbine connected to a generator that produces ele ...

in Europe),

Zaporizhzhia thermal power station Zaporizhzhia thermal power station is a large non-nuclear thermal power plant ( DRES) in the purpose-built city of Enerhodar in Ukraine that was built by the Soviet Union between 1971 and 1977. It is the most powerful thermal power station in Uk ...

, and

Dnieper Hydroelectric Station The Dnieper Hydroelectric Station ( uk, ДніпроГЕС, DniproHES; russian: ДнепроГЭС, DneproGES), also known as Dneprostroi Dam, in the city of Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine, is the largest hydroelectric power station on the Dnieper river ...

) and for being an important industrial centre. Steel, aluminium, aircraft engines, automobiles, transformers for substations, and other heavy industrial goods are produced in the region.

Names and etymology

Renderings of the name include: Zaporizhzhia, Zaporizhia, or Zaporizhzhya, pronounced , , from uk, Запорі́жжя, . Also ''Zaporozhye'', , from russian: Запоро́жье, ). The name ''Zaporizhzhia'' literally refers to the position of the city located "beyond the rapids" – down-river or south of the Dnieper River rapids, formerly a major impediment to navigation and the site of important

portage Portage or portaging (Canada: ; ) is the practice of carrying water craft or cargo over land, either around an obstacle in a river, or between two bodies of water. A path where items are regularly carried between bodies of water is also called a ...

s (in 1932, the rapids on the Dnieper river were flooded to become part of the reservoir of the

).Pospelov, pp. 25–26 Before it was changed in 1921, the city's name was Aleksandrovsk (russian: Алекса́ндровск ) or Oleksandrivsk ( uk, Олекса́ндрівськ ) after the name of a fortress (russian: Александровская крепость , translit= Aleksandrovskaya krepost; ) that formed a part of the of the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. The ...

History

Zaporizhzhia was founded in 1770, when the Aleksandrovskaya () Fortress was built as a part of the Dnieper Defence Line, to protect the southern territories of the Russian Empire from Crimean Tatar invasions.Я. П. Новицкий
История города Александровска, (Екатеринославской губ.) в связи с историей возникновения крепостей Днепровской линии 1770–1806 г.
– Екатеринослав: Типография Губернского Земства, 1905. – 176 с. Following the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca in 1775, the southern lands of the Russian Plain and the Crimean peninsula were absorbed into the Russian Empire. The Aleksandrovskaya Fortress then lost its military significance, and became a small rural town, which from 1806 to around 1930 was called Alexandrovsk. The opening of the Kichkas Bridge at the start of 20th century, the first rail crossing of the

Dnieper } The Dnieper () or Dnipro (); , ; . is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. It is the longest river of Ukraine and ...

, was followed the industrial growth of Zaporizhzhia .''The bridges of Zaporizhzhia'' (Мосты Запорожья)
by L. Adelberg (Адельберг Л), pub RA Tandem st, Zaporizhzhia, 2005. In 1916, during World War I, the DEKA Stock Association transferred its aircraft engine manufacturing plant from

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

to Zaporizhzhia.''Official Portal Zaporizhzhia city authorities, History'' (Офіційний портал, Запорізької міської влади, Історія міста)
, accessed 11 April 2011. During the

Russian Civil War , date = October Revolution, 7 November 1917 – Yakut revolt, 16 June 1923{{Efn, The main phase ended on 25 October 1922. Revolt against the Bolsheviks continued Basmachi movement, in Central Asia and Tungus Republic, the Far East th ...

(19181921), Zaporizhzhia was the scene of fierce fighting between the Red Army and the White armies of

Denikin Anton Ivanovich Denikin (russian: Анто́н Ива́нович Дени́кин, link= ; 16 December Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">O.S._4_December.html" ;"title="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New St ...

and Wrangel,

Petliura Symon Vasylyovych Petliura ( uk, Си́мон Васи́льович Петлю́ра; – May 25, 1926) was a Ukrainian politician and journalist. He became the Supreme Commander of the Ukrainian Army and the President of the Ukrainian People' ...

Ukrainian People's Army The Ukrainian People's Army ( uk, Армія Української Народної Республіки), also known as the Ukrainian National Army (UNA) or as a derogatory term of Russian and Soviet historiography Petliurovtsy ( uk, Пет ...

of the

Ukrainian People's Republic The Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR), or Ukrainian National Republic (UNR), was a country in Eastern Europe that existed between 1917 and 1920. It was declared following the February Revolution in Russia by the First Universal. In March 19 ...

, and German-Austrian troops. The opposing armies used the strategically important Kichkas Bridge to transfer troops, ammunition, and medical supplies. The Soviet government industrialized Zaporizhzhia still further during the 1920s and 1930s, when the

, and the Zaporizhzhia Steel Plant, and the Dnieper Aluminium Plant were built. In the 1930s, the American United Engineering and Foundry Company built a

strip mill The strip mill was a major innovation in steelmaking, with the first being erected at Ashland, Kentucky in 1923. This provided a continuous process, cutting out the need to pass the plates over the rolls and to double them, as in a pack mill. At t ...

similar to the Ford River Rouge steel mill to produce rolling steel strip. The annual capacity of the mill reached of wide steel.''The Soviet economy and the Red Army, 1930–1945'', by Walter Scott Dunn, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995 , page 13.

World War II (1941–1945)

After the outbreak of the War between the USSR and Nazi Germany in June 1941, the

Soviet government The Government of the Soviet Union ( rus, Прави́тельство СССР, p=prɐˈvʲitʲɪlʲstvə ɛs ɛs ɛs ˈɛr, r=Pravítelstvo SSSR, lang=no), formally the All-Union Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, commonly ab ...

began evacuating the city's industrial equipment to

Siberia Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r=Sibir', p=sʲɪˈbʲirʲ, a=Ru-Сибирь.ogg) is an extensive geographical region, constituting all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has been a part of ...

.The Great Patriotic War on the territory of Zaporizhzhia (Великая Отечественная война на территории Запорожья)
The Soviet security forces (

NKVD The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (russian: Наро́дный комиссариа́т вну́тренних дел, Naródnyy komissariát vnútrennikh del, ), abbreviated NKVD ( ), was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union. ...

) also shot political prisoners in the city. On 18 August 1941, elements of the German 1st Panzergruppe reached the outskirts of Zaporizhzhia on the right bank and seized the island Khortytsia. The Red Army blew a 120m x 10m hole in the Dnieper hydroelectric dam (DniproHES) at 16:00 on 18 August 1941, producing a flood wave that swept from Zaporizhzhia to Nikopol. The flood killed local residents as well as soldiers from both armies, with historians estimating the death toll to be between 20,000 and 100,000. Despite reinforcements, Zaporizhzhia was eventually taken on 3 October 1941. The German occupation of Zaporizhzhia lasted for 2 years and 10 days; during this time, the Germans shot over 35,000 people and sent 58,000 people to Germany for forced labour. When the Germans reformed

Army Group South Army Group South (german: Heeresgruppe Süd) was the name of three German Army Groups during World War II. It was first used in the 1939 September Campaign, along with Army Group North to invade Poland. In the invasion of Poland Army Group S ...

in February 1943, they placed its headquarters in Zaporizhzhia. After the loss of

Kharkiv Kharkiv ( uk, Ха́рків, ), also known as Kharkov (russian: Харькoв, ), is the second-largest city and municipality in Ukraine.

and other cities,

Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Germany from 1933 until his death in 1945. He rose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party, becoming the chancellor in 1933 and then ...

to flew to these headquarters on 17 February 1943, where he met with the army group's commander, Field Marshal

Erich von Manstein Fritz Erich Georg Eduard von Manstein (born Fritz Erich Georg Eduard von Lewinski; 24 November 1887 – 9 June 1973) was a German Field Marshal of the '' Wehrmacht'' during the Second World War, who was subsequently convicted of war crimes and ...

. Hitler allowed the Army Group South to fight a mobile defence, which quickly led to much of the lost ground being recaptured by the Germans in the

Third Battle of Kharkov The Third Battle of Kharkov was a series of battles on the Eastern Front of World War II, undertaken by Army Group South of Nazi Germany against the Soviet Red Army, around the city of Kharkov between 19 February and 15 March 1943. Known ...

. Hitler visited the headquarters in Zaporizhzhia again on 10 March 1943, where he was briefed by von Manstein and his air force counterpart Field Marshal

Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen Wolfram Karl Ludwig Moritz Hermann Freiherr von Richthofen (10 October 1895 – 12 July 1945) was a German World War I flying ace who rose to the rank of ''Generalfeldmarschall'' in the Luftwaffe during World War II. Born in 1895 into a ...

. Hitler visited the headquarters at Zaporizhzhia for the last time on 8 September 1943. In September 1943, the Army Group moved its headquarters from Zaporizhzhia to Kirovograd (now called

Kropyvnytskyi Kropyvnytskyi ( uk, Кропивницький, Kropyvnytskyi ) is a city in central Ukraine on the Inhul river with a population of . It is an administrative center of the Kirovohrad Oblast. Over its history, Kropyvnytskyi has changed its name ...

).''Lost Victories'', by Field Marshal Eric von Manstein, says that the Germans finished repairing the railway bridge only a few months before they lost the city in October 1943. In August 1943, the Germans built the Panther-Wotan defence line along the

from

Kyiv Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...

Crimea Crimea, crh, Къырым, Qırım, grc, Κιμμερία / Ταυρική, translit=Kimmería / Taurikḗ ( ) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. It has a po ...

. They retreated back to this line in September 1943, holding the city as a bridgehead over the Dnieper with elements of 40th Panzer and 17th Corps. The Soviet Southwestern Front, commanded by

Army General Army general is the highest ranked general officer in many countries that use the French Revolutionary System.　 In countries that adopt the general officer four rank system, it is rank of general commanding an army in the field, but in coun ...

Rodion Malinovsky Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky (russian: Родио́н Я́ковлевич Малино́вский, ukr, Родіо́н Я́кович Малино́вський ; – 31 March 1967) was a Soviet military commander. He was Marshal of the Sovi ...

, attacked Zaporizhzhia on 10 October 1943. Although the defenders initially repelled these attacks, the Red Army reinforced its troops and launched a surprise night attack at 22:00 on 13 October, which succeeded in reclaiming most parts of the city.''Moscow-Stalingrad-Berlin-Prague, Memories of Army Commander'' ("Москва-Сталінград-Берлін-Прага". Записки командарма)
by Dmitri Danilovich Lelyushenko (Лелюшенко Дмитро Данилович), pub Nauka, Moscow, 1987, chapter 4. The city has a street between Voznesenskyi and Oleksandrivskyi Districts and a memorial in Oleksandrivskyi District dedicated to

Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army ( Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, afte ...

Lieutenant A lieutenant ( , ; abbreviated Lt., Lt, LT, Lieut and similar) is a commissioned officer rank in the armed forces of many nations. The meaning of lieutenant differs in different militaries (see comparative military ranks), but it is often sub ...

who commanded the first tank to enter Zaporizhzhia. Yatsenko and his crew were killed in the battle for the city.

Contemporary (1991–present)

In the 1990s, congestion began to occur around the Zaporizhzhia Arch Bridge, which connected several city districts to the city centre. In 2004, construction began on the New Zaporizhzhia Dniper Bridge, although construction was halted soon after it began due to a lack of funding. During the

2014 Euromaidan regional state administration occupations As part of the Euromaidan movement, regional state administration (RSA) buildings in various oblasts (regions) of Ukraine were occupied by activists, starting on 23 January 2014. Background Ukraine became gripped by unrest since President V ...

, protests against President

Viktor Yanukovych Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych ( uk, Віктор Федорович Янукович, ; ; born 9 July 1950) is a former politician who served as the fourth president of Ukraine from 2010 until he was removed from office in the Revolution of Di ...

occurred in Zaporizhzhia. On 23 February 2014, Zaporizhzhia's regional state administration building was occupied by 4,500 protesters. During April 2014, clashes occurred between Ukrainian and pro-Russian activists. The Ukrainian activists outnumbered the pro-Russian protesters. On 19 May 2016, the

Verkhovna Rada The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine ( uk, Верхо́вна Ра́да Украї́ни, translit=, Verkhovna Rada Ukrainy, translation=Supreme Council of Ukraine, Ukrainian abbreviation ''ВРУ''), often simply Verkhovna Rada or just Rada, is the ...

approved the so-called " Decommunisation Law".Poroshenko signed the laws about decommunization

Ukrayinska Pravda ''Ukrainska Pravda'' ( uk, Українська правда, lit=Ukrainian Truth) is a Ukrainian online newspaper founded by Georgiy Gongadze on 16 April 2000 (the day of the Ukrainian constitutional referendum). Published mainly in Ukrain ...

. 15 May 2015Poroshenko signs laws on denouncing Communist, Nazi regimes

Interfax-Ukraine The Interfax-Ukraine ( uk, Інтерфакс-Україна) is a Kyiv-based Ukrainian independent news agency founded in 1992. The company does not belong to the Russian news corporation Interfax Information Services. The company publishes i ...

. 15 May 20Goodbye, Lenin: Ukraine moves to ban communist symbols
BBC News (14 April 2015) Due to these laws, the city council had to rename more than 50 main streets and the administrative parts of the city. The monuments of the Soviet Union leaders

Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 19 ...

and

Felix Dzerzhinsky Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky ( pl, Feliks Dzierżyński ; russian: Фе́ликс Эдму́ндович Дзержи́нский; – 20 July 1926), nicknamed "Iron Felix", was a Bolshevik revolutionary and official, born into Polish nobility. ...

were destroyed. Names honouring Soviet leaders in the titles of industrial plants, factories, culture centres, and the

DniproHES The Dnieper Hydroelectric Station ( uk, ДніпроГЕС, DniproHES; russian: ДнепроГЭС, DneproGES), also known as Dneprostroi Dam, in the city of Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine, is the largest hydroelectric power station on the Dnieper river ...

were also removed.

Russian invasion (2022)

During the

2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine On 24 February 2022, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, which began in 2014. The invasion has resulted in tens of thousands of deaths on both sides. It has caused Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. An ...

, Russian forces have been engaged in ongoing attacks on Zaporizhzhia. On 27 February, fighting was reported in the southern outskirts. Russian forces began shelling Zaporizhzhia later that evening. On 3 March, Russian forces approaching the

caused concern about a potential nuclear meltdown. Russian military forces fired missiles on Zaporizhzhia on the evening of 12–13 May. On 30 September, hours before Russia formally annexed Southern and Eastern Ukraine, the Russian Armed Forces launched S-300 missiles at a civilian convoy, killing 30 people and injuring 88 others. On 9 October, Russian forces launched rockets at residential buildings, killing at least twenty people.

Geography

The city is located in south-eastern Ukraine. The Dnieper river splits the city in two; between them is Khortytsia island. The city covers at an elevation of

above sea level Height above mean sea level is a measure of the vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level taken as a vertical datum. In geodesy, it is formalized as ''orthometric heights''. The comb ...

. There are two streams around Khortytsia island; New and Old Dnieper. The is about wide while the is about wide. The island has sizes. There are also several small rivers in the city, which enter the Dnieper: and , , and . The flora of Khortytsia island is unique and diverse due to the dry steppe air and a large freshwater basin, which cleans the air polluted by industry. Khortytsia Island is a national park. The island surface is cut by large ravines ("balka"), hiking routes and historical monuments. The island is a very popular recreational area for both kids and adults. There are a large number of sanatoriums, resorts and health centres. There are also sandy beaches with swimming access.

Climate

Zaporizhzhia oblast administration front view

Governance

Zaporizhzhia is a regional seat of

and a city of regional significance meaning that it has a form of self-rule within the oblast (region).

Administrative subdivision

The city is divided into 7 administrative raions.

Demographics

City population

The city population has been declining since the first years of the state independence. In 2014–2015 the rate of the population decrease was −0.56%/year. In January 2017, the city population equaled 750,685 inhabitants The total reduction of the population of the city during the state independence is around 146 thousand people (the years 2017–2018 are not included in this estimation) Zaporizhia Population Chart

Ethnic structure

According to the 2001 census, Zaporizhzhia had the following ethnic structure:

Language

Ukrainian Ukrainian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Ukraine * Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe * Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine * So ...

is used for official government business. Native language of residents of Zaporizhzhia, according to censuses in Ukraine (percent):

Religion

The following religious denominations are present in Zaporizhzhia: ;Christianity ;; Orthodoxy Most of the citizens are Orthodox Christians of

Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) The Ukrainian Orthodox Church ( uk, Українська православна церква, Ukrainska pravoslavna tserkva; russian: Украинская православная церковь, Ukrainskaya pravoslavnaya tserkov', UOC), common ...

Orthodox Church of Ukraine The Orthodox Church of Ukraine ( uk, Православна церква України, Pravoslavna tserkva Ukrainy; OCU) is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church whose canonical territory is Ukraine. The church was united at the unifi ...

. Among the Orthodox churches the , which is under the Moscow Patriarchate, is most popular. There are also St. Nicholas Church and St. Andrew's Cathedral in the city. ;;Protestantism Protestantism is represented by: * All-Ukrainian Union of Christians of Evangelical Faith; *

Seventh-day Adventist Church The Seventh-day Adventist Church is an Adventist Protestant Christian denomination which is distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the seventh day of the week in the Christian (Gregorian) and the Hebrew calendar, as the Sabbath, and i ...

; * Full Gospel Church. ;;Catholicism Catholicism is represented by: *

Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church , native_name_lang = uk , caption_background = , image = StGeorgeCathedral Lviv.JPG , imagewidth = , type = Particular church (sui iuris) , alt = , caption = St. George's C ...

; * The Roman Catholic Church. The biggest Catholic church is Church of God, the Father of Mercy ;Judaism

Orthodox Judaism Orthodox Judaism is the collective term for the traditionalist and theologically conservative branches of contemporary Judaism. Theologically, it is chiefly defined by regarding the Torah, both Written and Oral, as revealed by God to Moses on ...

is represented by one union and six communities. ;

Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God (or '' Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the ...

In the Zaporizhzhia district there are five communities which are part of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Ukraine and four independent Muslim communities. ; Hinduism The city hosts a branch of the Vedic Academy.

Economy

Industry

Zaporizhzhia is an important industrial centre of Ukraine, the country's main car manufacturing company, the Motor-Sich world-famous aircraft engine manufacturer. Well supplied with electricity, Zaporizhzhia forms, together with the adjoining Donets Basin (

Donbas The Donbas or Donbass (, ; uk, Донба́с ; russian: Донба́сс ) is a historical, cultural, and economic region in eastern Ukraine. Parts of the Donbas are controlled by Russian separatist groups as a result of the Russo-Ukra ...

) and the Nikopol manganese and

Kryvyi Rih Kryvyi Rih ( uk, Криви́й Ріг , lit. "Curved Bend" or "Crooked Horn"), also known as Krivoy Rog ( Russian: Кривой Рог) is the largest city in central Ukraine, the 7th most populous city in Ukraine and the 2nd largest by area. ...

iron mines, one of Ukraine's leading industrial complexes. The city is a home of Ukraine's main automobile production centre, which is based at the Zaporizhzhia Automobile Factory (ZAZ), producing Ukrainian car brands such as ''Zaporozhets'' and ''Tavria''. After the end of the

Russian Revolution The Russian Revolution was a period of political and social revolution that took place in the former Russian Empire which began during the First World War. This period saw Russia abolish its monarchy and adopt a socialist form of government ...

, the city became an important industrial centre. The presence of cheap labor and the proximity of deposits of coal, iron ore, and manganese created favorable conditions for large-scale enterprises of the iron and mechanical engineering industries. Today Zaporizhzhia is an important industrial centre of the region with heavy industry (particularly

metallurgy Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are known as alloys. Metallurgy encompasses both the sc ...

), aluminium, and chemical industry. Cars, avia motors and radioelectronics are manufactured in the city. The port of Zaporizhzhia is important for transshipment for goods from the Donbas.

Zaporizhstal Zaporizhstal ( uk, Запорізький металургійний комбінат «Запоріжсталь») is Ukraine's fourth-largest steel maker with an annual capacity of 4.5 million tonnes of steel, 3.3 million tonnes of pig iron, ...

, Ukraine's fourth largest steel maker, and ranking 54th in the world, is based in the city.

Electricity generation

Zaporizhzhia is a large electricity generating hub. There are

hydroelectric Hydroelectricity, or hydroelectric power, is electricity generated from hydropower (water power). Hydropower supplies one sixth of the world's electricity, almost 4500 TWh in 2020, which is more than all other renewable sources combined and ...

power plant A power station, also referred to as a power plant and sometimes generating station or generating plant, is an industrial facility for the generation of electric power. Power stations are generally connected to an electrical grid. Many pow ...

known as "

and the largest nuclear power plant in Europe. Zaporizhzhia plants generate about 25% of the whole Ukrainian electricity consumption. The

is located near the

Enerhodar Enerhodar (; uk, Енергода́р, translit=Enerhodár, , ; russian: Энергодар, translit=Energodar, literally 'energy giver') is a city and municipality in the north-western part of the Zaporizhzhia Oblast in Ukraine, currently und ...

(meaning ''energy gifter''), around from Zaporizhzhia, which is the largest nuclear power plant in Europe. Also in Enerhodar, is the

Zaporizhzhia Thermal Power Station Zaporizhzhia thermal power station is a large non-nuclear thermal power plant ( DRES) in the purpose-built city of Enerhodar in Ukraine that was built by the Soviet Union between 1971 and 1977. It is the most powerful thermal power station in Uk ...

Culture

Zaporizhzhia has a

philharmonic An orchestra (; ) is a large instrumental ensemble typical of classical music, which combines instruments from different families. There are typically four main sections of instruments: * bowed string instruments, such as the violin, viola, cel ...

, few museums, theaters,

libraries A library is a collection of materials, books or media that are accessible for use and not just for display purposes. A library provides physical (hard copies) or digital access (soft copies) materials, and may be a physical location or a vir ...

. Among them are: *Magara Academic Drama Theatre *Municipal Theatre Lab «VIE» *Theatre for Young-Age spectators *Theatre of Horse Riding « Zaporizhzhian Cossacks» *Zaporizhzhia Regional Museum *National Museum of Zaporizhzhian Cossacks History *Zaporizhzhia Regional

Art Museum An art museum or art gallery is a building or space for the display of art, usually from the museum's own collection. It might be in public or private ownership and may be accessible to all or have restrictions in place. Although primarily con ...

*Motor Sich Aviation Museum * Zaporizhzhia Region Universal Scientific Library There are a number of small amateur groups of folk music bands,

art galleries An art gallery is a room or a building in which visual art is displayed. In Western cultures from the mid-15th century, a gallery was any long, narrow covered passage along a wall, first used in the sense of a place for art in the 1590s. The lo ...

in Zaporizhzhia. The city regularly holds festivals and

feasts A festival is an event ordinarily celebrated by a community and centering on some characteristic aspect or aspects of that community and its religion or cultures. It is often marked as a local or national holiday, mela, or eid. A festival co ...

, competitions of the

Cossack The Cossacks , es, cosaco , et, Kasakad, cazacii , fi, Kasakat, cazacii , french: cosaques , hu, kozákok, cazacii , it, cosacchi , orv, коза́ки, pl, Kozacy , pt, cossacos , ro, cazaci , russian: казаки́ or ...

martial arts and art exhibitions. Zaporizhzhia has an open-air exhibition-and-sale of Zaporizhzhia city association of artists «Kolorit» near the 'Fountain of Life' at the . A daily exhibition of artists' organizations of the city is a unique place in Zaporizhzhia, where people can communicate with craftsmen and artists, watch classes of

carving Carving is the act of using tools to shape something from a material by scraping away portions of that material. The technique can be applied to any material that is solid enough to hold a form even when pieces have been removed from it, and ...

embroidery Embroidery is the craft of decorating fabric or other materials using a needle to apply thread or yarn. Embroidery may also incorporate other materials such as pearls, beads, quills, and sequins. In modern days, embroidery is usually seen on c ...

beading Beadwork is the art or craft of attaching beads to one another by stringing them onto a thread or thin wire with a sewing or beading needle or sewing them to cloth. Beads are produced in a diverse range of materials, shapes, and sizes, and vary b ...

and other creative works, receive lessons from professional artists, designers, and

cartoonist A cartoonist is a visual artist who specializes in both drawing and writing cartoons (individual images) or comics (sequential images). Cartoonists differ from comics writers or comic book illustrators in that they produce both the literary and ...

Main sights

The x island Khortytsia is located in the geographical centre of the city. The city embraces the island by banks of the New and Old Dnieper streams. Two concrete bridges connect the Island to the city. They have been designed and constructed by the engineer Boris N. Preobrazhensky in 1952. Two level bridges have height about 54 meters. High level of the bridges is intended for rail and bottom – for cars and pedestrians. The historical and cultural museum "Zaporizka Sich" is placed on the northern rocky part of the island Khotritsa. The museum is the reconstructed stronghold of the Zaporizhzhian Cossacks. All features of the military cossack's camp life and their lifestyle are presented in the museum. The smaller islands are located between the dam and the island Khortytsia. Each of these islands has its own legend. On one of them named Durnya Scala ("Rock of the Fool")

Tzar Tsar ( or ), also spelled ''czar'', ''tzar'', or ''csar'', is a title used by East and South Slavic monarchs. The term is derived from the Latin word ''caesar'', which was intended to mean "emperor" in the European medieval sense of the ter ...

Peter the Great Peter I ( – ), most commonly known as Peter the Great,) or Pyotr Alekséyevich ( rus, Пётр Алексе́евич, p=ˈpʲɵtr ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ, , group=pron was a Russian monarch who ruled the Tsardom of Russia from t ...

punished the Cossacks by flogging for their betrayal on the side of

Charles XII of Sweden Charles XII, sometimes Carl XII ( sv, Karl XII) or Carolus Rex (17 June 1682 – 30 November 1718 O.S.), was King of Sweden (including current Finland) from 1697 to 1718. He belonged to the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, a branch line of ...

during the

Great Northern War The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the anti-Swed ...

between Russia and Sweden. Another small island, named Stolb ("Pillar"), has a geological feature, which looks like a large bowl in granite slabs, its diameter equals , the depth . This bowl is named Cossack's bowl. People say that in summer days under the hot sun, it is easy to boil water in this "bowl" and the Cossacks used it for cooking galushki (boiled dough in a spicy broth). The panoramic view of the DnieproHES from Khortytsia island is very impressive. The straight and long Sobornyi avenue () ends in the SotsGorod near the Dam, which built up of the constructivist architecture of the 20th century.

Infrastructure

The city of Zaporizhzhia is an important transportation hub in Ukraine and has deeply developed transportation system that includes roadway, rail, river and air options for passenger, freight as well as public utilities transit. Public city transport includes buses, minivans, trams,

trolleybus A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tramin the 1910s and 1920sJoyce, J.; King, J. S.; and Newman, A. G. (1986). ''British Trolleybus Systems'', pp. 9, 12. London: Ian Allan Publishing. .or trol ...

es and railways.

Roads

On the eastern outskirts Zaporizhzhia is passed by a major national highway M18 which connects

Kharkiv Kharkiv ( uk, Ха́рків, ), also known as Kharkov (russian: Харькoв, ), is the second-largest city and municipality in Ukraine.

with

Simferopol Simferopol () is the second-largest city in the Crimean Peninsula. The city, along with the rest of Crimea, is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine, and is considered the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. However, it is ...

. The H08 which starts just outside

and travels southeast along the Dnieper through

Kremenchuk Kremenchuk (; uk, Кременчу́к, Kremenchuk ) is an industrial city in central Ukraine which stands on the banks of the Dnipro River. The city serves as the administrative center of the Kremenchuk Raion (district) in Poltava Oblast (pro ...

, Kamianske,

Dnipro Dnipro, previously called Dnipropetrovsk from 1926 until May 2016, is Ukraine's fourth-largest city, with about one million inhabitants. It is located in the eastern part of Ukraine, southeast of the Ukrainian capital Kyiv on the Dnieper Riv ...

and passes through Zaporizhzhia on to

Mariupol Mariupol (, ; uk, Маріу́поль ; russian: Мариу́поль) is a city in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. It is situated on the northern coast (Pryazovia) of the Sea of Azov, at the mouth of the Kalmius River. Prior to the 2022 Russian i ...

. Two other highways terminate in the city, the H15 which arrives from

Donetsk Donetsk ( , ; uk, Донецьк, translit=Donets'k ; russian: Донецк ), formerly known as Aleksandrovka, Yuzivka (or Hughesovka), Stalin and Stalino (see also: cities' alternative names), is an industrial city in eastern Ukraine lo ...

and the which starts in

and through

ends in Zaporizhzhia. There are four road bridges over Dnieper and two rail bridges. All bridges but one connect the city with Khortytsia island. The other bridge goes over the river dam of

. Early in 2022, President

Volodymyr Zelenskyy Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Zelenskyy, ; russian: Владимир Александрович Зеленский, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Zelenskyy, (born 25 January 1978; also transliterated as Zelensky or Zelenskiy) is a Ukrainian politicia ...

opened the first stage of the new New Zaporizhzhia Dniper Bridge.

Railways

The city has two rail stations, Zaporizhzhia-the-First and Zaporizhzhia-the-Second. The First is the central station, located in the southern part of the city and is a part of Simferopol-Kharkiv, the "north-south" transit route. The line of the Zaporizhzhia-the-Second station connects the Donbas coalfield with Kryvyi Rih.

Water transportation

The city's two river ports are part of the national water transportation infrastructure that connects Kyiv to

Kherson Kherson (, ) is a port city of Ukraine that serves as the administrative centre of Kherson Oblast. Located on the Black Sea and on the Dnieper River, Kherson is the home of a major ship-building industry and is a regional economic centre. In ...

along the Dnieper. Freight ships and cutter boats travel between Zaporizhzhia and nearby villages. The island of Khortytsia splits the Dnieper into two; the main channel passes the island on its eastern side, with the ' (Old Dnieper) flowing past the island on the western side.

Airport

Zaporizhzhia International Airport Zaporizhzhia International Airport ( uk, Міжнародний аеропорт "Запоріжжя") is the international airport that serves Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine, one of three airfields around the city. The aircraft engine factory Motor Sich ...

located to the east of the city on the left-bank of the Dnieper. It serves both domestic and international flights. Shyroke airfield is to the west of the city on the right-bank of the Dnieper.

Notable people

Alina Gorlova at Crossing Europe Film Festival (cropped)

* Alyosha (born 1986), Ukrainian singer, stage name of ''Olena Oleksandrivna Kucher'' * Vasiliy Bebko, (1932-2022), Russian diplomat * Tamara Bulat (1933-2004), Ukrainian-American musicologist *

Victoria Bulitko Victoria Bulitko (Ukrainian: Булітко Вікторія Сергіївна; born 25 January 1983) is a Ukrainian film, television and theater actress. Biography Victoria was born 25 January 1983 in Zaporizhya, Ukrainian SSR, USSR. Gra ...

(born 1983), a Ukrainian film, TV and theatre actress. * Evgeniy Chernyak (born 1969), Ukrainian businessman * Evgeniy Chuikov (1924-2000) Ukrainian landscape painter working in the Russian realist and French Impressionist traditions. *

Volodymyr Dakhno Volodymyr Dakhno (; March 7, 1932, Zaporizhzhia — July 28, 2006, Kyiv, Ukraine) was a Ukrainian animator, animation film director and scriptwriter. He was a laureate of the Shevchenko National Prize of Ukraine (1988), and a People's Artist o ...

(1932-2006) Ukrainian animator and animation film director. *

Valentyna Danishevska Valentyna Ivanivna Danishevska ( uk, Валентина Іванівна Данішевська; born 23 March 1957) is a Ukrainian lawyer, and judge. She is the first woman to hold the position of the Head of the Supreme Court of Ukraine. Danish ...

(born 1957), Ukrainian lawyer and judge *

Gerhard Ens Gerhard Ens (January 9, 1864 O.S. ">Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="ecember 28, 1863 Old Style and New Style dates">O.S. – January 2, 1952) was a Ukrainian-born farmer, immigration agent and political figure in Saskatchewan. H ...

(1863–1952), farmer, immigration agent and politician in Saskatchewan *

Igor Fesunenko Igor Fesunenko (28 January 1933, Orenburg, RSFSR, Soviet Union – 28 April 2016, Moscow, Russia) was a Soviet and Russian journalist, foreign affairs writer, and teacher at the MGIMO. Biography Father Sergey Fesunenko worked as a chief mechani ...

(1933-2016), Russian journalist and foreign affairs writer *

Sergey Glazyev Sergey Yurievich Glazyev (russian: Серге́й Юрьевич Глазьев) (born January 1, 1961, in Zaporozhye, Ukrainian SSR, USSR) is a Russian politician and economist, member of the National Financial Council of the Bank of Russia, ...

(born 1961), Russian politician and economist * Alina Gorlova (born 1992), a Ukrainian filmmaker, director, and screenwriter *

Konstantin Grigorishin Konstantin Ivanovich Grigorishin (born 16 November 1965) is a Russian- Ukrainian businessman and billionaire.

(born 1965), a Russian-Ukrainian businessman and billionaire. * Volodymyr Horbulin (born 1939), Ukrainian politician * Valeriy Ivaschenko (born 1956), Ukrainian former Deputy Minister of Defence *

Boris Ivchenko Boris Ivchenko ( uk, Бори́с Ві́кторович І́вченко; russian: Борис Викторович Ивченко) was a Ukrainian actor and film director. He was the son of another Ukrainian and Soviet film director, Viktor Ivche ...

, (1941-1990) Ukrainian actor and film director * Igor P. Kaidashev (born 1969), Ukrainian immunologist and allergist *

Valeriy Kostyuk Valery Viktorovich Kostuk (russian: Вале́рий Ви́кторович Костю́к; born 26 August 1940 in Zaporizhia) is a Russian scientist who has contributed to the development of processes for producing gases and cryogenic liquids. ...

(born 1940), Russian scientist * Maxim Ksenzov (born 1973), Russian statesman * Valery Kulikov (born 1956), Ukrainian-born Russian politician *

Gosha Kutsenko Yuriy Georgiyevich Kutsenko (russian: Ю́рий Гео́ргиевич Куце́нко; born 20 May 1967), better known as Gosha Kutsenko (russian: Гоша Куценко), is a Russian actor, producer, singer, poet, and screenwriter. In 2008, ...

(born 1967), Russian actor, producer, singer, poet and screenwriter *

Valentyn Nalyvaichenko Valentyn Oleksandrovych Nalyvaichenko ( uk, Валенти́н Олекса́ндрович Налива́йченко; born 8 June 1966; Zaporizhia) is a Ukrainian diplomat and politician. On 24 February 2014, the Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian par ...

(born 1966), Ukrainian diplomat and politician. * Eva Neymann (born 1974), Ukrainian film director * Maria Nikiforova (1885–1919),

revolutionary A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates a revolution. The term ''revolutionary'' can also be used as an adjective, to refer to something that has a major, sudden impact on society or on some aspect of human endeavor. ...

insurgent An insurgency is a violent, armed rebellion against authority waged by small, lightly armed bands who practice guerrilla warfare from primarily rural base areas. The key descriptive feature of insurgency is its asymmetric nature: small irreg ...

and

Anarchist Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is skeptical of all justifications for authority and seeks to abolish the institutions it claims maintain unnecessary coercion and hierarchy, typically including, though not necessar ...

partisan leader. * Anna October (born 1991), Ukrainian fashion designer *

Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandr Sergeyevich Panayotov (russian: Александр Серге́евич Панайотов; born 1 July 1984) is a Russian-Ukrainian singer and songwriter. He has recorded two albums so far. Eurovision Song Contest Aleksandr had made ...

(born 1984), Russian-Ukrainian singer and songwriter * Mykhailo Papiyev (born 1960), Ukrainian engineer and politician *

Oleksandr Peklushenko Oleksandr Peklushenko ( uk, Пеклушенко Олександр Миколайович; August 29, 1954, Zaporizhzhia – March 12, 2015, Soniachne, Zaporizhzhia Raion) was a Ukrainian politician and public figure, member of the Verkhovna Rada ...

, (1954-2015) Ukrainian politician * Max Polyakov (born 1977), an international technology entrepreneur, economist and philanthropist * Georgy Shchokin (born 1954), businessman, sociologist, psychologist and politician * Boris Shtein, (1892–1961) Soviet diplomat * Oleksandr Sin (born 1961), Ukrainian politician former mayor of Zaporizhzhia * Serhiy Sobolyev (born 1961), Ukrainian politician * Yanina Sokolova (born 1984) a journalist, TV presenter and actress. *

Naum Sorkin Naum Semyonovich Sorkin (russian: Наум Семёнович Соркин; 11 February 1899 – 16 January 1980) was a Soviet military officer and diplomat. A Red Army veteran of the Russian Civil War, Sorkin was sent to Mongolia as an artil ...

, (1899–1980) a Soviet military officer and diplomat. *

Oleksandr Starukh Oleksandr Vasylyovych Starukh ( ua, Олександр Васильович Старух; born 28 April 1973) is a Ukrainian historian and politician. On 18 December 2020 he was appointed as Governor of Zaporizhzhia Oblast.Liudmyla Suprun (born 1965), a Ukrainian politician *

Yevhen Synelnykov Yevhen Oleksandrovych Synelnykov ( uk, Євген Олександрович Синельников; 3 November 1981) is a Ukrainian TV presenter, director, actor, one of the presenter travel show "Oryol i Reshka" TV channels "Inter" and " Pyatn ...

(born 1981), a Ukrainian TV presenter, director and actor * Estas Tonne (born 1975), a musician, plays guitar and flute * Vladyslav Yama (born 1982), a Ukrainian dancer and educator

Sport

* Polina Astakhova (1936–2005) an artistic gymnast; won ten medals at the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics. *

Anastasia Bliznyuk Anastasia Ilyinichna Bliznyuk ( rus, Анастасия Ильинична Близнюк, , ɐnəstɐˈsʲiɪ̯ə blʲɪˈzʲnʲuk; born 28 June 1994) is a Russian group rhythmic gymnast. She is a two-time 2012 and 2016 Olympics Group All-aroun ...

(born 1994), a Russian group rhythmic gymnast. *

Maksym Dolhov Maksym Eduardovych Dolhov ( uk, Максим Едуардович Долгов, born 16 June 1996, in Zaporizhia) is a Ukrainian diving (sport), diver. Career He has won multiple European championships medals, including the 2016 gold medal in D ...

(born 1996), Ukrainian diver * Tanja Logwin (born 1974), Ukrainian-born Austrian handball player * Alina Maksymenko (born 1991), Ukrainian rhythmic gymnast * Oleksii Pashkov (born 1981), silver medallist in the discus at the

2012 Summer Paralympics The 2012 Summer Paralympics, branded as the London 2012 Paralympic Games, were an international multi-sport parasports event held from 29 August to 9 September 2012 in London, England, United Kingdom. They were the 14th Summer Paralympic Game ...

* Volodymyr Polikarpenko (born 1972), Ukrainian former trialthon athlete *

Yakiv Punkin Yakov Grigrorievich Punkin (russian: Яков Григорьевич Пункин; 8 December 1921 – 12 October 1994) was a featherweight Greco-Roman wrestler from Ukraine. Competing for the Soviet Union he won a gold medal at the 1952 Olympi ...

(1921–1994) wrestler, gold medallist at the

1952 Summer Olympics The 1952 Summer Olympics ( fi, Kesäolympialaiset 1952; sv, Olympiska sommarspelen 1952), officially known as the Games of the XV Olympiad ( fi, XV olympiadin kisat; sv, Den XV olympiadens spel) and commonly known as Helsinki 1952 ( sv, Helsin ...

. * Oksana Skaldina (born 1972) gymnast; bronze medallist at the

1992 Summer Olympics The 1992 Summer Olympics ( es, Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992, ca, Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992), officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad ( es, Juegos de la XXV Olimpiada, ca, Jocs de la XXV Olimpíada) and commonly known as ...

Ganna Sorokina Ganna Sorokina ( uk, Ганна Сорокіна; born 31 March 1976 in Zaporizhzhia) is a Ukrainian diver. Career She won the bronze medal with Olena Zhupina in the Women's 3m Synchronized Springboard competition. Sorokina also competed in ...

(born 1976) diver; team bronze medallist at the

2000 Summer Olympics The 2000 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the XXVII Olympiad and also known as Sydney 2000 (Dharug: ''Gadigal 2000''), the Millennium Olympic Games or the Games of the New Millennium, was an international multi-sport event held from 1 ...

* Olga Strazheva (born 1972) gymnast; team gold medallist at the

1988 Summer Olympics The 1988 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad () and commonly known as Seoul 1988 ( ko, 서울 1988, Seoul Cheon gubaek palsip-pal), was an international multi-sport event held from 17 September to 2 October ...

* Vita Styopina (born 1976) high jumper; bronze medallist at the

2004 Summer Olympics The 2004 Summer Olympics ( el, Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2004, ), officially the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad ( el, Αγώνες της 28ης Ολυμπιάδας, ) and also known as Athens 2004 ( el, Αθήνα 2004), ...

* Denys Sylantyev (born 1976) politician and swimmer; four time Olympian, silver medallist at the

and national flag bearer at the

. *

Razmik Tonoyan Razmik Andranikovich Tonoyan ( ukr, Размик Андранікович Тоноян; born 28 September 1988 in Zaporizhia, Soviet Union) is a Ukrainian sambist who competes in super heavyweight, both in classical and combat sambo. He is multip ...

(born 1988), Ukrainian sambist, (a Soviet-origin Russian martial art) * Roman Volod'kov (born 1973), Ukrainian former diver * Sergiusz Wołczaniecki (born 1964) a Polish weightlifter; bronze medallist at the

Olena Zhupina Olena Zhupina ( uk, Олена Жупіна, (born 23 August 1973) is a Ukrainian diver. Career She who won the bronze medal with Ganna Sorokina in the Women's 3m Synchronized Springboard competition at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Austra ...

(born 1973), Ukrainian diver

In popular culture

Zaporizhzhia is an important setting in two

Axis victory in World War II A hypothetical military victory of the Axis powers over the Allies of World War II (1939–1945) is a common topic in speculative literature. Works of alternative history (fiction) and of counterfactual history (non-fiction), including stories ...

short fictions by the American author

Harry Turtledove Harry Norman Turtledove (born June 14, 1949) is an American author who is best known for his work in the genres of alternate history, historical fiction, fantasy, science fiction, and mystery fiction. He is a student of history and completed hi ...

: ''Ready for the Fatherland'' (1991) and ''The Phantom Tolbukhin'' (1998). Turtledove always uses the Zaporozhye spelling.

Twin towns – sister cities

Zaporizhzhia is twinned with: *

Lahti Lahti (; sv, Lahtis) is a city and municipality in Finland. It is the capital of the region of Päijänne Tavastia (Päijät-Häme) and its growing region is one of the main economic hubs of Finland. Lahti is situated on a bay at the southern ...

, Finland (1953) *

Belfort Belfort (; archaic german: Beffert/Beffort) is a city in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in Northeastern France, situated between Lyon and Strasbourg, approximately from the France–Switzerland border. It is the prefecture of the Territoir ...

, France (1967) *

Birmingham Birmingham ( ) is a city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of West Midlands in England. It is the second-largest city in the United Kingdom with a population of 1.145 million in the city proper, 2.92 million in the West ...

, United Kingdom (1973) *

Linz Linz ( , ; cs, Linec) is the capital of Upper Austria and third-largest city in Austria. In the north of the country, it is on the Danube south of the Czech border. In 2018, the population was 204,846. In 2009, it was a European Capital of ...

, Austria (1983) *

Oberhausen Oberhausen (, ) is a city on the river Emscher in the Ruhr Area, Germany, located between Duisburg and Essen ( ). The city hosts the International Short Film Festival Oberhausen and its Gasometer Oberhausen is an anchor point of the European Rout ...

, Germany (1986) * Yichang, China (1997) * Magdeburg, Germany (2008) *

Ashdod Ashdod ( he, ''ʾašdōḏ''; ar, أسدود or إسدود ''ʾisdūd'' or '' ʾasdūd'' ; Philistine: 𐤀𐤔𐤃𐤃 *''ʾašdūd'') is the sixth-largest city in Israel. Located in the country's Southern District, it lies on the Mediterran ...

, Israel (2011) In addition, in 1969 the city renamed one of its streets "Wrocław", the Wrocław communist government acknowledging that they should honour the Ukrainian city in a similar way and a part of the Sudecka – Grabiszyńska street towards the square of the Silesian Insurgents – was renamed to Zaporoska street. It is about long.

Notes

References

Sources

*Е. М. Поспелов (Ye. M. Pospelov). "Имена городов: вчера и сегодня (1917–1992). Топонимический словарь." (City Names: Yesterday and Today (1917–1992). Toponymic Dictionary." Москва, "Русские словари", 1993.

External links

Official portal of Zaporizhzhia City One of the portals of Zaporizhzhia City Another one of the portals of Zaporizhzhia City Zaporizhzhia seven ways to adventure
*One of the few external reports on the city in English is the BBC repor
"Ukraine: Why the Orange Revolution ran out of steam"
Daniel Sandford, Moscow correspondent, BBC News 10 March 2011. {{Authority control Alexandrovsky Uyezd (Yekaterinoslav Governorate) Populated places established in 1770 Cities of regional significance in Ukraine 1770 establishments in Ukraine Populated places established in the Russian Empire 1770 establishments in the Russian Empire Populated places on the Dnieper in Ukraine Oblast centers in Ukraine