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York University (french: Université York), also known as YorkU or simply YU, is a
public In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individual people, and the public (a.k.a. the general public) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociological concept of the ''Öffentlichk ...
research university A research university or a research-intensive university is a university that is committed to research as a central part of its mission. They are the most important sites at which knowledge production occurs, along with "intergenerational kn ...
in
Toronto Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the anch ...
,
Ontario Ontario ( ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.Ontario is located in the geographic eastern half of Canada, but it has historically and politically been considered to be part of Central Canada. Located in Central C ...
, Canada. It is Canada's fourth-largest university, and it has approximately 55,700 students, 7,000 faculty and staff, and over 325,000 alumni worldwide. It has 11 faculties, including the Faculty of Liberal Arts and Professional Studies, Faculty of Science, Lassonde School of Engineering,
Schulich School of Business The Schulich School of Business is the business school of York University located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The institution provides undergraduate and graduate degree and diploma programs in business administration, finance, accounting, busine ...
,
Osgoode Hall Law School Osgoode Hall Law School, commonly shortened to Osgoode, is the law school of York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The law school is home to the Law Commission of Ontario, the Journal of Law and Social Policy, and the '' Osgoode Hall L ...
,
Glendon College Glendon College is a public liberal arts college in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Formally the federated bilingual campus of York University, it is one of the school's nine colleges and 11 faculties with 100 full-time faculty members and a student po ...
, Faculty of Education, Faculty of Health, Faculty of Environmental and Urban Change, Faculty of Graduate Studies, School of the Arts, Media, Performance and Design, and 28 research centres. York University was established in 1959 as a non-denominational institution by the ''York University Act'', which received
royal assent Royal assent is the method by which a monarch formally approves an act of the legislature, either directly or through an official acting on the monarch's behalf. In some jurisdictions, royal assent is equivalent to promulgation, while in oth ...
in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario on 26 March of that year. Its first class was held in September 1960 in Falconer Hall on the
University of Toronto The University of Toronto (UToronto or U of T) is a public university, public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located on the grounds that surround Queen's Park (Toronto), Queen's Park. It was founded by royal charter in 1827 ...
campus with a total of 76 students. In the fall of 1961, York moved to its first campus,
Glendon College Glendon College is a public liberal arts college in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Formally the federated bilingual campus of York University, it is one of the school's nine colleges and 11 faculties with 100 full-time faculty members and a student po ...
, which was leased from U of T, and began to emphasize liberal arts and part-time adult education. In 1965, the university opened a second campus, the
Keele Campus The Keele Campus is the main campus of York University in the North York district of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It occupies roughly 1 square kilometre of land and is situated between Jane Street to the west, Keele Street to the east, Steeles Aven ...
, in North York, within the neighbourhood community now called
York University Heights York University Heights, also known as Northwood Park, is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is one of Toronto's northernmost neighbourhoods, located along the northern boundary of Steeles Avenue in the former city of North York. The ...
. Several of York's programs have gained notable recognition both nationally and internationally. York houses Canada's oldest
film school A film school is an educational institution dedicated to teaching aspects of filmmaking, including such subjects as film production, film theory, digital media production, and screenwriting. Film history courses and hands-on technical training ar ...
, which has been ranked one of the best in Canada, with an acceptance rate comparable to that of
USC School of Cinematic Arts The University of Southern California School of Cinematic Arts (SCA) houses seven academic divisions: Film & Television Production; Cinema & Media Studies; John C. Hench Division of Animation + Digital Arts; John Wells Division of Writing for Sc ...
and
Tisch School of the Arts The New York University Tisch School of the Arts (commonly referred to as Tisch) is the performing, cinematic and media arts school of New York University. Founded on August 17, 1965, Tisch is a training ground for artists, scholars of the a ...
. York's
Osgoode Hall Law School Osgoode Hall Law School, commonly shortened to Osgoode, is the law school of York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The law school is home to the Law Commission of Ontario, the Journal of Law and Social Policy, and the '' Osgoode Hall L ...
was ranked fourth best in Canada, behind U of T, McGill, and UBC. In ''
The Economist ''The Economist'' is a British weekly newspaper printed in demitab format and published digitally. It focuses on current affairs, international business, politics, technology, and culture. Based in London, the newspaper is owned by The Eco ...
''s 2011 full-time MBA rankings, York's
Schulich School of Business The Schulich School of Business is the business school of York University located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The institution provides undergraduate and graduate degree and diploma programs in business administration, finance, accounting, busine ...
ranked ninth in the world, and first in Canada, and in ''
CNN Expansion CNN (Cable News Network) is a multinational cable news channel headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by the ...
''s ranking of MBA programs, Schulich ranked 18th in the world, placing first in Canada. York's School of Kinesiology and Health Science ranked fourth in Canada and 24th best in the world in 2018. Over the last twenty years, York has become a centre for labour strife with several faculty and other strikes occurring, including the longest university strike in Canadian history in 2018.


History

York University was established in 1959 as a non-denominational institution by the ''York University Act'', which received
Royal Assent Royal assent is the method by which a monarch formally approves an act of the legislature, either directly or through an official acting on the monarch's behalf. In some jurisdictions, royal assent is equivalent to promulgation, while in oth ...
in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario on 26 March of that year. Its first class was held in September 1960 in Falconer Hall on the
University of Toronto The University of Toronto (UToronto or U of T) is a public university, public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located on the grounds that surround Queen's Park (Toronto), Queen's Park. It was founded by royal charter in 1827 ...
campus with a total of 76 students. The policy of university education initiated in the 1960s responded to population pressure and the belief that
higher education Higher education is tertiary education leading to award of an academic degree. Higher education, also called post-secondary education, third-level or tertiary education, is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after comple ...
was a key to social justice and economic productivity for individuals and for society. The governance was modelled on the provincial University of Toronto Act of 1906, which established a bicameral system of university government consisting of a senate (faculty), responsible for academic policy, and a board of governors (citizens) exercising exclusive control over financial policy and having formal authority in all other matters. The president, appointed by the board, was to provide a link between the two bodies and to perform institutional leadership. In the fall of 1961, York moved to its first campus,
Glendon College Glendon College is a public liberal arts college in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Formally the federated bilingual campus of York University, it is one of the school's nine colleges and 11 faculties with 100 full-time faculty members and a student po ...
, and began to emphasize liberal arts and part-time adult education. York became independent in 1965, after an initial period of affiliation with the
University of Toronto The University of Toronto (UToronto or U of T) is a public university, public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located on the grounds that surround Queen's Park (Toronto), Queen's Park. It was founded by royal charter in 1827 ...
(U of T), under the ''York University Act'', 1965. Its main campus on the northern outskirts of Toronto opened in 1965. Murray Ross, who continues to be honoured today at the university in several ways – including the Murray G. Ross Award – was still vice-president of U of T when he was approached to become York University's new president. At the time, York University was envisaged as a feeder campus to U of T, until Ross's powerful vision led it to become a completely separate institution. In 1965, the university opened a second campus, the
Keele Campus The Keele Campus is the main campus of York University in the North York district of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It occupies roughly 1 square kilometre of land and is situated between Jane Street to the west, Keele Street to the east, Steeles Aven ...
, in North York, in the Jane and Finch community. The Glendon campus became a bilingual liberal arts college led by
Escott Reid Escott Graves Meredith Reid, CC (January 21, 1905 – September 28, 1999), was a Canadian diplomat who helped shape the United Nations and NATO, author, international public servant and academic administrator. Early life and education Born i ...
, who envisaged it as a national institution to educate Canada's future leaders, a vision shared by Prime Minister Lester Pearson, who formally opened Glendon College in 1966. The first Canadian undergraduate program in dance opened at York University in 1970. In 1972,
Canada Post Canada Post Corporation (french: Société canadienne des postes), trading as Canada Post (french: Postes Canada), is a Crown corporation that functions as the primary postal operator in Canada. Originally known as Royal Mail Canada (the opera ...
featured the nascent institution on 8¢ stamps, entitled ''York University Campus, North York, Ont.'' The first Canadian PhD program in women's studies opened with five candidates in January 1992. Its bilingual mandate and focus on the liberal arts continue to shape Glendon's special status within York University. The new Keele Campus was regarded as somewhat isolated, in a generally industrialized part of the city. Petrol storage facilities are still across the street. Some of the early architecture was unpopular with many, not only for the brutalist designs, but the vast expanses between buildings, which was not viewed as suitable for the climate. In the last two decades, the campus has been intensified with new buildings, including a dedicated student centre and new fine arts, computer science and business administration buildings, a small shopping mall, and a hockey arena. The
Aviva Centre Sobeys Stadium, formerly Aviva Centre and Rexall Centre, is a tennis stadium in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The 12,500-capacity Stadium Court is the largest stadium at the tennis complex. Sobeys Stadium is the venue for the National Bank Open pres ...
tennis stadium, built in 2004, is a perennial host of the
Canada Masters The Canadian Open (french: Tournoi de tennis du Canada), also known as the Canada Masters, and currently branded as the National Bank Open presented by Rogers for sponsorship reasons, is an annual tennis tournament held in Ontario and Quebec. T ...
tennis tournament. As Toronto has spread further out, York has found itself in a relatively central location within the built-up Greater Toronto Area (GTA), and in particular, near the
Jane and Finch Jane and Finch is a neighbourhood located in the northwest end of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in the district of North York. Centred at the intersection of Jane Street and Finch Avenue West, the area is roughly bounded by Highway 400 to the wes ...
neighbourhood. Its master plan envisages a denser on-campus environment commensurate with that location. Students occupied the university's administration offices in March 1997, protesting escalating tuition hikes. In June 2014, the university announced that a new campus would be constructed in
Markham, Ontario Markham () is a city in the Regional Municipality of York, Ontario, Canada. It is approximately northeast of Downtown Toronto. In the 2021 Census, Markham had a population of 338,503, which ranked it the largest in York Region, fourth largest ...
. The campus will be built near Highway 407, between Kennedy Road and Warden Avenue in partnership with
Seneca College Seneca College of Applied Arts and Technology is a multiple-campus public college in the Greater Toronto Area, and Peterborough, Ontario, Canada regions. It offers full-time and part-time programs at the baccalaureate, diploma, certificate an ...
. The new campus would house approximately 4,200 students and is anticipated to accommodate up to 10,000 students in future phases. On May 20, 2015, the provincial government announced it will provide financial contribution to this new project. On October 24, 2018, the provincial government announced it would pull its funding for the campus, along with funding for the planned satellite campuses of Laurier University and
Ryerson University Toronto Metropolitan University (TMU or Toronto Met) is a public research university located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The university's core campus is situated within the Garden District, although it also operates facilities elsewhere in Tor ...
. After this cancellation of funding for the Markham project, York University and its partners planned to seek alternative funding. In July 2020, the provincial government allowed plans for the university to go through.


Campuses


Keele Campus

The Keele Campus is the main campus of York University and is located in northern
Toronto Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the anch ...
bordering York Region. Most of the university's faculties reside here, including Liberal Arts, Fine Arts, Business, Law, Environmental Studies, Science and Engineering, Education, and Health. All together, nearly 50,000 students attend classes on the Keele campus.
York University station York University is a subway station on Line 1 Yonge–University of the Toronto subway. It is located on the main Keele Campus of York University, near Ian Macdonald and York Boulevards in the former city of North York. History The official g ...
is a Toronto subway station located on Keele campus. Other transit infrastructure located on Keele campus or nearby includes the
York University Busway The York University Busway is a bus-only roadway in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, which stretches from Finch West subway station to Dufferin Street. It is used by the Toronto Transit Commission's 939B Finch Express bus route. The busway was constr ...
and the
York University GO Station York University GO Station was a train station on GO Transit's Barrie line, in the North York district of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The station served York University but was located in an industrial area away from the York campus; it was conne ...
.


Glendon Campus

Glendon College is a bilingual liberal arts faculty and separate campus of York University. Glendon College is home to the Leslie Frost library.


Markham Campus

In 2018, York University announced a proposal to construct a third campus in the city of Markham. The Government of Ontario supported to partially fund the construction and was announced by premier
Doug Ford Douglas Robert Ford Jr. (born November 20, 1964) is a Canadian politician and businessman who has served as the 26th and current premier of Ontario since June 2018 and leader of the Progressive Conservative (PC) Party since March 2018. He ...
on July 23, 2020.


Other locations

While most of the Schulich School of Business and Osgoode Hall Law School programs are offered at the Keele Campus, both of them maintain satellite facilities in downtown Toronto. Schulich operates the Miles S. Nadal Management Centre at 222 Bay Street (Ernst & Young Tower within the Toronto-Dominion Centre), while Osgoode Hall has a Professional Development Centre at One Dundas West Tower within the
Toronto Eaton Centre The Toronto Eaton Centre (corporately styled as the CF Toronto Eaton Centre since September 2015, and commonly referred to simply as the Eaton Centre) is a shopping mall and office complex in the downtown core of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is ...
. Faculty of Environmental and Urban Change The Lillian Meighen Wright Centre is billed as an eco campus next to Las Nubes Forest Reserve in Costa Rica.


Academics

York's approximately 1500 full-time faculty and academic librarians and archivists are represented by the
York University Faculty Association The York University Faculty Association (YUFA) is the professional association and trade union for full-time faculty, librarians, archivists and post-doctoral visitors at York University in Toronto, Ontario. Faculty at Osgoode Hall Law School ...
. Contract faculty, teaching assistants, and graduate assistants are represented by CUPE Local 3903.


Admissions

York University has over 120 undergraduate programs with 17 degree types (BA, iBA, BHS, BSc, iBSc, BBA, iBBA, BEng, BES, BDes, BPA, BFA, BCom, BEd, BDEM, BHRM, BScN, BSW) and offers over 170 degree options. They admit to 30 international degrees offering international language study and opportunities to study abroad at more than 100 international universities. Its international students represent over 150 countries around the world. York University's Film Department houses Canada's oldest
film school A film school is an educational institution dedicated to teaching aspects of filmmaking, including such subjects as film production, film theory, digital media production, and screenwriting. Film history courses and hands-on technical training ar ...
.


Reputation

York University has ranked in a number of post-secondary rankings. In the 2022 '' Academic Ranking of World Universities'' rankings, the university ranked 401–500 in the world and 18–19 in Canada. The 2023 ''
QS World University Rankings ''QS World University Rankings'' is an annual publication of university rankings by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS). The QS system comprises three parts: the global overall ranking, the subject rankings (which name the world's top universities for the ...
'' ranked the university 456th in the world, and sixteenth in Canada. The 2023 ''
Times Higher Education World University Rankings The ''Times Higher Education World University Rankings'' (often referred to as the THE Rankings) is an annual publication of university rankings by the ''Times Higher Education'' (THE) magazine. The publisher had collaborated with Quacquarelli ...
'' ranked York 401–500 in the world, and 17th in Canada. York ranked 14th Globally and fourth in Canada in the ''Times Higher Education Impact Rankings for Climate Action''. In the 2022–23 '' U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking'', the university ranked 426th in the world, and 16th in Canada. The Canadian-based ''
Maclean's ''Maclean's'', founded in 1905, is a Canadian news magazine reporting on Canadian issues such as politics, pop culture, and current events. Its founder, publisher John Bayne Maclean, established the magazine to provide a uniquely Canadian persp ...
'' magazine ranked York University fifth in their 2023 Canadian comprehensive university category, tied with
Carleton University Carleton University is an English-language public research university in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Founded in 1942 as Carleton College, the institution originally operated as a private, non-denominational evening college to serve returning Wo ...
. The university's research performance has been noted in several
bibliometric Bibliometrics is the use of statistical methods to analyse books, articles and other publications, especially in regard with scientific contents. Bibliometric methods are frequently used in the field of library and information science. Biblio ...
university rankings, which uses
citation analysis Citation analysis is the examination of the frequency, patterns, and graphs of citations in documents. It uses the directed graph of citations — links from one document to another document — to reveal properties of the documents. A t ...
to evaluates the
impact Impact may refer to: * Impact (mechanics), a high force or shock (mechanics) over a short time period * Impact, Texas, a town in Taylor County, Texas, US Science and technology * Impact crater, a meteor crater caused by an impact event * Impac ...
a university has on academic publications. The 2019
Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities The Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities or NTU Ranking is a ranking system of world universities by scientific paper volume, impact, and performance output. The ranking was originally published from 2007 to 2011 by the ...
ranked the university 488th in the world, and 19th in Canada, whereas the
University Ranking by Academic Performance The University Ranking by Academic Performance (URAP) is a College and university rankings, university ranking developed by the Informatics Institute of Middle East Technical University. Since 2010, it has been publishing annual national and glob ...
placed the university 488th in the world, and 19th in Canada. York University has also been featured in rankings that evaluates the employment prospects of its graduates. In ''QS's'' 2022 graduate employability ranking, the university ranked 301–500 in the world, and 10–17 in Canada.


Faculties

York University's Film Department houses Canada's oldest
film school A film school is an educational institution dedicated to teaching aspects of filmmaking, including such subjects as film production, film theory, digital media production, and screenwriting. Film history courses and hands-on technical training ar ...
and has been ranked one of the best in Canada, with an acceptance rate comparable to that of
USC School of Cinematic Arts The University of Southern California School of Cinematic Arts (SCA) houses seven academic divisions: Film & Television Production; Cinema & Media Studies; John C. Hench Division of Animation + Digital Arts; John Wells Division of Writing for Sc ...
and
Tisch School of the Arts The New York University Tisch School of the Arts (commonly referred to as Tisch) is the performing, cinematic and media arts school of New York University. Founded on August 17, 1965, Tisch is a training ground for artists, scholars of the a ...
. York University is home to the oldest and largest environmental studies faculty in Canada. From 1999 to 2018, York University offered the first and largest graphic design program in Ontario York/Sheridan Design (YSDN).YSDN York Sheridan Program in Design , York Master of Design
Design.yorku.ca (2010-11-26). Retrieved on 2010-12-11.
It was a four-year University degree delivered jointly by the two leading educational institutions of design in Canada (York University and
Sheridan College Sheridan College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning (formerly Sheridan College of Applied Arts and Technology) is a public polytechnic institute of technology located in the west- Greater Toronto Area in Ontario, Canada. Founded i ...
). The joint program has been discontinued and beginning with the class entering in 2019, four-year design students will enrol in a new Bachelor of Design offered by York University, one which is geared for the future of the profession. The
Osgoode Hall Law School Osgoode Hall Law School, commonly shortened to Osgoode, is the law school of York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The law school is home to the Law Commission of Ontario, the Journal of Law and Social Policy, and the '' Osgoode Hall L ...
moved from a downtown location to the York campus in 1969, following the requirement that every law school affiliate with a university. Osgoode Hall offers a number of joint and combined programs.


Research centres and institutes

* Centre for
Atmospheric Chemistry Atmospheric chemistry is a branch of atmospheric science in which the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets is studied. It is a multidisciplinary approach of research and draws on environmental chemistry, physics, meteorol ...
* Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions * Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science * Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry * Centre for Vision Research (CVR) * York Institute for Social Research * York Institute for Health Research * Robarts Centre for Canadian Studies * Centre for Feminist Research * Israel and Golda Koschitzky Centre for Jewish Studies * York Centre for Asian Research * York Centre for International and Security Studies *
York Entrepreneurship Development Institute York Entrepreneurship Development Institute (YEDI) is a venture fund, startup accelerator, incubator and entrepreneurial community located within York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. YEDI facilitates collaboration between students, alumn ...
(YEDI) * Centre for Public Policy and Law * Centre for Refugee Studies * Centre for Research on Latin America and the Caribbean * Institute for Technoscience and Society * Institute for Research on Learning Technologies * The Jack and Mae Nathanson Centre on Transnational Human Rights, Crime and Security * LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research * The City Institute at York University (CITY) * Global Labour Research Centre * The Harriet Tubman Institute for Research on the Global Migrations of African Peoples * York Centre for Education and Community * Muscle Health Research Centre * Sensorium: The Centre for Digital Arts and Technology * Centre for Research on Language Contact * York Centre for Field Robotics * The Mariano A. Elia Chair in Italian Canadian Studies * Psychology Resource Centre The Art Gallery of York University houses the permanent art collections. The collection of 1500 objects includes Canadian, American, Inuit, and European mixed media, multimedia, installations, painting, photography, prints, drawings, sculpture, sketchbooks, film and video. The School of the Arts, Media, Performance and Design (AMPD, formerly the Faculty of Fine Arts),School of the Arts, Media, Performance and Design (AMPD)
Yorku.ca. Retrieved on 2015-03-01.
offers programmes such as design, ethnomusicology, cultural studies, visual arts, music, dance, and theatre. York's
Jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues and ragtime. Since the 1920s Jazz Age, it has been recognized as a m ...
Department was once overseen by
Oscar Peterson Oscar Emmanuel Peterson (August 15, 1925 – December 23, 2007) was a Canadian virtuoso jazz pianist and composer. Considered one of the greatest jazz pianists of all time, Peterson released more than 200 recordings, won seven Grammy Awards ...
. York also has a joint Bachelor of Design program with
Sheridan College Sheridan College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning (formerly Sheridan College of Applied Arts and Technology) is a public polytechnic institute of technology located in the west- Greater Toronto Area in Ontario, Canada. Founded i ...
. York's Departments of Film, Theatre and Creative Writing (which is not affiliated with the Faculty of Fine Arts) offers programmes in film production/directing, acting, and writing respectively, producing many award-winning graduates.


Seneca@York

The Keele campus is host to a satellite facility of
Seneca College Seneca College of Applied Arts and Technology is a multiple-campus public college in the Greater Toronto Area, and Peterborough, Ontario, Canada regions. It offers full-time and part-time programs at the baccalaureate, diploma, certificate an ...
, and York University offers a number of joint programs with Seneca College


Libraries

The York University library has a number of branches. The Scott Library has materials in humanities, social sciences, fine arts, and environmental studies. The business library is the Peter F. Bronfman Business Library.


Study abroad programs

The university also offers the opportunity for students to earn credits towards their degree while studying abroad through international internships, the "Discover India" program operated between York and
FLAME University FLAME University is a private, coeducational and fully residential liberal education university located in Pune, India. It was formerly known as FLAME - Foundation for Liberal and Management Education. Leadership The academic program at the FLA ...
, and
student exchange A student exchange program is a program in which students from a secondary school (high school) or university study abroad at one of their institution's partner institutions. A student exchange program may involve international travel, but do ...
programs. The university has student exchange agreements with over 120 institutions in 40 countries.


Student life


Colleges and residences

York has nine undergraduate
residential college A residential college is a division of a university that places academic activity in a community setting of students and faculty, usually at a residence and with shared meals, the college having a degree of autonomy and a federated relationship wi ...
s:


Student unions and organizations

York University is home to over 350 student clubs. A number of larger student organizations are supported by student levy fees. These include the local chapters of the social justice group OPIRG, and
Regenesis ''ReGenesis'' is a Canadian science-fiction television series produced by The Movie Network and Movie Central in conjunction with Shaftesbury Films. The series, which ran for four seasons from 2004 to 2008, revolves around the scientists of No ...
, an environmental organization on campus that runs
farmers' market A farmers' market (or farmers market according to the AP stylebook, also farmer's market in the Cambridge Dictionary) is a physical retail marketplace intended to sell foods directly by farmers to consumers. Farmers' markets may be indoors or o ...
s at the Keele and Glendon campuses, a free store, a community bike centre and an borrowing centre.


The Village at York University

The
Village at York York University Heights, also known as Northwood Park, is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is one of Toronto's northernmost neighbourhoods, located along the northern boundary of Steeles Avenue in the former city of North York. The ...
University off-campus student housing area has become a popular area of accommodation for many upper-year and post-graduate students, and the area has had a large amount of attention particularly for large parties hosted by students, including the annual Battle of the Village kegger held in March. There have also been many reports of the level of noise pollution from late-night parties from students living in the area. Safety has also been a pressing issue.


Campus media

''
Excalibur Excalibur () is the legendary sword of King Arthur, sometimes also attributed with magical powers or associated with the rightful sovereignty of Britain. It was associated with the Arthurian legend very early on. Excalibur and the Sword in th ...
'' has been the university's autonomous student newspaper since 1966. In 2008, the ''YU Free Press'' was formed as an alternative campus newspaper. ''
Existere ''Existere - Journal of Arts & Literature'' is a Canadian magazine that publishes twice a year through York University's Writing Department in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The magazine publishes poetry, short stories, Article (publishing), articles, ...
'' is magazine published by students of the university's professional writing program. The magazine was first published in 1978. ''YorkU Magazine'' (est. 2003) is the official magazine of York University. It is published 3 times a year in both a print and digital format.


Athletics

The university is represented in
U Sports U Sports (stylized as U SPORTS) is the national sport governing body of university sport in Canada, comprising the majority of degree-granting universities in the country. Its equivalent body for organized sports at colleges in Canada is the C ...
by the
York Lions The York Lions is the official name for the athletic varsity teams that represent York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The university's varsity teams compete in the Ontario University Athletics conference of U Sports and, where applicable ...
. Beginning in 1968 York's sporting teams were known as the "
Yeomen Yeoman is a noun originally referring either to one who owns and cultivates land or to the middle ranks of servants in an English royal or noble household. The term was first documented in mid-14th-century England. The 14th century also witn ...
", after the Yeomen Warders, the guardians of the fortress and palace at the
Tower of London The Tower of London, officially His Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, which is sep ...
, otherwise known as Beefeaters. Later, the name "Yeowomen" was introduced to encourage women to participate in sports. Popular sentiment ran against this name scheme, however, as many students were fond of noting that a "Yeowoman" was fictitious, neither a real word nor having any historical merit. In 2003, after conducting an extensive internal study, the university replaced both names with the "Lions", as part of a larger renaming effort, and a new logo, now a white and red lion, was brought into line with the university's new visual scheme. The name change also brought York University in line with the 92% of other Canadian universities which use a single name for both sexes' sports teams. Ironically, students often refer to the female Lions teams as the "York Lionesses", even though the name "Lion" is intended to apply to both sexes. York offers 29 interuniversity sport teams, 12 sport clubs, 35 intramural sport leagues, special events and 10 pick-up sport activities offered daily. York University has several athletic facilities, some of which are used for major tournaments. These include a football stadium, 4 gymnasia, 5 sport playing fields, 4 softball fields, 9 outdoor tennis courts, 5 squash courts, 3 dance/aerobic studios, 6 ice arenas, a swimming pool, an expanding fitness centre and the new
Aviva Centre Sobeys Stadium, formerly Aviva Centre and Rexall Centre, is a tennis stadium in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The 12,500-capacity Stadium Court is the largest stadium at the tennis complex. Sobeys Stadium is the venue for the National Bank Open pres ...
(home of the Rogers Tennis Cup). In 2014 the York Lions won four banners: the
Canadian Interuniversity Sport U Sports (stylized as U SPORTS) is the national sport governing body of university sport in Canada, comprising the majority of degree-granting universities in the country. Its equivalent body for organized sports at colleges in Canada is the Ca ...
(CIS) men's national
track and field Track and field is a sport that includes athletic contests based on running, jumping, and throwing skills. The name is derived from where the sport takes place, a running track and a grass field for the throwing and some of the jumping eve ...
championship, the
Ontario University Athletics Ontario University Athletics (OUA; french: Sports universitaires de l'Ontario) is a regional membership association for Canadian universities which assists in co-ordinating competition between their university level athletic programs and providin ...
women's provincial
tennis Tennis is a racket sport that is played either individually against a single opponent ( singles) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles). Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball ...
championship and both the OUA and CIS men's soccer titles. York will be hosting the 2015 CIS Men's Soccer Championships at York Stadium November, 2015. In 2015 and 2016 York Lions Women's Tennis team won the Canadian University National Championships. The volleyball team has been coached by, among others, Olympian
Sam Schachter Samuel Schachter (born May 8, 1990) is a Canadian Olympic beach volleyball player. In 2010 he won the FIVB World Junior (U-21) Championship with Garrett May. At the 2013 Maccabiah Games in Israel, he and Team Canada won a silver medal. He and pa ...
.


Fight song

Notable among a number of songs commonly played and sung at various events such as commencement and convocation, and athletic games are: "York Song", sung to the tune "Harvard".


Fraternities and sororities

Fraternities and sororities are not recognized by York University.
Phi Delta Phi Phi Delta Phi () is an international legal honor society and the oldest legal organization in continuous existence in the United States. Phi Delta Phi was originally a professional fraternity but became an honor society in 2012. The fraternity ...
(ΦΔΦ) international legal fraternity, at Osgoode Law School, was given special dispensation when the law school became part of the university, as the fraternity's history with the law school dated back to 1896, and is recognized at York.


Notable people

York has over 200,000 living alumni. Although a large number of alumni live in Ontario, a significant number live in British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Alberta, New York, and Washington, D.C. York also has over 25,000 alumni overseas. File:Steve MacLean.jpg, Steve MacLean, BSc '77, PhD '83 File:Jack Layton-cr bl.jpg,
Jack Layton John Gilbert Layton (July 18, 1950 – August 22, 2011) was a Canadian academic and politician who served as the leader of the New Democratic Party (NDP) from 2003 to 2011 and leader of the Official Opposition in 2011. He previously sat on To ...
, MA '72, PhD '83 File:Rachel McAdams, TIFF 2012 (bright crop).jpg,
Rachel McAdams Rachel Anne McAdams (born November 17, 1978) is a Canadian actress. After graduating from a theatre degree program at York University in 2001, she worked in Canadian television and film productions, such as the drama film ''Perfect Pie'' (200 ...
, BFA '01 File:Jim Flaherty 2007.JPG,
Jim Flaherty James Michael Flaherty (December 30, 1949 – April 10, 2014) was a Canadian politician who served as the federal minister of finance from 2006 to 2014 under Conservative Prime Minister Stephen Harper. First elected to the Legislative Assembly ...
, LLB '73 File:Lilly Singh by Gage Skidmore.jpg,
Lilly Singh Lilly Saini Singh (born September 26, 1988) is a Canadian YouTuber. Singh began making YouTube videos in 2010. She originally appeared under the pseudonym Superwoman (stylized IISuperwomanII), her YouTube username until 2019. In 2016, she was in ...
, BA (Hons) '10 File:John Tory 2014.jpg,
John Tory John Howard Tory (born May 28, 1954) is a Canadian politician who has served as the 65th and current mayor of Toronto since 2014. After a career as a lawyer, political strategist and businessman, Tory ran as a mayoral candidate in the 200 ...
, LLB '78 File:Lincoln Alexander.jpg, Lincoln Alexander, LLB '53 File:PaulNguyen.jpg, Paul Nguyen, BA '04 File:William Lyon Mackenzie King 1942.jpg,
William Lyon Mackenzie King William Lyon Mackenzie King (December 17, 1874 – July 22, 1950) was a Canadian statesman and politician who served as the tenth prime minister of Canada for three non-consecutive terms from 1921 to 1926, 1926 to 1930, and 1935 to 1948. A L ...
, LLB '96 File:Marta Shpak - folk-pop singer-songwriter .jpg, Marta Shpak, MA '20


Distinguished research professors and university professors

The ranks of "distinguished research professor" and "university professor" are the highest rank a professor can achieve at York University. There are only ever up to a maximum of 25 each of active distinguished research professors and active university professors at any time. It is awarded to members of the faculty who have made outstanding contributions to the university through their work in research. * Pat Armstrong, 2010: Sociology, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies * Isabella C. Bakker, 2014: Political Science, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies * Norbert Bartel, 2006: Physics & Astronomy, Science *
Dawn Bazely Dawn R. Bazely (born 30 August 1960) is a full professor in biology in the Faculty of Science, and the former Director of the Institute for Research Innovation in Sustainability (2006-2011 and 2012–2014), at York University in Canada. In 2015 ...
, 2017: Biology, Science * Ellen Bialystok, 2003: Psychology, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies *
Deborah Britzman Deborah P. Britzman is a professor and a practicing psychoanalyst at York University. Britzman's research connects psychoanalysis with contemporary pedagogy, teacher education, social inequality, problems of intolerance and historical crisis. E ...
, 2006: Education * James Carley, 2000: English, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies *
Jean-Gabriel Castel Jean-Gabriel Castel (born 17 September 1928) is a French and Canadian law professor and Distinguished Research Professor Emeritus at Osgoode Hall Law School of York University,Toronto. Biography Born in Nice, France, he served in the French Re ...
, 1986: Osgoode Hall Law School * Jerome Ch'en, 1984: History, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies *
Lorraine Code Lorraine Code (born October 19, 1937) is Professor Emerita of Philosophy at York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. Her principal area of research is feminist epistemology and the politics of kn ...
, 1998: Philosophy, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies * J. Douglas Crawford, 2013: Psychology, Health * Kenneth Davey, 1984: Biology, Science * Sheila Embleton, 2009: Languages, Literatures & Linguistics, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies * Stephen Gill, 2006: Political Science, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies *
Jack Granatstein Jack Lawrence Granatstein (May 21, 1939) is a Canadian historian who specializes in Canadian political and military history.SeJack Granatsteinfrom The Canadian Encyclopedia Education Born on May 21, 1939, in Toronto, Ontario, into a Jewish fam ...
, 1994: History, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies * Leslie S. Greenberg, 2010: Psychology, Health * Philip Gulliver, 1985: Anthropology, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies *
Henry S. Harris Henry Schenck Harris (December 27, 1850, Belvidere, New Jersey – May 2, 1902, Belvidere, New Jersey), was an American lawyer and Democratic Party politician who represented New Jersey's 4th congressional district for one term in the United St ...
, 1984: Philosophy, Glendon *
Robert Haynes Robert Hall Haynes, OC, FRSC (August 27, 1931 – December 22, 1998) was a Canadian geneticist and biophysicist. He was the Distinguished Research Professor in the Department of Biology at York University. Haynes was best known for his contr ...
, 1986: Biology, Science * Michael Herren, 1999: Humanities, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies *
Eric Hessels Eric A. Hessels is a Canadian physicist, currently a Canada Research Chair and Distinguished Research Professor at York University in Toronto, Ontario. In September 2019, Hessels et al. measured the Lamb shift for hydrogen to measure the radius of ...
, 2006: Physics & Astronomy, Science
Richard Hornsey
2015: Electrical Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering * Ian Howard, 1988: Psychology, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies *
Allan Hutchinson Allan C. Hutchinson, FRSC (born 1951) is a British-Canadian lawyer and legal theorist who is currently a Distinguished Research professor at York University York University (french: Université York), also known as YorkU or simply YU, is a pu ...
, 2006: Osgoode Hall Law School *
Christopher Innes Christopher Innes (1941 – 19 June 2017) was a Canadian historian of English Arts, a Canada Research Chair and Distinguished Research Professor at York University. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. References

2017 deaths Ac ...
, 1997: English, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies * Ian Jarvie, 1993: Philosophy, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies *
Michael Kater Michael Hans Kater (born 1937) is a German historian of Nazism. He is a Distinguished Research Professor Emeritus of history at York University, Toronto, and a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada The Royal Society of Canada (RSC; french: Sociét� ...
, 1992: History, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies *
Gabriel Kolko Gabriel Morris Kolko (August 17, 1932 – May 19, 2014) was an American historian. His research interests included American capitalism and political history, the Progressive Era, and U.S. foreign policy in the 20th century. One of the best-known ...
, 1986: History, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies *
A. B. P. Lever A. B. P. Lever is a Canadian chemist, and currently a Distinguished Research Professor Emeritus at York University. He is the founding editor of the Elsevier journal ''Coordination Chemistry Reviews''. Lever is known for the Lever electronic parame ...
, 1998: Chemistry, Science *
Clifford Leznoff Clifford Clarke Leznoff is a Canadian chemist, currently a Distinguished Research Professor at York University. References

Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Academic staff of York University Canadian chemists {{Canada- ...
, 2003: Chemistry, Science *
Paul Lovejoy Paul Lovejoy is a Canadian historian in African history and African diaspora history. He is currently a Distinguished Research Professor and Canada Research Chair at York University. Work Lovejoy is the founding director of the Harriet Tubman ...
, 1997: History, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies * John C. McConnell, 2005: Earth & Space Science & Engineering, Science & Engineering * Gareth Morgan, 1992: Commerce, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies * H. V. Nelles, 2001: History, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies * Hiroshi Ono, 2001: Psychology, Arts *
Leo Panitch Leo Victor Panitch (3 May 1945 – 19 December 2020) was a distinguished research professor of political science and a Canada Research Chair in comparative political economy at York University. From 1985 until the 2021 edition, he served as co-ed ...
, 1999: Political Science, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies * Debra Pepler, 2008: Psychology, Health * Huw Pritchard, 1983: Chemistry, Science * David M. Regan, 1992: Psychology, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies * Marcia H. Rioux, 2013: Health Policy & Management, Health *
Beryl Rowland Beryl Winnifred Rowland (April 10, 1918 - April 24, 2003) was a Scottish-Canadian literature scholar, especially of Chaucer, having been Distinguished Research Professor at York University in Toronto. She was the first woman doctoral graduate in E ...
, 1983: English, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies * Stuart Shanker, 2005: Psychology, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies * Gordon Shepherd, 1993: Earth & Space Science, Science * K.W. Michael Siu, 2008: Chemistry, Science *
Brian Slattery Brian Slattery, B.A., BCL, D.Phil., F.R.S.C., is a Professor Emeritus of Law at Osgoode Hall Law School, York University, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He is a prominent academic in Canadian Constitutional Law and Aboriginal rights discourse. He ...
, 2008: Osgoode Hall Law School * Martin Steinbach, 2000: Psychology, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies *
Bridget Stutchbury Bridget J. Stutchbury is a Canadian biologist, currently a Distinguished Research Professor and Canada Research Chair in Ecology and Conservation Biology at York University. She is the author of the book '' Silence of the Songbirds'', finalist for ...
, 2009: Biology, Science *
James Tenney James Tenney (August 10, 1934 – August 24, 2006) was an American composer and music theorist. He made significant early musical contributions to plunderphonics, sound synthesis, algorithmic composition, process music, spectral music, microto ...
, 1995: Music, Fine Arts *
John Tsotsos John Tsotsos (born September 3, 1952) is a Canadian Computer Scientist whose research spans the fields of Computer Vision, Human Vision, Robotics, and Artificial Intelligence. He is best known for his work in attention, visual attention, specific ...
, 2008: Computer Science & Engineering, Science & Engineering * Leah Vosko, 2003: Political Science, Liberal Arts & Professional Studies *
Jianhong Wu Jianhong Wu (吴建宏; born in 1964) is a Canadian applied mathematician and the founding Director of the Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics at York University. He is the inaugural Director of thYork Emergency Mitigation, Engagement, ...
, 2011: Mathematics & Statistics, Science


Chancellors

* Wilfred Curtis, former Chief of the Air Staff of the
Royal Canadian Air Force The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF; french: Aviation royale canadienne, ARC) is the air and space force of Canada. Its role is to "provide the Canadian Forces with relevant, responsive and effective airpower". The RCAF is one of three environm ...
, (December 1959 - June 1968) * Floyd Chalmers, publishing executive and philanthropist, (July 1968 - September 1973) *
Walter L. Gordon Walter Lockhart Gordon (January 27, 1906 – March 21, 1987) was a Canadian accountant, businessman, politician, and writer. Education Born in Toronto, he was educated at Upper Canada College and the Royal Military College of Canada in Kings ...
, former federal finance minister, (October 1973 - November 1977) * John P. Robarts, former premier of Ontario, (December 1977 - May 1982) * John S. Proctor, former bank executive, (May 1982 - September 1983) * J. Tuzo Wilson, geophysicist, (September 1983 - June 1986) *
Larry Clarke Larry Denman Clarke, OC, LLD (Hon) (June 12, 1925 – October 22, 2015) was a Canadian businessman and the founder, president, chief executive officer, and chairman of SPAR Aerospace Limited, the designer of the Canadarm. He is a founding Dire ...
, founder of
SPAR Aerospace SPAR Aerospace was a Canadian aerospace company. It produced equipment for the Canadian Space Agency to be used in cooperation with NASA's Space Shuttle program, most notably the Canadarm, a remote manipulator system. The company went through a s ...
, (July 1986 - June 1991) *
Oscar Peterson Oscar Emmanuel Peterson (August 15, 1925 – December 23, 2007) was a Canadian virtuoso jazz pianist and composer. Considered one of the greatest jazz pianists of all time, Peterson released more than 200 recordings, won seven Grammy Awards ...
, jazz pianist, (September 1991 - February 1994) *
Arden Haynes Arden Haynes, (born August 7, 1927) was a Canadian businessman and the ninth Chancellor of York University (1994 to 1998). Born in Saskatchewan, he attended the University of Manitoba, where he was admitted to the Zeta Psi fraternity, graduating ...
, former CEO of Imperial Oil, (February 1994 - April 1998) *
Avie Bennett Avie Bennett, (January 2, 1928 – June 2, 2017) was a Canadian businessman and philanthropist. He was the founder of First Plazas, a real estate development company that built retail strip malls in Canada. Bennett also served as the tenth c ...
, philanthropist, (May 1998 - June 2004) * Peter deCarteret Cory, former justice of the Supreme Court of Canada, (June 2004 - May 2008) * Roy McMurtry, former Chief Justice of Ontario, (May 2008 - June 2014) * Gregory Sorbara, former Ontario cabinet minister, (June 2014 – present)


Presidents

* Murray G. Ross, academic 1959–1970 *
David Slater David Slater (born November 22, 1962) is an American singer and songwriter. Career Slater was the male vocalist champion on TV's ''Star Search'' in 1987. Slater then signed a recording contract with Capitol Records and launched a country mus ...
, economist and civil servant 1970–1973 * H. Ian Macdonald, economist and civil servant 1973–1984 * Harry W. Arthurs, lawyer and academic 1985–1992 * Susan Mann, historian and academic, 1993–1997 * Lorna Marsden, academic and politician 1997–2007 *
Mamdouh Shoukri Mamdouh Shoukri, was the seventh President and Vice-Chancellor of York University, serving two terms from 2007 to 2017.Toronto Star"Muslim president for York University" Feb 08, 2007Y File, York University's Daily Bulletin"McMaster's Mamdouh Shouk ...
, academic, 2007–2017 * Rhonda Lenton, academic (sociologist), 2017–present


Labour disruptions

York University has a history of faculty and
teaching assistant A teaching assistant or teacher's aide (TA) or education assistant (EA) or team teacher (TT) is an individual who assists a teacher with instructional responsibilities. TAs include ''graduate teaching assistants'' (GTAs), who are graduate stude ...
strikes. In 1997, there was a faculty strike by YUFA that lasted seven weeks. At the time, this was the second longest strike in Canadian University history. Key issues in the strike included retirement, funding, and institutional governance. In 2001, teaching assistants and contract faculty went on strike for 11 weeks, when the university broke its own record. The central issue in the 2001 disruption was the administration's proposed attempts to remove tuition indexation language. ;2008 CUPE 3903 Strike A strike beginning on November 6, 2008 concerned a variety of institutional grievances, including job security for contract professors, elimination of the Non-Academic Student Code of Conduct, creation of whistleblower protection, and fund indexation. On January 20, 2009, CUPE 3903 defeated a forced ratification vote that would have ended the strike. On January 24, Ontario premier
Dalton McGuinty Dalton James Patrick McGuinty Jr. (born July 19, 1955) is a former Canadian politician who served as the 24th premier of Ontario from 2003 to 2013. He was the first Liberal leader to win two majority governments since Mitchell Hepburn nea ...
announced a rare Sunday recall of the provincial legislature in order to pass back-to-work legislation mandating an immediate end to the strike. On January 29, the York University Labour Disputes Resolution Act was passed in the provincial parliament on a count of 42–8 ending the long 85-day strike and setting a precedent for future university strikes in Ontario. ;2015 CUPE 3903 Strike An additional strike by teaching assistants, contract faculty, and graduate assistants took place throughout March 2015. When the strike began, on March 2, the university cancelled nearly all classes because about 2/3 of York courses were taught by the striking contract faculty at the time. On March 10, the contract faculty ratified a new agreement, but the teaching assistants and graduate assistants rejected tentative agreements the bargaining team had reached with the university. The teaching assistants and graduate assistants, continued their strike until the end of the month. Contract faculty did not go back to work in support of the union and classes remained cancelled. The union reached a tentative agreement with the university on March 29, 2015, which was ratified on March 31, 2015, thus putting an immediate end to the 29-day strike. ;2018 CUPE 3903 Strike Units 1, 2, and 3 of CUPE Local 3903, the union represented by teaching assistants, contract faculty, and graduate assistants, began striking on Monday, March 5, 2018; several months after their previous collective agreement expired on August 31, 2017. The union's aim was to, in their words, "secure a fair collective agreement that, among other things, protected quality education and creates a less precarious working environment in Ontario's university sector." The main issues of the strike revolved around job security and the path to permanent tenured employment for contract faculty. A forced ratification vote was held between April 6–9 and was rejected by an overwhelming majority by all three units. On June 13, a ratification vote was held for Unit 2 members, where the union executives recommended voting against the university's offer. The results of the vote were thrown out due to the fact that there were more ballots cast than signatures of eligible voters. A re-vote was held on June 14 and 15, where Unit 2 ratified the university's offer, with 239 members voting in favour, and 122 opposed. Units 1 and 3 remained on strike until July 25, when the newly formed 42nd Parliament of Ontario led by Premier Doug Ford passed back-to-work legislation via the ''Urgent Priorities Act'', ending the strike after 143 days, making it the longest strike in the post-secondary sector in
Canadian Canadians (french: Canadiens) are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Canadians, many (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of ...
history.


See also

*
Allan I. Carswell Astronomical Observatory The Allan I. Carswell Astronomical Observatory, formerly known as the York University Astronomical Observatory, is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by York University. It is located in the North York district of Toronto, Ontario, Ca ...
* Canadian university scientific research organizations *
Education in Toronto Education is a purposeful activity directed at achieving certain aims, such as transmitting knowledge or fostering skills and character traits. These aims may include the development of understanding, rationality, kindness, and honesty. Va ...
*
Higher education in Ontario Higher education in Ontario includes postsecondary education and skills training regulated by the Ministry of Colleges and Universities and provided by universities, colleges of applied arts and technology, and private career colleges.Ministry ...
* Las Nubes Rainforest Preserve *
List of universities in Ontario Universities in Canada are established and operate under provincial and territorial government charters, except in one case directed by First Nations bands and in another by federal legislation. Most public universities in the country are memb ...


References


Bibliography


Histories

* * * * * * * UPACE (1963) ''Master Plan for the York University Campus''. * York University (1998). ''York Campus Master Plan''.


External links

* {{authority control Educational institutions established in 1959 Universities and colleges in Toronto