Vladimir ( rus, Влади́мир, p=vlɐ'dʲimʲɪr, a=Ru-Владимир.ogg) is a
city
A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
and the
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located.
In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
of
Vladimir Oblast
Vladimir Oblast (russian: Влади́мирская о́бласть, ''Vladimirskaya oblast'') is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its closest border 66 Meter, km east of central Moscow, the administrative cen ...
,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
, located on the
Klyazma River, east of
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 millio ...
. It is served by a railway and the
M7 motorway. Population:
History
Vladimir was
one of the medieval capitals of Russia, with significant buildings surviving from the 12th century. Two of its Russian Orthodox cathedrals, a monastery, and associated buildings have been designated as among the
White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal, a UNESCO
World Heritage Site
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for h ...
. In the past, the city was also known as Vladimir-on-Klyazma () and Vladimir-Zalessky (), to distinguish it from
another Vladimir in
Volhynia (modern
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
).
Foundation
The founding date of Vladimir is disputed between 990 and 1108. In the ''
Novgorod First Chronicle
The Novgorod First Chronicle (russian: Новгородская первая летопись) or The Chronicle of Novgorod, 1016–1471 is the most ancient extant Old Russian chronicle of the Novgorodian Rus'. It reflects a tradition different ...
'', Vladimir is mentioned under the year 1108, and during the Soviet period, this year was decreed to be its foundation year with the view that attributes the founding of the city, and its name, to
Vladimir Monomakh
Vladimir II Monomakh (Old East Slavic: Володимѣръ Мономахъ, ''Volodiměrŭ Monomakhŭ''; uk, Володимир Мономах, translit=Volodymyr Monomakh; russian: Владимир Мономах; Christian name: ''Vasiliy'' ...
, who inherited the region as part of the
Rostov-Suzdal Principality in 1093. It is named there as ''Volodimer''. The chronicles also describe how inhabitants from neighbouring towns, namely
Suzdal and
Rostov
Rostov ( rus, Росто́в, p=rɐˈstof) is a town in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, one of the oldest in the country and a tourist center of the Golden Ring. It is located on the shores of Lake Nero, northeast of Moscow. Population:
While ...
, alluded to Vladimir as a young town. Accordingly, the 850th anniversary of the city foundation was celebrated in 1958, with many monuments from the celebrations adorning the city; this enabled
Nikita Khrushchev, who recently took power in the Soviet Union, to link his administration with early Russian history.
In the 1990s, a new opinion developed that the city was instead founded in 990 by
Vladimir the Great
Vladimir I Sviatoslavich or Volodymyr I Sviatoslavych ( orv, Володимѣръ Свѧтославичь, ''Volodiměrъ Svętoslavičь'';, ''Uladzimir'', russian: Владимир, ''Vladimir'', uk, Володимир, ''Volodymyr''. Se ...
, with local historians supporting the alternative foundation date and citing various chronicle sources. Scholars reinterpreted certain passages in the ''
Hypatian Codex The Hypatian Codex (also known as Hypatian Letopis or Ipatiev Letopis; be, Іпацьеўскі летапіс; russian: Ипатьевская летопись; uk, Іпатіївський літопис) is a ''svod'' (compendium) of three ''l ...
,'' which mentions that the region was visited by
Vladimir the Great
Vladimir I Sviatoslavich or Volodymyr I Sviatoslavych ( orv, Володимѣръ Свѧтославичь, ''Volodiměrъ Svętoslavičь'';, ''Uladzimir'', russian: Владимир, ''Vladimir'', uk, Володимир, ''Volodymyr''. Se ...
, the "father" of
Russian Orthodoxy, in 990, so as to move the city foundation date to that year. The Charter of Vladimir, the
basic law of the city passed in 2005, explicitly mentions 990 as the date of the city's foundation.
[Charter of Vladimir, Article 3.] The city administration officially recognizes 990 as the foundation date.
Vladimir-Suzdal
The city's most historically significant events occurred after the turn of the 12th century. Serving its original purpose as a defensive outpost for the
Rostov-Suzdal Principality, Vladimir had little political or military influence throughout the reign of Vladimir Monomakh (1113–1125), or his son
Yury Dolgoruky
Yuri I Vladimirovich ( rus, Юрий Владимирович, Yuriy Vladimirovich), commonly known as Yuri Dolgorukiy or the Long Arm ( rus, Юрий Долгорукий, Yuriy Dolgorukiy, meaning "Far-Reaching", c. 109915 May 1157) was a Rur ...
("Far-Reaching") (1154–1157).
Under Dolgoruky's son,
Andrey Bogolyubsky (1157–1175) (also known as Andrew the Pious), the city became the center of the
Vladimir-Suzdal Principality. It had a Golden Age, which lasted until the
Mongol invasion of Rus' in 1237. During this time, Vladimir enjoyed immense growth and prosperity. Andrey oversaw the building of the city's
Golden Gates and the
Dormition Cathedral. In 1164, Andrey attempted to establish a new
metropolitanate in Vladimir, separate from that of Kiev. He was rebuffed by the
Patriarch of Constantinople.
Scores of Russian,
German, and
Georgian masons worked on Vladimir's white stone cathedrals, monastery, towers, and palaces. Unlike any other northern buildings, their exterior was elaborately carved with high
relief
Relief is a sculptural method in which the sculpted pieces are bonded to a solid background of the same material. The term '' relief'' is from the Latin verb ''relevo'', to raise. To create a sculpture in relief is to give the impression that th ...
stone sculptures. Only three of these edifices stand today: the Dormition Cathedral, the
Cathedral of Saint Demetrius, and the Golden Gate. They are included among the
White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal, designated as a UNESCO
World Heritage Site
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for h ...
.
During Andrey's reign, a royal palace in
Bogolyubovo was built, as well as the world-famous
Church of the Intercession on the Nerl
The Church of the Intercession on the Nerl (russian: Церковь Покрова на Нерли, Tserkov Pokrova na Nerli) is a Russian Orthodox church and a symbol of medieval Russia. Dedicated to the Intercession of the Theotokos, the churc ...
, now considered one of the jewels of ancient
Russian architecture. Andrey was assassinated at his palace at
Bogolyubovo in 1175.
Vladimir was besieged by the
Mongol
The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal member ...
-
Tatars of the
Golden Horde
The Golden Horde, self-designated as Ulug Ulus, 'Great State' in Turkic, was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. With the fragme ...
under
Batu Khan
Batu Khan ( – 1255),, ''Bat haan'', tt-Cyrl, Бату хан; ; russian: хан Баты́й was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Golden Horde, a constituent of the Mongol Empire. Batu was a son of Jochi, thus a grandson of Genghis Kh ...
. It was finally overrun on February 8, 1238. A great fire destroyed thirty-two limestone buildings on the first day alone, while the grand prince's family perished in a church where they sought refuge from the flames. The grand prince escaped, but was killed at the
Battle of the Sit River
The Battle of the Sit River was fought in the northern part of the present-day Sonkovsky District of Tver Oblast of Russia, close to the selo of ''Bozhonka'', on March 4, 1238 between the Mongol Hordes of Batu Khan and the Rus' under Grand Pri ...
the following month.
Grand Duchy of Moscow
After the Mongols, Vladimir never fully recovered. The most important Rus prince (usually the Prince of Moscow, but sometimes a Tver or another principality) was styled the Grand Prince of Vladimir, but the title had become an honorific symbol of majesty. From 1299 to 1325, the city was seat of the
metropolitans of Kiev and All Rus', until
Metropolitan Peter
Peter, Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus (russian: Пётр; c. 1260 – 20 December 1326) was the Russian metropolitan who moved his see from Vladimir to Moscow in 1325. Later he was proclaimed a patron saint of Moscow. In spite of the move, ...
moved the See to
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 millio ...
in 1325.
The Grand Princes of Vladimir were originally crowned in Vladimir's Assumption Cathedral, but when Moscow superseded Vladimir in the 14th Century as the seat of the Grand Prince, the
Assumption Cathedral in the Moscow Kremlin became the site of their coronation. The Moscow cathedral was loosely copied by the Italian architect
Aristotele Fioravanti from Vladimir's original.
After the rise of Moscow, Grand Princes of Moscow continued to build several new churches in Vladimir. Notable examples include the Annunciation Church at Snovitsy (ca. 1501), three kilometers northwest of the city, and a church in the
Knyaginin Nunnery (ca. 1505), which today includes murals dating from 1648.
Imperial Russia
Remains of the prince-saint
Alexander Nevsky were kept in the ancient Nativity Abbey of Vladimir until 1703, when
Peter the Great had them transferred to the
Monastery (now Lavra) of Alexander Nevsky in
St. Petersburg. The Nativity Church (built from 1191 to 1196) collapsed several years later, after workmen tried to fashion more windows in its walls in an effort to brighten the interior.
The city was the center of , part of
Moscow Governorate from its establishment by Peter the Great in 1708. Vladimir was separated from Moscow Governorate and made the center of a new by a ukase of
Catherine the Great in 1778. In 1796,
Paul I Paul I may refer to:
*Paul of Samosata (200–275), Bishop of Antioch
* Paul I of Constantinople (died c. 350), Archbishop of Constantinople
*Pope Paul I (700–767)
*Paul I Šubić of Bribir (c. 1245–1312), Ban of Croatia and Lord of Bosnia
*Pau ...
's administrative reform transformed the viceroyalty into the in the same borders.
In the years 1838-1840,
Alexander Herzen
Alexander Ivanovich Herzen (russian: Алекса́ндр Ива́нович Ге́рцен, translit=Alexándr Ivánovich Gértsen; ) was a Russian writer and thinker known as the "father of Russian socialism" and one of the main fathers of agra ...
was exiled in Vladimir, passing through the city on the infamous ''
Vladimirka''.
In December 1858 the city began to operate
telegraph. On June 14, 1861, the began to operate through Vladimir. In 1866, construction of a running water supply was completed, with telephone lines being put up in 1887 and the first electrical power lines on December 5, 1908.
In November 29, 1898 Vladimir provincial scientific archival commission was established.
Soviet Union
After the establishment of Soviet power, many streets were renamed in Vladimir; most of the parish churches were closed and condemned to be demolished.
In the first decades of Soviet rule industrialization occurred in Vladimir. On January 14, 1929, the Vladimir Governorate was abolished and the city became part of the newly formed
Ivanovo Industrial Oblast.
On August 14, 1944, Vladimir became the administrative center of a new
Vladimir Oblast
Vladimir Oblast (russian: Влади́мирская о́бласть, ''Vladimirskaya oblast'') is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its closest border 66 Meter, km east of central Moscow, the administrative cen ...
carved from
Ivanovo Oblast. In 1950 from the basis of the teachers' institute the
Vladimir Pedagogical Institute was created. On November 5, 1952 the first trolleybus line began to operate in the city.
In 1958 the was created, composed of a group of unique architectural monuments of Russian defense and church architecture. The monuments are located in three cities—Vladimir,
Suzdal and
Gus-Khrustalny—as well as villages of
Bogolyubovo and
Kideksha
Kideksha (russian: Кидекша) is a village ('' selo'') in Seletskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District of Vladimir Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Kamenka and Nerl Rivers, east of Suzdal.
The settlement was founded b ...
.
Architecture of the Soviet period is represented by such structures as building complexes and polytechnic colleges, the
Torpedo Stadium (built 1952), a reinforced concrete arch bridge over the river Klyaz'ma (1960), the Hotel Vladimir (1956), the Drama Theatre (1971) and others. In 1971 the city was awarded the
Order of Red Banner of Labor.
Administrative and municipal status
Vladimir is the
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located.
In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
of the
oblast
An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdo ...
.
[Law #130-OZ] Within the
framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with seventeen
rural localities, incorporated as the
City
A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
of Vladimir—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the
districts.
As a
municipal division, the City of Vladimir is incorporated as Vladimir Urban Okrug.
[Law #189-OZ]
Economy and military
Vladimir is home to several electrical and chemical factories, several food processing plants and two large thermal power stations. Tourism related to the historical sites is a major contributor to the city economy.
The headquarters of the
27th Guards Rocket Army
27th Guards Vitebsk Red Banner Rocket Army (russian: 27-я Гвардейская Витебская Краснознамённая ракетная армия) is one of the 3 rocket armies within Russian Strategic Rocket Forces headquartered at ...
of the
Strategic Missile Troops is located in the city. During the
Cold War, Vladimir was host to the
Dobrynskoye air force base.
Transportation
Since 1861, there has been a
railway
Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport that transfers passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are incorporated in tracks. In contrast to road transport, where the vehicles run on a pre ...
connection between Vladimir and Moscow. Vladimir is also linked to Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod by the
M7 highway. Local transport includes buses, trolleybuses, fixed-route minivans, and taxis.
Vladimir bus service links the city to all the district centers of Vladimir Oblast, as well as Moscow,
Ivanovo,
Kostroma
Kostroma ( rus, Кострома́, p=kəstrɐˈma) is a historic types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Kostroma Oblast, Russia. A part of the Golden Ring of Russia, Golden Ring of Russian cities, it is lo ...
,
Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod ( ; rus, links=no, Нижний Новгород, a=Ru-Nizhny Novgorod.ogg, p=ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj ˈnovɡərət ), colloquially shortened to Nizhny, from the 13th to the 17th century Novgorod of the Lower Land, formerly known as Gork ...
,
Ryazan
Ryazan ( rus, Рязань, p=rʲɪˈzanʲ, a=ru-Ryazan.ogg) is the largest city and administrative center of Ryazan Oblast, Russia. The city is located on the banks of the Oka River in Central Russia, southeast of Moscow. As of the 2010 Cens ...
,
Yaroslavl and other cities.
At least 20 pairs of long-distance trains pass daily through Vladimir station, giving Vladimir year-round direct rail links to Moscow (
Kursk Station), St. Petersburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Since the summer of 2010 Vladimir (on the Nizhny Novgorod line) is a stopping point for the "
Peregrine Falcon" high-speed train.
Developed suburban rail: Vladimir was the only city in Russia with concurrent commuter trains two Russian cities with subways.
The city is served by the
Semyazino Airport 5 km west of the city center.
Gallery
File:Vladimir railway station Russia1.jpg, Vladimir railway station, August 2008
File:ЗиУ-682Г016.02 заводской номер 9028 во Владимире (№ 184).jpg, Trolleybus ZiU-9
ZiU-9, or ZIU-9 (Cyrillic: ЗиУ-9) is a Soviet (and later Russian) trolleybus. Other names for the ZiU-9 are ZiU-682 and HTI-682 (Cyrillic: ЗиУ-682 and ХТИ-682). The ZiU acronym stands for ''Zavod imeni Uritskogo'', which is a plant nam ...
File:Владимирский троллейбус - 2007 год.jpg, Trolza-5275 low-entry trolleybus
File:2018-03-21 Vladimir, RUS - A trolleybus route No.1.jpg, A trolleybus route #1
File:2018-03-21 Vladimir, RUS - A bus in Vladimir.jpg, A bus route #26
File:Vladimir Bus Station 3.jpg, The bus terminal in Vladimir
Climate
Vladimir experiences a
humid continental climate
A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and freezing ...
(
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notabl ...
''Dfb'') with long, cold winters and short, warm summers.
Sightseeing
Modern Vladimir is a part of the
Golden Ring of ancient Russian cities and a popular tourist destination. Its three chief monuments,
White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal, inscribed by
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...
on the World Heritage List, are the following:
#The magnificent five-domed
Dormition Cathedral was designed as the burial place of grand princes and dedicated to the holy icon the
Theotokos of Vladimir
, other_title_1 = Our Lady of Vladimir
, other_language_2 = uk, Вишгородська ікона Божої Матері
, other_title_2 = Vyshgorod Mother of God
, wikidata = Q546241
, image = Virgin of Vladimir.jpg
, image_upright = 1
...
, which had been brought to the city by Andrey Bogolyubsky. The cathedral was constructed in 1158–1160, expanded in 1185–1189, and painted by the great
Andrei Rublev and
Daniil Chyorny
Daniil Chyorny () (c. 1360–1430) was a Russian monk and icon painter.
Career
Together with his companion Andrei Rublev and other painters, Chyorny worked at the Dormition Cathedral in Vladimir (1408) and Trinity Cathedral in the Trinity ...
in 1408. In 1810, a lofty bell-tower was added in
Neoclassical style.
#The helmet-domed
Cathedral of Saint Demetrius was built in 1194–1197 as a private chapel of Vsevolod the Big Nest in the courtyard of his palace and was consecrated to his holy patron,
St. Demetrius. For all its formal unity, the cathedral represents an international project of Russian and Byzantine masters,
Friedrich Barbarossa
Frederick Barbarossa (December 1122 – 10 June 1190), also known as Frederick I (german: link=no, Friedrich I, it, Federico I), was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 until his death 35 years later. He was elected King of Germany in Frankfurt on ...
's masons, and carvers sent by Queen
Tamar of Georgia.
#The
Golden Gate
The Golden Gate is a strait on the west coast of North America that connects San Francisco Bay to the Pacific Ocean. It is defined by the headlands of the San Francisco Peninsula and the Marin Peninsula, and, since 1937, has been spanned by t ...
, originally a tower over the city's main gate, was built in 1158–1164. The gate acquired its present form after having been reconstructed in the late 18th century, to prevent the dilapidated structure from tumbling down.
Other remarkable monuments of pre-Mongol
Russian architecture are scattered in the vicinity. For more information on them, see
Suzdal,
Yuriev-Polsky,
Bogolyubovo, and
Kideksha
Kideksha (russian: Кидекша) is a village ('' selo'') in Seletskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District of Vladimir Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Kamenka and Nerl Rivers, east of Suzdal.
The settlement was founded b ...
.
File:Владимир, вид на Успенский собор.JPG, View of Vladimir
File:Public Park in Vladimir - Russia.JPG, Public park in Vladimir
File:Ансамбль Успенского собора.jpg, Assumption Cathedral
File:Dmitrovsky sobor6000.jpg, Cathedral of Saint Demetrius
File:Vladimir asv2019-01 img05 Golden Gate.jpg, Golden Gate
Education
Vladimir is the site of the following education establishments:
*
Vladimir State University
*
Vladimir branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
*Vladimir branch of
*Vladimir branch of the
Russian University of Cooperation
*Vladimir Law Institute under the Ministry of Justice
*Vladimir Business Institute
*Vladimir Aviation Mechanics College
*Vladimir Pedagogical College
*Vladimir Polytechnic College
*Vladimir Basic Medical College
*Vladimir Construction College
*Vladimir Regional College of Music
*Vladimir Economy and Technology College
*Vladimir College of Technology
*Vladimir Industrial College
*Vladimir Chemical and Mechanical College
*College of Innovative Technologies and Entrepreneurship at Vladimir State University
Vladimir is also home to the Federal Centre for Animal Health and Welfare.
Sports
The city
association football
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players who primarily use their feet to propel the ball around a rectangular field called a pitch. The objective of the game is ...
team,
FC Torpedo Vladimir
Football Club Torpedo Vladimir (russian: Футбольный клуб "Торпедо" Владимир) is a Russian football club from Vladimir, founded in 1959. In 2011, they played in the Russian First Division after winning their zone of t ...
, currently plays in the
second tier of Russian football having entered the league after seventeen years of competing in Russian third and fourth tiers.
Vladimir VC (previously known as Skat and Dinamo Vladimir) represents the city in Volleyball Major League B – Zone Europe. Vladimir is also home to Polaris-Vladimir ice hockey club, which competes in regional hockey competitions and Russian minor leagues, and Luch, which has both male and female table-tennis teams.
Twin towns – sister cities
Vladimir is
twinned with:
*
Anghiari
Anghiari () is a hill town and municipality (''comune'') in the Province of Arezzo, Tuscany, Italy.
Bordering ''comuni'' include Arezzo (southwest), Pieve Santo Stefano (north) and Subbiano (west).
History
The Battle of Anghiari took place on 2 ...
, Italy
*
Antalya
la, Attalensis grc, Ἀτταλειώτης
, postal_code_type = Postal code
, postal_code = 07xxx
, area_code = (+90) 242
, registration_plate = 07
, blank_name = Licence plate
...
, Turkey
*
Babruysk
Babruysk, Babrujsk or Bobruisk ( be, Бабруйск , Łacinka: , rus, Бобруйск, Bobrujsk, bɐˈbruɪ̯s̪k, yi, באָברויסק ) is a city in the Mogilev Region of eastern Belarus on the Berezina River. , its population was 209 ...
, Belarus
*
Baoji
() is a prefecture-level city in western Shaanxi province, People's Republic of China. Since the early 1990s, Baoji has been the second largest city in Shaanxi.
Geography
The prefecture-level city of Baoji had a population of 3,321,853 accord ...
, China
*
Bloomington, United States
*
Bukhara, Uzbekistan
*
Campobasso, Italy
*
Canterbury
Canterbury (, ) is a cathedral city and UNESCO World Heritage Site, situated in the heart of the City of Canterbury local government district of Kent, England. It lies on the River Stour.
The Archbishop of Canterbury is the primate of ...
, England, United Kingdom
*
Chongqing, China
*
Erlangen
Erlangen (; East Franconian: ''Erlang'', Bavarian: ''Erlanga'') is a Middle Franconian city in Bavaria, Germany. It is the seat of the administrative district Erlangen-Höchstadt (former administrative district Erlangen), and with 116,062 inhab ...
, Germany
*
Gagra
Gagra ( ka, გაგრა; Abkhaz and Russian: Гагра) is a town in Abkhazia/Georgia, sprawling for 5 km on the northeast coast of the Black Sea, at the foot of the Caucasus Mountains. Its subtropical climate made Gagra a popular he ...
, Georgia
*
Haikou
Haikou (; ), also spelled as Hoikow is the capital and most populous city of the Chinese province of Hainan. Haikou city is situated on the northern coast of Hainan, by the mouth of the Nandu River. The northern part of the city is on the ...
, China
*
Kardzhali, Bulgaria
*
Karlovo, Bulgaria
*
Kerava, Finland
*
Khujand
Khujand ( tg, Хуҷанд, Khujand; Uzbek: Хўжанд, romanized: Хo'jand; fa, خجند, Khojand), sometimes spelled Khodjent and known as Leninabad (russian: Ленинабад, Leninabad; tg, Ленинобод, Leninobod; fa, لنی ...
, Tajikistan
*
Leninsky (Minsk), Belarus
*
Normal Normal(s) or The Normal(s) may refer to:
Film and television
* ''Normal'' (2003 film), starring Jessica Lange and Tom Wilkinson
* ''Normal'' (2007 film), starring Carrie-Anne Moss, Kevin Zegers, Callum Keith Rennie, and Andrew Airlie
* ''Norma ...
, United States
*
Saintes, France
*
Sarasota
Sarasota () is a city in Sarasota County on the Gulf Coast of the U.S. state of Florida. The area is renowned for its cultural and environmental amenities, beaches, resorts, and the Sarasota School of Architecture. The city is located in the sou ...
, United States
*
Skive, Denmark
*
Vawkavysk
Vawkavysk ( be, Ваўкавы́ск, ; russian: Волковы́ск; pl, Wołkowysk; lt, Valkaviskas; yi, וואלקאוויסק; names in other languages) is one of the oldest towns in southwestern Belarus and the capital of the Vawkavysk ...
, Belarus
;Former twin towns, terminated in 2022 due to the
Russian invasion of Ukraine
On 24 February 2022, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, which began in 2014. The invasion has resulted in tens of thousands of deaths on both sides. It has caused Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. An ...
:
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Jelenia Góra
Jelenia Góra (pron. ; Polish: ; german: Hirschberg im Riesengebirge; Exonym: ''Deer Mountain''; szl, Jelyniŏ Gōra) is a historic city in southwestern Poland, within the historical region of Lower Silesia. Jelenia Góra is situated in the Low ...
, Poland
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Ústí nad Labem
Ústí nad Labem (, , ) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 92,000 inhabitants. It is the capital of its eponymous region and district. It is a major industrial centre and, besides being an active river port, is an important railway ju ...
, Czech Republic
Notable people
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Valentin Afonin, association football player
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Yuri Lodigin, association football player
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Nikolai Andrianov, gymnast
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Vladimir Artemov, gymnast
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Aleksey Batalov, actor
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Mikhail Lazarev
Admiral Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev (russian: Михаил Петрович Лазарев, 3 November 1788 – 11 April 1851) was a Russian fleet commander and an explorer.
Education and early career
Lazarev was born in Vladimir, a scion of t ...
, admiral
*
Yuri Levitan, radio announcer
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Anna Loginova, fashion model
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Alexey Prokurorov, cross-country skier
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Yuri Ryazanov, gymnast
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Vasily Shulgin, politician
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Mikhail Speransky
Count Mikhail Mikhailovich Speransky (russian: Михаи́л Миха́йлович Спера́нский; 12 January 1772 – 23 February 1839) was a Russian reformist during the reign of Alexander I of Russia, to whom he was a close advisor. ...
, statesman
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Aleksandr Stoletov, physicist
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Nikolai Stoletov
Nikolai Grigorevich Stoletov (russian: Столетов, Николай Григорьевич; – ) was a general in the Imperial Russian Army. He was the brother of noted physicist Aleksandr Stoletov.
Stoletov was born in Vladimir and atten ...
, general
*
Sergei Taneyev
Sergey Ivanovich Taneyev (russian: Серге́й Ива́нович Тане́ев, ; – ) was a Russian composer, pianist, teacher of composition, music theorist and author.
Life
Taneyev was born in Vladimir, Vladimir Governorate, Russia ...
, composer
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Dmitri Vyazmikin, association football player
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Venedikt Yerofeyev, writer
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Denis Yevsikov, association football player
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Nikolay Zhukovsky Nikolay Zhukovsky may refer to:
*Nikolay Zhukovsky (revolutionary) (1833–1895), Russian revolutionary
*Nikolay Zhukovsky (scientist)
Nikolay Yegorovich Zhukovsky ( rus, Никола́й Его́рович Жуко́вский, p=ʐʊˈkofskʲ ...
, scientist
References
Notes
Sources
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Further reading
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External links
Tourism portal of the Vladimir region, RussiaOfficial website of Vladimir
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Tourist information on VladimirThe American Home in Vladimir
{{Use mdy dates, date=October 2012
Golden Ring of Russia
Holy cities
Vladimirsky Uyezd
World Heritage Sites in Russia