World's First Hyperboloid Structure
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The Shukhov Tower in Polibino, designed in 1896 by
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
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engineer Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are professionals who Invention, invent, design, build, maintain and test machines, complex systems, structures, gadgets and materials. They aim to fulfill functional objectives and requirements while ...
and
architect An architect is a person who plans, designs, and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that h ...
Vladimir Shukhov Vladimir Grigoryevich Shukhov (; – 2 February 1939) was a Russian and Soviet engineer-polymath, scientist and architect renowned for his pioneering works on new methods of analysis for structural engineering that led to breakthroughs in indu ...
, is the world's first
diagrid A diagrid (a portmanteau of diagonal grid) is a framework of diagonally intersecting metal, concrete, or wooden beams that is used in the construction of buildings and roofs. It requires less structural steel than a conventional steel fram ...
hyperboloid structure Hyperboloid structures are architectural structures designed using a hyperboloid in one sheet. Often these are tall structures, such as towers, where the hyperboloid geometry's structural strength is used to support an object high above the grou ...
. The tower is today located in the former estate of
Yury Nechaev-Maltsov Yury Stepanovich Nechaev-Maltsov (1834–1913) was a leading glassware manufacturer, landlord, patron of the arts, and the major private donor to the Pushkin Museum. He owned a number of shops in Moscow and St. Petersburg where the glassware ...
in the selo of Polibino in
Lipetsk Oblast Lipetsk Oblast () is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Lipetsk. As of the Russian Census (2021), 2021 Census, its population was&n ...
in Russia.


History

Vladimir Shukhov invented hyperboloid towers and was also the first one to use them in
construction Construction are processes involved in delivering buildings, infrastructure, industrial facilities, and associated activities through to the end of their life. It typically starts with planning, financing, and design that continues until the a ...
. For the 1896 All-Russia industrial and art exhibition in
Nizhny Novgorod Nizhny Novgorod ( ; rus, links=no, Нижний Новгород, a=Ru-Nizhny Novgorod.ogg, p=ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj ˈnovɡərət, t=Lower Newtown; colloquially shortened to Nizhny) is a city and the administrative centre of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast an ...
he built the
steel Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon that demonstrates improved mechanical properties compared to the pure form of iron. Due to steel's high Young's modulus, elastic modulus, Yield (engineering), yield strength, Fracture, fracture strength a ...
diagrid A diagrid (a portmanteau of diagonal grid) is a framework of diagonally intersecting metal, concrete, or wooden beams that is used in the construction of buildings and roofs. It requires less structural steel than a conventional steel fram ...
tower A tower is a tall Nonbuilding structure, structure, taller than it is wide, often by a significant factor. Towers are distinguished from guyed mast, masts by their lack of guy-wires and are therefore, along with tall buildings, self-supporting ...
, which became the first
hyperboloid structure Hyperboloid structures are architectural structures designed using a hyperboloid in one sheet. Often these are tall structures, such as towers, where the hyperboloid geometry's structural strength is used to support an object high above the grou ...
in the world. The
hyperboloid In geometry, a hyperboloid of revolution, sometimes called a circular hyperboloid, is the surface generated by rotating a hyperbola around one of its principal axes. A hyperboloid is the surface obtained from a hyperboloid of revolution by def ...
steel
gridshell A gridshell is a structure which derives its strength from its double curvature (in a similar way that a fabric structure derives strength from double curvature), but is constructed of a grid or lattice. The grid can be made of any materia ...
attracted attention of European observers. In particular, the British magazine '' The Engineer'' published an article about the tower. After the exhibition closed, the
openwork In art history, architecture, and related fields, openwork or open-work is any decorative technique that creates holes, piercings, or gaps through a solid material such as metal, wood, stone, pottery, cloth, leather, or ivory. Such techniques ha ...
tower was bought by a leading glassware manufacturer and art sponsor, Yury Nechaev-Maltsov. It was relocated to his estate in Polibino where it has been preserved until now. The estate is currently under state protection (federal level) as a former property of the Nechayev family. The estate consists of a palace,
English park English Park is a football (soccer), football stadium in Christchurch, New Zealand. It is the home stadium of Canterbury United, which competes in the ASB Premiership, as well as Western AFC which currently compete in the Mainland Premier League. ...
, regular gardens, ponds, and more. In the subsequent years, Vladimir Shukhov developed numerous structures of various
hyperboloid In geometry, a hyperboloid of revolution, sometimes called a circular hyperboloid, is the surface generated by rotating a hyperbola around one of its principal axes. A hyperboloid is the surface obtained from a hyperboloid of revolution by def ...
steel
gridshell A gridshell is a structure which derives its strength from its double curvature (in a similar way that a fabric structure derives strength from double curvature), but is constructed of a grid or lattice. The grid can be made of any materia ...
s and used them in hundreds of
water tower A water tower is an elevated structure supporting a water tank constructed at a height sufficient to pressurize a water distribution system, distribution system for potable water, and to provide emergency storage for fire protection. Water towe ...
s, sea lighthouses, masts of warships and supports for power transmission lines. Similar
hyperboloid structure Hyperboloid structures are architectural structures designed using a hyperboloid in one sheet. Often these are tall structures, such as towers, where the hyperboloid geometry's structural strength is used to support an object high above the grou ...
s appeared abroad only ten years after Shukhov's
invention An invention is a unique or novelty (patent), novel machine, device, Method_(patent), method, composition, idea, or process. An invention may be an improvement upon a machine, product, or process for increasing efficiency or lowering cost. It m ...
.


See also

*
List of hyperboloid structures This page is a list of hyperboloid structures. These were first applied in architecture by Russian engineer Vladimir Shukhov (1853–1939). Shukhov built his first example as a water tower (hyperboloid, hyperbolic Thin-shell structure, shell) f ...
*


References


External links


The research of the Shukhov's world's first hyperboloid structure
Prof. Dr. Armin Grün
Photos of Polibino and vicinities
* William Craft Brumfield
"The Origins of Modernism in Russian Architecture"
University of California Press, 1991, .


"Invention of Hyperboloid Structures"
Metropolis & Beyond, 2005.
“Arkhitektura i mnimosti”: The origins of Soviet avant-garde rationalist architecture in the Russian mystical-philosophical and mathematical intellectual tradition”
a dissertation in architecture, 264 p., University of Pennsylvania, 2000. *Rainer Graefe, Jos Tomlow: “Vladimir G. Suchov 1853–1939. Die Kunst der sparsamen Konstruktion.”, 192 S., Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart, 1990, . *Fausto Giovannardi
"Vladimir G. Shukhov e la leggerezza dell’acciaio"
Borgo San Lorenzo, 2007.


Photos

File:Worlds First Hyperboloid structure photo by Sergei Arssenev.jpg, File:Nechaev Palace and Shukhov Tower in Polibino.jpg, File:World First Hiperboloid structure in old Park Polibino.jpg, Image:World First 1896 Hyperboloid Structure by Vladimir Shukhov in 2006.jpg, 2006 Image:World First Hiperboloid structure named Shukhov Tower in Polibino.jpg, 2008 Image:World First Hiperboloid structure by Vladimir Shukhov.jpg, 2008 Image:Worlds First Diagrid Hyperboloid by Shukhov 1896.jpg, 2012 {{Commons category, Shukhov Tower Polibino Lattice shell structures by Vladimir Shukhov Hyperboloid structures Objects of cultural heritage of Russia of federal significance Cultural heritage monuments in Lipetsk Oblast