William G. Reiner is a

urologist Urology (from Greek οὖρον ''ouron'' "urine" and ''-logia'' "study of"), also known as genitourinary surgery, is the branch of medicine that focuses on surgical and medical diseases of the urinary system and the reproductive organs. Org ...

psychiatrist A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in psychiatry. Psychiatrists are physicians who evaluate patients to determine whether their symptoms are the result of a physical illness, a combination of physical and mental ailments or strictly ...

and professor who worked and taught at

Johns Hopkins Hospital Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) is the teaching hospital and biomedical research facility of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1889, Johns Hopkins Hospital and its school of medicine are considered to be the foundin ...

and

University of Oklahoma The University of Oklahoma (OU) is a Public university, public research university in Norman, Oklahoma, United States. Founded in 1890, it had existed in Oklahoma Territory near Indian Territory for 17 years before the two territories became the ...

. He researched individuals with

intersex conditions Intersex people are those born with any of several Sexual characteristics, sex characteristics, including chromosome patterns, gonads, or sex organ, genitals that, according to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human ...

cloacal exstrophy A cloaca ( ), : cloacae ( or ), or vent, is the rear orifice that serves as the only opening for the digestive (rectum), reproductive, and urinary tracts (if present) of many vertebrate animals. All amphibians, reptiles, birds, cartilaginou ...

and

bladder exstrophy Bladder exstrophy is a congenital anomaly that exists along the spectrum of the exstrophy-epispadias complex, and most notably involves protrusion of the urinary bladder through a defect in the abdominal wall. Its presentation is variable, ofte ...

. Reiner carried out follow-up studies on males born with cloacal exstrophy who were reassigned and raised as females near birth. This condition is accompanied with normal prenatal androgen effects. Despite this reassignment, he found they were often masculine in play, interests, and sexually attracted to females. He believes that genetic males with male typical prenatal androgen effects should be reared male. According to Bailey: According to an interview in ''

The Boston Globe ''The Boston Globe,'' also known locally as ''the Globe'', is an American daily newspaper founded and based in Boston, Massachusetts. The newspaper has won a total of 27 Pulitzer Prizes. ''The Boston Globe'' is the oldest and largest daily new ...

'', Reiner has followed up on the sexual orientation of around 70 genetic males who were raised as girls. Only one reported having sexual attractions to males, "I’m more convinced than ever that sexual orientation is built in... certainly for males" he said. Reiner trained in adult and pediatric urology at Johns Hopkins and worked with patients with bladder entropy and other urological birth conditions from 1976. He then trained in psychiatry and child psychiatry at Johns Hopkins, further working with exstrophy patients. Reiner was on faculty at Johns Hopkins Hospital full-time until 2003, and then moved to part time. Between 2003 and 2016, he was also on the faulty at the University of Oklahoma Health Science Center as a professor, retiring in 2016 as a professor emeritus.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reiner, William Urologists Intersex healthcare Johns Hopkins University faculty Year of birth missing (living people) Living people