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The Yaushev family (, ) was a
Volga Tatar
The Volga Tatars or simply Tatars (; ) are a Turkic ethnic group native to the Volga-Ural region of western Russia. They are subdivided into various subgroups. Volga Tatars are the second-largest ethnic group in Russia after ethnic Russians. ...
noble family that became incorporated into the Russian nobility
The Russian nobility or ''dvoryanstvo'' () arose in the Middle Ages. In 1914, it consisted of approximately 1,900,000 members, out of a total population of 138,200,000. Up until the February Revolution of 1917, the Russian noble estates staffed ...
.
Early history
The family is a branch of theAr begs
Tatars ( )Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary are a group of
in the Collins English Dictionary are a group of
Yaush (), a nobleman mentioned in chronicles related to the
A branch of the larger Yaushev clan became a prominent merchant family in the 19th and early 20th century by trading between Russia and Central Asia. The merchant dynasty was founded in
File:Здание пассажа братьев Якушевых.JPG, Yaushev trading arcade in
Рейтинг ProKazan: самые знаменитые женщины Татарстана прошлых лет
roKazan Rating: The Best-Known Women of Tatarstan in History ''prokazan.ru''
* Mukhamedzhan Seralin, Kazakh journalist, founder of the first
Siege of Kazan
The siege of Kazan or Fall of Kazan in 1552 was the final battle of the Russo-Kazan Wars and led to the fall of the Khanate of Kazan. Conflict continued after the fall of Kazan, however, as rebel governments formed in Çalım and Mişätamaq ...
in 1552. Descendants of Yaush were Serving Tatars in Russia and were granted Russian noble title and land by Ivan the Terrible
Ivan IV Vasilyevich (; – ), commonly known as Ivan the Terrible,; ; monastic name: Jonah. was Grand Prince of Moscow, Grand Prince of Moscow and all Russia from 1533 to 1547, and the first Tsar of all Russia, Tsar and Grand Prince of all R ...
. Under Peter the Great
Peter I (, ;
– ), better known as Peter the Great, was the Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia, Tsar of all Russia from 1682 and the first Emperor of Russia, Emperor of all Russia from 1721 until his death in 1725. He reigned j ...
the Yaushev family was stripped of nobility for the refusal to convert from Islam to the Russian Orthodox Church
The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; ;), also officially known as the Moscow Patriarchate (), is an autocephaly, autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox Christian church. It has 194 dioceses inside Russia. The Primate (bishop), p ...
. In the subsequent decades, parts of the family restored their title.
Merchant family
A branch of the larger Yaushev clan became a prominent merchant family in the 19th and early 20th century by trading between Russia and Central Asia. The merchant dynasty was founded in Troitsk Troitsk (, ''Tróick'') is the name of several types of inhabited localities in Russia, inhabited localities in Russia.
Modern localities
;Urban localities
*Troitsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast, a town in Chelyabinsk Oblast;
*Troitsk, Moscow, a town in Tro ...
in the early 19th century by Gaisa Yaushev (1790–1870). It was later represented by his son Akhmedzhan Yaushev (1818–1875) and gained the largest influence under his grandsons Abdulvali Yaushev (1840–1906) and Mullagali Yaushev
Mullagali Akhmetzhanovich (Gali Akhmetovich) Yaushev (, , ''Mullağali Əxmətcan (Ğaliəxmət) ulı Yawşev''; December 5, 1864 – 1926) was a merchant of the First Guild. He was the head of the "Trading House of the Yaushev Brothers" and an i ...
(1864–1927). The family firm was known as the ''Trading House of the Yaushev Brothers'' ({{langx, ru, link=no, Торговый дом братьев Яушевых) in the early 20th century.Денисов Д. Н. Очерки по истории мусульманских общин Челябинского края (XVIII – начало XX в.) – М: Марджани, 2011 ssays on the history of Muslim communities in the Chelyabinsk Region, by Denis Denisov, 2011/ref>
The Yaushev merchant family owned stores and trading arcades ("passages") in the Southern Ural
Southern Ural (, ) encompasses the south, the widest part of the Ural Mountains, stretches from the river Ufa (near the village of Lower Ufaley) to the Ural River. From the west and east the Southern Ural is limited to the East European Plain, W ...
(Troitsk Troitsk (, ''Tróick'') is the name of several types of inhabited localities in Russia, inhabited localities in Russia.
Modern localities
;Urban localities
*Troitsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast, a town in Chelyabinsk Oblast;
*Troitsk, Moscow, a town in Tro ...
, Chelyabinsk
Chelyabinsk; , is the administrative center and largest types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia. It is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, seventh-largest city in Russia, with a population ...
, Kustanay
Kostanay or Qostanai (, , rus, Костанай, p=kəstɐˈnaj) is a city located on the Tobol River in northern Kazakhstan. It is the administrative center of the Kostanay Region. As of 24 March 2022, the city's governor is Marat Zhundubayev ...
) and Central Asia (Tashkent
Tashkent (), also known as Toshkent, is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Uzbekistan, largest city of Uzbekistan. It is the most populous city in Central Asia, with a population of more than 3 million people as of April 1, 2024. I ...
), as well as cotton, tea, soap and leather manufactures in what now are Russia and Uzbekistan.
The Yaushevs were sponsors and active members of the liberal Muslim movement in Russia, Jadid
The Jadid movement or Jadidism was an Turco-Islamic modernist political, religious, and cultural movement in the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th century. They normally referred to themselves by the Tatar terms ''Taraqqiparvarlar ...
ism. They financed several Islamic modernist schools and mosques, such as the White Mosque in Kustanay
Kostanay or Qostanai (, , rus, Костанай, p=kəstɐˈnaj) is a city located on the Tobol River in northern Kazakhstan. It is the administrative center of the Kostanay Region. As of 24 March 2022, the city's governor is Marat Zhundubayev ...
.
After the October Revolution
The October Revolution, also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution (in Historiography in the Soviet Union, Soviet historiography), October coup, Bolshevik coup, or Bolshevik revolution, was the second of Russian Revolution, two r ...
, the property of the Yaushev merchant family was nationalized by the bolsheviks. The family went into exile to Japan, China, the United States and Western Europe. Some members of the family later returned to Soviet Russia
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Russian Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the labo ...
.
Architecture related to the Yaushev merchant family
Troitsk Troitsk (, ''Tróick'') is the name of several types of inhabited localities in Russia, inhabited localities in Russia.
Modern localities
;Urban localities
*Troitsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast, a town in Chelyabinsk Oblast;
*Troitsk, Moscow, a town in Tro ...
, built in 1908-1911
File:1 - Торговый дом Яушевых (пассаж Яушевых) улица Труда, 92-а.JPG, Yaushev trading arcade in Chelyabinsk
Chelyabinsk; , is the administrative center and largest types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia. It is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, seventh-largest city in Russia, with a population ...
, built in 1912-1913
File:Махаля-мечеть №91.jpg, Zaynulla Rasulev Mosque in Troitsk, construction was financed in 1863-1864 by Gaisa Yaushev
File:Здание мечети (Троицк).JPG, Gataulla Mulla Mosque in Troitsk, construction was financed in 1894–1895 by Abdulvali Yaushev
File:Туркестан.jpg, Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi
The Mausoleum of Khawaja Ahmed Yasawi () is a mausoleum in the city of Turkistan (city), Turkestan, in southern Kazakhstan. The structure was commissioned in 1389 by Timur, who ruled the area as part of the expansive Timurid Empire, to replace a ...
, reparation works financed by the Yaushev family in 1899
File:Yakushev home.JPG, A house belonging to the Yaushev family in Troitsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Troitsk () is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, town in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located east of the southern Ural Mountains and approximately south of Chelyabinsk on the Kazakhstan–Russia border, border with Kazakhstan. It st ...
Muslim cleric family
A different branch of the Yaushev family became religious leaders in what is now northernKazakhstan
Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...
in the second half of the 19th century and early 20th century. Gabdelbari Yaushev (1814—1894) and his son Gabdelvagap Yaushev (1859—1924) were imam
Imam (; , '; : , ') is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Islam, Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a prayer leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Salah, Islamic prayers, serve as community leaders, ...
s and akhoond
Akhund () is a Persian title or surname for Islamic scholars, common in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Azerbaijan. Other names for similar Muslim Scholar include Sheikh and Mullah.
The Standard Chinese word for Imam ...
s in the city of Petropavl
Petropavl ( ; ) is a city on the Ishim River in northern Kazakhstan close to the border with Russia. It is the capital of the North Kazakhstan Region. Population: 218,956.
Petropavl is about from Kökşetau, northwest of the national cap ...
ovsk and trustees of the mosque of the Irbit Fair
The Irbit fair (Russian: Ирби́тская я́рмарка, ''Irbitskaya yarmarka'') was the second largest fair in Imperial Russia after the Makariev Fair. It was held annually in winter in the town of Irbit, trading with tea and fur brought ...
. The family remained in Russia after the revolution and maintained its role as religious leaders in Petropavlovsk during the first years of the Soviet regime.
Descendants
* The Soviet journalist Farid Seiful-Mulyukov was the grandson of the last head of the Yaushev merchant family, Mullagali Yaushev. * Fatykha Aitova (née Yausheva), the daughter of Abdulvali Yaushev, was the founder of the first women's gymnasium inKazan
Kazan; , IPA: Help:IPA/Tatar, ɑzanis the largest city and capital city, capital of Tatarstan, Russia. The city lies at the confluence of the Volga and the Kazanka (river), Kazanka Rivers, covering an area of , with a population of over 1. ...
in 1916.roKazan Rating: The Best-Known Women of Tatarstan in History ''prokazan.ru''
magazine
A magazine is a periodical literature, periodical publication, print or digital, produced on a regular schedule, that contains any of a variety of subject-oriented textual and visual content (media), content forms. Magazines are generally fin ...
in Kazakh language, Ay Qap ''Ay Qap'' (آی قاپ, ''Айқап, Aıqap'' in modern scripts) was a Kazakh journal of opinion and debate published in Troitsk from January 1911 until September 1915 under the editorship of Mūhammedjan Seralin.Екатерина Байняшева. Что мы помним и знаем о великом земляке Мухамеджане Сералине?
hat do we know about our great compatriot Mukhamedzhan Seralin?�— Nash Kostanay, 29.05.2022
hat do we know about our great compatriot Mukhamedzhan Seralin?�— Nash Kostanay, 29.05.2022
Sources
* Чайчиц А. ''Купцы Яушевы. Семейная история''. Казань: Татарское книжное издательство, 2020 �aičics, A. ''The Yaushev Merchants: a Family History''. Kazan: Tatar Book Publishers, 2020">Tatar Book Publishers">�aičics, A. ''The Yaushev Merchants: a Family History''. Kazan: Tatar Book Publishers, 2020References