''Zygophyllum'' is the type genus of the

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...

family

Zygophyllaceae Zygophyllaceae is a family of flowering plants that contains the bean-caper and caltrop. The family includes around 285 species in 22 genera. Plants in the family Zygophyllaceae may be trees, shrubs, or herbs. They are often found in dry habit ...

. The generic name is derived from the

Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...

words ζυγόν (''zygon''), meaning "double", and φυλλον (''phyllon''), meaning "

leaf A leaf (: leaves) is a principal appendage of the plant stem, stem of a vascular plant, usually borne laterally above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leav ...

". It refers to the leaves, each of which have two leaflets. The genus is distributed in

arid Aridity is the condition of geographical regions which make up approximately 43% of total global available land area, characterized by low annual precipitation, increased temperatures, and limited water availability.Perez-Aguilar, L. Y., Plata ...

and

semi-arid A semi-arid climate, semi-desert climate, or steppe climate is a aridity, dry climate sub-type. It is located on regions that receive precipitation below Evapotranspiration#Potential evapotranspiration, potential evapotranspiration, but not as l ...

regions of

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...

, the Mediterranean Basin,

central Asia Central Asia is a region of Asia consisting of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The countries as a group are also colloquially referred to as the "-stans" as all have names ending with the Persian language, Pers ...

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

, and North and South America.

Molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

analysis suggested that as previously circumscribed, ''Zygophyllum'' was not

monophyletic In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent co ...

, and the genus was split among a number of other genera, including '' Augea'', '' Fagonia'', '' Roepera'' and '' Tetraena''. ,

Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online taxonomic database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. History Following the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew launched Plants of the World Online i ...

accepted only ''Roepera'' of these genera, regarding ''Augea'', ''Fagonia'' and ''Tetraena'' as synonyms of ''Zygophyllum''.

Species

, Plants of the World Online accepted 117 species (including those other sources place in ''Augea'', ''Fagonia'' and ''Tetraena''): *'' Zygophyllum acerosum'' (Boiss.) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum aegyptium'' Hosny *'' Zygophyllum album'' L.f. *'' Zygophyllum applanatum'' Van Zyl *'' Zygophyllum arabicum'' (L.) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum atriplicoides'' Fisch. & C.A.Mey. *'' Zygophyllum augea'' Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum balchaschense'' Boriss. *'' Zygophyllum betpakdalense'' Golosk. & Semiotr. *'' Zygophyllum borissovae'' Beier & Thulin *'' Zygophyllum brachypterum'' Kar. & Kir. *'' Zygophyllum bruguieri'' (DC.) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum bucharicum'' B.Fedtsch. *'' Zygophyllum californicum'' (Benth.) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum charoides'' (Chiov.) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum chilense'' (Hook. & Arn.) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum chrysopteron'' Retief *'' Zygophyllum clavatum'' Schltr. & Diels *'' Zygophyllum coccineum'' L. *'' Zygophyllum cornutum'' Coss. *'' Zygophyllum creticum'' (L.) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum cuspidatum'' Boriss. *'' Zygophyllum cylindrifolium'' Schinz *'' Zygophyllum darvasicum'' Boriss. *'' Zygophyllum decumbens'' Delile *'' Zygophyllum densispinum'' (Beier & Thulin) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum densum'' (I.M.Johnst.) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum dregeanum'' Sond. *'' Zygophyllum dumosum'' Boiss. *'' Zygophyllum eichwaldii'' C.A.Mey. *'' Zygophyllum fabago'' L. *'' Zygophyllum fabagoides'' Popov *'' Zygophyllum fontanesii'' Webb & Berthel. *'' Zygophyllum furcatum'' C.A.Mey. *'' Zygophyllum gaetulum'' Emb. & Maire *'' Zygophyllum geslinii'' Coss. *'' Zygophyllum giessii'' Merxm. & A.Schreib. *'' Zygophyllum glutinosum'' (Delile) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum gobicum'' Maxim. *'' Zygophyllum gontscharovii'' Boriss. *'' Zygophyllum gypsophilum'' (Beier & Thulin) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum hadramauticum'' (Beier & Thulin) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum hamiense'' Schweinf. *'' Zygophyllum harpago'' (Emb. & Maire) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum heterocladum'' Rech.f. & Patzak *'' Zygophyllum iliense'' Popov *'' Zygophyllum indicum'' (Burm.f.) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum jaxarticum'' Popov *'' Zygophyllum kansuense'' Y.X.Liou *'' Zygophyllum karatavicum'' Boriss. *'' Zygophyllum kaschgaricum'' Boriss. *'' Zygophyllum kegense'' Boriss. *'' Zygophyllum kopalense'' Boriss. *'' Zygophyllum laeve'' (Standl.) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum lahovarii'' (Volkens & Schweinf.) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum latistipulatum'' (Beier & Thulin) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum lehmannianum'' Bunge *'' Zygophyllum loczyi'' Kanitz *'' Zygophyllum longicapsulare'' Schinz *'' Zygophyllum longistipulatum'' Schinz *'' Zygophyllum luntii'' (Baker) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum macropodum'' Boriss. *'' Zygophyllum madagascariense'' (Baill.) Stauffer *'' Zygophyllum madecassum'' H.Perrier *'' Zygophyllum mahranum'' (Beier) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum mandavillei'' Hadidi *'' Zygophyllum mayanum'' (Schltdl.) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum melongena'' Bunge *'' Zygophyllum microcarpum'' Licht. ex Cham. *'' Zygophyllum migiurtinorum'' Chiov. *'' Zygophyllum miniatum'' Cham. *'' Zygophyllum minutistipulum'' (Engl.) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum molle'' (Delile) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum mongolicum'' (Maxim.) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum mucronatum'' Maxim. *'' Zygophyllum neglectum'' Grubov *'' Zygophyllum obliquum'' Popov *'' Zygophyllum olivieri'' (DC.) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum orientale'' (C.Presl) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum ovigerum'' Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Bunge *'' Zygophyllum oxianum'' Boriss. *'' Zygophyllum oxycarpum'' Popov *'' Zygophyllum pachyacanthum'' (Rydb.) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum palmeri'' (Vasey & Rose) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum pamiricum'' Grubov *'' Zygophyllum paulayanum'' (J.Wagner & Vierh.) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum pinnatum'' Cham. *'' Zygophyllum potaninii'' Maxim. *'' Zygophyllum prismaticum'' Chiov. *'' Zygophyllum prismatocarpum'' Sond. *'' Zygophyllum procumbens'' Adamson *'' Zygophyllum propinquum'' Decne. *'' Zygophyllum pterocarpum'' Bunge *'' Zygophyllum pterocaule'' Van Zyl *'' Zygophyllum qatarense'' Hadidi *'' Zygophyllum retrofractum'' Thunb. *'' Zygophyllum rigidum'' Schinz *'' Zygophyllum rosowii'' Bunge *'' Zygophyllum scabrum'' (Forssk.) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum scoparium'' (Brandegee) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum simplex'' L. *'' Zygophyllum sinkiangense'' Y.X.Liou *'' Zygophyllum smithii'' Hadidi *'' Zygophyllum somalense'' Hadidi *'' Zygophyllum spinosissimum'' (Blatt. & Hallb.) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum stapffii'' Schinz *'' Zygophyllum steropterum'' Schrenk *'' Zygophyllum subinerme'' (Boiss.) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum subtrijugum'' C.A.Mey. *'' Zygophyllum sulcatum'' Huysst. *'' Zygophyllum taldykurganicum'' Boriss. *'' Zygophyllum tenue'' R.Glover *'' Zygophyllum trialatum'' Blatt. & Hallb. *'' Zygophyllum turcomanicum'' Fisch. ex Boiss. *'' Zygophyllum villosum'' (D.M.Porter) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum xanthoxylum'' (Bunge) Maxim. *'' Zygophyllum zilloides'' (Humbert) Christenh. & Byng

References

External links

{{Authority control Zygophyllales genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Taxa described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus