Vinnytsia ( ; uk, Вінниця, ; yi, װיניצע) is a

city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...

in west-central

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inva ...

, located on the banks of the

Southern Bug , ''Pivdennyi Buh'' , name_etymology = , image = Sunset S Bug Vinnitsa 2007 G1.jpg , image_size = 270 , image_caption = Southern Bug River in the vicinity of Vinnytsia, Ukraine , map = PietinisBu ...

. It is the

administrative center An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located. In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...

Vinnytsia Oblast Vinnytsia Oblast ( uk, Ві́нницька о́бласть, translit=Vinnytska oblast; ; also referred to as Vinnychchyna — uk, Ві́нниччина) is an oblast of western and southwestern Ukraine. Its administrative center is Vinnytsi ...

and the largest city in the historic region of Podillia. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance. It also serves as an administrative center of Vinnytsia Raion, one of the 6 districts of Vinnytsia Oblast, though it is not a part of the district. It has a population of . The city's roots date back to the

Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...

. It was under Lithuanian and Polish control for centuries until the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War ...

annexed it in 1793. During the 1930s and early 1940s the city was the site of massacres, first during Stalin's purges and then during the Holocaust in Ukraine and the Nazi occupation. A

Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because t ...

–era

airbase An air base (sometimes referred to as a military air base, military airfield, military airport, air station, naval air station, air force station, or air force base) is an aerodrome used as a military base by a military force for the operation ...

was located near the city.

Name

The name of Vinnytsia appeared for the first time in 1363. It is assumed that the name is derived from the old Slavic word "

Vino Vino may refer to: Computing * Vino (operating system), an open-source operating system * Vino (VNC server), a Remote Desktop sharing library for GNOME Locations * Vino, California, a former settlement in Fresno County * Vino, Grosuplje, a ...

", meaning "bride price." This name can be explained by the fact that Vinnytsia and the surrounding land were captured by

Lithuania Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...

n Duke

Algirdas Algirdas ( be, Альгерд, Alhierd, uk, Ольгерд, Ольґерд, Olherd, Olgerd, pl, Olgierd; – May 1377) was the Grand Duke of Lithuania. He ruled the Lithuanians and Ruthenians from 1345 to 1377. With the help of his br ...

in the 14th century, and then, they were given as a gift to his nephews.

Geography

Location

Vinnytsia is located about southwest of the Ukrainian capital,

Kyiv Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the seventh-most populous city in Europe. Ky ...

, north-northwest of the

Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Rom ...

port city of

Odessa Odesa (also spelled Odessa) is the third most populous city and municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. The city is also the administrativ ...

, and east of

Lviv Lviv ( uk, Львів) is the largest city in Western Ukraine, western Ukraine, and the List of cities in Ukraine, seventh-largest in Ukraine, with a population of . It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is o ...

. It is the

of the

(

province A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions out ...

), as well as the administrative center of the surrounding Vinnytsia Raion (

district A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivision ...

) within the oblast. The city itself is directly subordinated to the oblast.

Climate

The town has a warm-summer

humid continental climate A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and freez ...

( Köppen: ''Dfb''), similar to northern

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...

in the United States in some respects. A long lasting warm summer with a sufficient quantity of moisture and a comparatively short winter is characteristic of Vinnytsia. The average temperature in January is and in July. The average annual precipitation is . Over the course of a year there are around 6–9 days when snowstorms occur, 37–60 days when mists occur during the cold period, and 3–5 days when thunderstorms with hail occur.

History

From Medieval to Early Modern period

Vinnytsia has been an important trade and political center since the fourteenth century, when Fiodor Koriatowicz, the nephew of the

n Duke

, built a fortress (1363) against

Tatar The Tatars ()Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different

raiders on the banks of the

. The original settlement was built and populated by Aleksander Hrehorovicz Jelec,

hetman ( uk, гетьман, translit=het'man) is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe, historically assigned to military commanders. Used by the Czechs in Bohemia since the 15th century. It was the title of the second-highest military ...

under Lithuanian Prince

Švitrigaila Švitrigaila (before 1370 – 10 February 1452; sometimes spelled Svidrigiello) was the Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1430 to 1432. He spent most of his life in largely unsuccessful dynastic struggles against his cousins Vytautas and Sigismund ...

. Aleksander Jelec built the fort, which he commanded as

starosta The starosta or starost (Cyrillic: ''старост/а'', Latin: ''capitaneus'', german: link=no, Starost, Hauptmann) is a term of Slavic origin denoting a community elder whose role was to administer the assets of a clan or family estates. The ...

afterwards. In the 15th century, Lithuanian Grand Duke Alexander Jagiellon granted Winnica

Magdeburg city rights Magdeburg rights (german: Magdeburger Recht; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within ...

. In 1566, it became part of the Bracław Voivodeship. Between 1569 and 1793 the town was a part of

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...

. Within this period, for a short time between 1672 and 1699, the city was a part of the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University ...

(and still part of the historic region of

Podolia Podolia or Podilia ( uk, Поділля, Podillia, ; russian: Подолье, Podolye; ro, Podolia; pl, Podole; german: Podolien; be, Падолле, Padollie; lt, Podolė), is a historic region in Eastern Europe, located in the west-centra ...

). During Polish rule, Winnica was a Polish

royal city Royal may refer to: People * Royal (name), a list of people with either the surname or given name * A member of a royal family Places United States * Royal, Arkansas, an unincorporated community * Royal, Illinois, a village * Royal, Iowa, a ...

. On 18 March 1783,

Antoni Protazy Potocki Antoni Protazy Potocki (11 September 1761 – 1801), aka Prot, was a Polish nobleman and an early entrepreneur. He was born to Paula née Szembek and her second husband, Count Jan Prosper Potocki, Starosta of Guzów. He was a younger half-broth ...

opened in Winnica the Trade Company Poland. After the

Second Partition of Poland The 1793 Second Partition of Poland was the second of three partitions (or partial annexations) that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The second partition occurred in the aftermath of the Polish–Russian W ...

in 1793 the

annexed the city and the region. Russia moved to expunge the

Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: * Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD * Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a let ...

religion. Catholic churches in the city, including what is now the Transfiguration Cathedral, were converted to

Russian Orthodox Russian Orthodoxy (russian: Русское православие) is the body of several churches within the larger communion of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, whose liturgy is or was traditionally conducted in Church Slavonic language. Most ...

churches.

In the Russian census of 1897, Vinnytsia had a population of 30,563. It was the third largest city in the

region after

Kamianets-Podilskyi Kamianets-Podilskyi ( uk, Ка́м'яне́ць-Поді́льський, russian: Каменец-Подольский, Kamenets-Podolskiy, pl, Kamieniec Podolski, ro, Camenița, yi, קאַמענעץ־פּאָדאָלסק / קאַמעניץ, ...

and

Uman Uman ( uk, Умань, ; pl, Humań; yi, אומאַן) is a city located in Cherkasy Oblast in central Ukraine, to the east of Vinnytsia. Located in the historical region of the eastern Podolia, the city rests on the banks of the Umanka River ...

. The

Vinnytsia massacre The Vinnytsia massacre was the mass execution of between 9,000 and 11,000 people in the Ukrainian town of Vinnytsia by the Soviet secret police NKVD during the Great Purge in 1937–1938, which Nazi Germany discovered during its occupation of ...

was the mass execution of between 9,000 and 11,000 people in Vinnytsia by the

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

secret police

NKVD The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (russian: Наро́дный комиссариа́т вну́тренних дел, Naródnyy komissariát vnútrennikh del, ), abbreviated NKVD ( ), was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union. ...

during the

Great Purge The Great Purge or the Great Terror (russian: Большой террор), also known as the Year of '37 (russian: 37-й год, translit=Tridtsat sedmoi god, label=none) and the Yezhovshchina ('period of Yezhov'), was Soviet General Secreta ...

in 1937–1938.Valery Vasiliev, Yuriy Shapoval, "Stages of «Great Terror»: The Vinnytsia Tragedy", '' Zerkalo Nedeli'', № 31 (406), August 17–23, 2002,
in Russian

in Ukrainian
)

World War II

Vinnytsia was occupied by German troops on 19 July 1941 during

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

. While Vinnytsia had a pre-war Jewish population of over 34,000, only 17,000 of these Jews remained, with the rest of them successfully being evacuated to the interior of the Soviet Union beforehand. Virtually all of the Jews who remained in Vinnytsia under Nazi occupation were subsequently murdered in the

Holocaust The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; ...

Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Germany from 1933 until his death in 1945. He rose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party, becoming the chancellor in 1933 and the ...

sited his eastern headquarters, ''Führerhauptquartier

Werwolf ''Werwolf'' (, German for " werewolf") was a Nazi plan which began development in 1944, to create a resistance force which would operate behind enemy lines as the Allies advanced through Germany, in parallel with the '' Wehrmacht'' fighting ...

'' or ''Wehrwolf'', at the Wehrmacht headquarters near the town. The complex was built in 1941–1942 by Russian prisoners of war. Many of them were subsequently killed. Hitler's accommodation consisted of a log cabin built around a private courtyard with its own concrete bunker. The complex included about 20 other log buildings, a power station, gardens, wells, three bunkers, a swimming pool, and wire and defensive positions. Hitler spent a number of weeks at Wehrwolf in 1942 and early 1943. The few remains of the Wehrwolf site, described in one report as a "pile of concrete" because it was destroyed by the Nazis in 1944, can be visited. Plans to create a full-fledged museum had not come to fruition as of August 2018. Nazi atrocities were committed in and near Vinnytsia by Einsatzgruppe C. Estimates of the number of victims often run as high as 28,000. Historian Oliver Rathkolb states that 35,000 Jews were deported from the Vinnytsia region and most of those later died. In 1942 a large part of the Jewish quarter of

Yerusalimka Yerusalimka or Ierusalimka, the name derived from Jerusalem, was a Jewish quarter of the town of Vinnytsia in west-central Ukraine. In the beginning of the 20th century Vinnytsia, the chief town of Podolia Governorate, was inhabited by 4,000 p ...

was destroyed by Germans. One infamous photo, '' The Last Jew of Vinnytsia'', shows a member of the Einsatzgruppe about to execute a Jewish man kneeling before a mass grave. The text ''The Last Jew of Vinnytsia'' was written on the back of the photograph, which was found in a photo album belonging to a German soldier. It was captured by the

Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian language, Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist R ...

on 20 March 1944.

Soviet era

After the end of

, Vinnytsia was the home for major

Soviet Air Forces The Soviet Air Forces ( rus, Военно-воздушные силы, r=Voyenno-vozdushnyye sily, VVS; literally "Military Air Forces") were one of the air forces of the Soviet Union. The other was the Soviet Air Defence Forces. The Air Forces ...

base, including an

airfield An aerodrome (Commonwealth English) or airdrome (American English) is a location from which aircraft flight operations take place, regardless of whether they involve air cargo, passengers, or neither, and regardless of whether it is for publ ...

, a

hospital A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized health science and auxiliary healthcare staff and medical equipment. The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which typically has an emergen ...

arsenal An arsenal is a place where arms and ammunition are made, maintained and repaired, stored, or issued, in any combination, whether privately or publicly owned. Arsenal and armoury (British English) or armory (American English) are mostl ...

s, and other military installations. The headquarters of the

43rd Rocket Army The 43rd Red Banner Rocket Army was an army of the Soviet Strategic Rocket Forces. It was formed in Vinnytsia from the 43rd Air Army of Long Range Aviation. In 1991, it came under the control of the Commonwealth of Independent States while stat ...

of the Strategic Rocket Forces was stationed in Vinnytsia from 1960 to the early 1990s. The 2nd Independent Heavy Bomber Aviation Corps, which later became 24th Air Army, was stationed in Vinnytsia from 1960 to 1992.

Independent Ukraine

The

Ukrainian Air Force The Ukrainian Air Force ( uk, Пові́тряні си́ли Збро́йних сил Украї́ни) is the air force of Ukraine and one of the five branches of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Its headquarters are in the city of Vinnytsia. Wh ...

Command has been based in Vinnytsia since 1992. During the

2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine On 24 February 2022, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, which began in 2014. The invasion has resulted in tens of thousands of deaths on both sides. It has caused Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. A ...

, the command center was significantly damaged by Russian

cruise missile A cruise missile is a guided missile used against terrestrial or naval targets that remains in the atmosphere and flies the major portion of its flight path at approximately constant speed. Cruise missiles are designed to deliver a large warh ...

s on 25 March 2022. On 14 July 2022 the center of the city was attacked with three Russian cruise missiles. Missiles hit the local NeuroMed clinic and House of the Officers, which currently used as a concert hall. Due to the strike 23 persons were killed (among them three children), 73 were injured and 18 are missing. The next day Russian Ministry of defense said that the target was a top-ranking Ukrainian military officers and representatives of foreign military industry companies.

Education

There are many educational universities and research institutions in Vinnytsia: *

Vinnytsia Institute of Economics and Social Sciences Vinnytsia Institute of Economics and Social Sciences is a part of the Open International University of Human Development "Ukraine" (OIUHD Ukraine). Founded in 1999, the Institute has eight departments. Located in Vinnytsia, Ukraine. Resource ...

Vinnytsia National Medical University. N. I. Pirogov National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya is a medical university located in Vinnytsia, Ukraine. It was founded in 1921. Its predecessors were the Vinnytsia Pharmaceutical Institute (1921), the Vinnytsia Branch of the All-Ukrainian ...

* Vinnytsia National Technical University *

Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University The Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University is a university located in Vinnytsia, Ukraine. The university was established in 1912. The staff includes 30 professors along with a further 33 holders of Doctor of Science qualif ...

, named after Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky; * Vinnytsia National Agrarian University *

Vinnytsia European University Vinnytsia ( ; uk, Вінниця, ; yi, װיניצע) is a city in west-central Ukraine, located on the banks of the Southern Bug. It is the administrative center of Vinnytsia Oblast and the largest city in the historic region of Podilli ...

Vinnytsia Trade and Economics Institute Vinnytsia ( ; uk, Вінниця, ; yi, װיניצע) is a city in west-central Ukraine, located on the banks of the Southern Bug. It is the administrative center of Vinnytsia Oblast and the largest city in the historic region of Podilli ...

* Vinnytsia Social Economical Institute *

Donetsk National University Vasyl' Stus Donetsk National University (Vasyl' Stus DonNU) ( uk, Донецький національний університет імені Василя Стуса, ''Donets’kyi Natsional’nyi Universytet''; russian: Донецкий на ...

, evacuated from Donetsk in 2014 due to armed conflict in eastern Ukraine. There is also the

Regional Universal Scientific Library In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as zones, lands or territories, are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and the interaction of humanity and t ...

named after Kliment Timiryazev in Vinnytsia.

Economy

Vinnytsia is an industrial center in Ukraine. There are the Roshen confectionery corporation, the Crystal diamond polishing corporation,

RPC Fort Fort ('' uk, КП НВО "Форт" МВС України'' (full name), ''НВО "Форт"'' (short name)) is a Ukrainian weapons manufacturer from Vinnytsia, Ukraine. History In 1991, a new company was formed to design and manufacture small a ...

largest Ukrainian

firearms A firearm is any type of gun designed to be readily carried and used by an individual. The term is legally defined further in different countries (see Legal definitions). The first firearms originated in 10th-century China, when bamboo tubes ...

manufacturing corporation, Analog corporation, Mayak corporation, Budmash corporation, Agregat corporation, Pnevmatika corporation, PlasmaTec corporation etc.

Military

The headquarters of the

is situated in Vinnytsia.

Politics

Vinnytsia is considered the long-time political base for

Ukrainian oligarch Ukrainian oligarchs ( Ukrainian: українські олігархи, romanized: ukrayins'ki oliharkhy) are business oligarchs who emerged on the economic and political scene of Ukraine after the 1991 Ukrainian independence referendum. This perio ...

and former

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...

Petro Poroshenko Petro Oleksiyovych Poroshenko ( uk, Петро́ Олексі́йович Пороше́нко, ; born 26 September 1965) is a Ukrainian businessman and politician who served as the fifth president of Ukraine from 2014 to 2019. Poroshenko se ...

. He owns a local

confectionery Confectionery is the Art (skill), art of making confections, which are food items that are rich in sugar and carbohydrates. Exact definitions are difficult. In general, however, confectionery is divided into two broad and somewhat overlappi ...

(as part of the Roshen Corporation) and was elected member of

parliament In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government via hearings and inquiries. Th ...

from the local constituency for several convocations. However, contrary to some speculations, Poroshenko has never lived in the city. The former Ukrainian

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is ...

Volodymyr Groysman Volodymyr Borysovych Groysman, sometimes transliterated as Volodymyr Borysovych Hroisman ( uk, Володи́мир Бори́сович Гро́йсман; born 20 January 1978), is a Ukrainian politician who was the Prime Minister of Ukrai ...

is from Vinnytsia.

Parks and squares

Central urban park in Vinnytsia Park of Culture and Rest named after Maxim Gorky located in Vinnytsia city – between the streets of the Cathedral (center), May Day and Khmelnytsky highway. The park is 40 hectares. In the park there are numerous monuments (Gorky at the main entrance, soldiers in Afghanistan, Sich Riflemen, killed police officers), and "Walk illustrious countrymen" are objects of leisure and recreation: a concert hall "Rainbow", a summer theater, stadium, ice club, city planetarium, numerous attractions and gaming machines. For more than 70 years history of the park has always been a place of celebration as the general public and local/municipal events and holidays. Fine tradition was held in the park folk festivals and holidays is particularly on City Day, Victory Day, Independence Day and more.

Buildings and structures

* Saint Nicholas Church is considered to be the oldest building in the city. * The Transfiguration Cathedral, built in Vinnytsia in 1758. * The new Greek Catholic Church at South Bug river. * Baptist Church – reportedly one of the largest Evangelical Church Buildings in Europe. * TV Tower Vinnytsia * Vaksman family's real estate, 1915 – Style: Art Nouveau. Address: 24 Chkalov Street. Built by architect Moisey Aaronovitch Vaksman. Architectural landmark. * Afghan War Museum and War Glory Memorial Park – The Afghan War Museum is located in the red-brick bell tower. Exhibits include photos, letters and other artifacts representing Vinnytsia soldiers who fought in that war. The Memorial Park contains a large statue representing three different soldiers from World War II. An eternal flame burns in front of the statue. * Multimedia Fountain Roshen – Built in 2011, it is considered one of the largest floating fountains in Europe. It is the major multimedia attraction in the city. *The Literary and Memorial Museum of the “great sun-lover”, classical author of Ukrainian literature M.M.Kotsyubynsky, is very popular among local inhabitants and guests; it is also a place of development for creative youth. In the city, numerous historical buildings are being repaired and new ones are being built. *The national Pirogov's estate museum File:Vinnytsia, Soborna St 02.jpg, St. Cathedral File:Vinnytsia Kozytskoho 36 SAM 0054.JPG, Savoy Hotel File:Монастир Капуцинів, Вінниця, вул. Соборна, 12—14.JPG, Capuchin monastery File:Вінниця - Готель "Франціія". Вул. Соборна, 34 P1090188.JPG, Hotel France File:Винницкая мэрия.JPG, City hall

Transport

Air

Havryshivka Vinnytsia International Airport Vinnytsia International Airport ( uk, Міжнародний Аеропорт «Вінниця» (Гавришівка)) was an airport located near the village of Havryshivka, serving the city of Vinnytsia in the Vinnytsia region of Ukraine. ...

(

IATA The International Air Transport Association (IATA ) is a trade association of the world's airlines founded in 1945. IATA has been described as a cartel since, in addition to setting technical standards for airlines, IATA also organized tarif ...

: VIN,

ICAO The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO, ) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that coordinates the principles and techniques of international air navigation, and fosters the planning and development of international a ...

: UKWW) is situated near Vinnytsia.

Railway

There is a railway station in Vinnytsia, which is a part of 'South-Western Railway'. In 2013 it was named among 10 biggest railway stations in Ukraine. The current Vinnytsia railway station was built in 1952 and is the 4th railway building in Vinnytsia. The previous three were destroyed. Vinnytsia is an important transport hub for internal and external railway connections. Most of the international trains which cross through Ukraine have a stop in Vinnytsia. For example, trains from Moscow and Saint Petersburg (Russia), Minsk (Belarus), Sofia (Bulgaria), Chisinau (Moldova), Bratislava (Slovakia), Belgrade (Serbia), Budapest (Hungary) transit through Vinnytsia. For internal railway connections, Vinnytsia is also an important transport point for trains heading to Western Ukraine (Lviv, Khmelnytskyi, Chernivtsi), the South (Odessa), as well as to Central Ukraine (Kyiv).

Tram

Lenins'kyi District, Vinnytsia, Vinnyts'ka oblast, Ukraine - panoramio - Leonid Andronov (8)

The tram is the most popular public transport in Vinnytsia. There are six tram routes in Vinnytsia: Many trams in Vinnytsia are donations from the ''

Verkehrsbetriebe Zürich Verkehrsbetriebe Zürich (VBZ) is a public transport operator in the Swiss city of Zürich, and is wholly owned by the city. Previously known as the Städtische Strassenbahn Zürich (StStZ), the organisation was founded in 1896 and adopted its c ...

'' (VBZ), the public transport operator of

Zürich , neighboring_municipalities = Adliswil, Dübendorf, Fällanden, Kilchberg, Maur, Oberengstringen, Opfikon, Regensdorf, Rümlang, Schlieren, Stallikon, Uitikon, Urdorf, Wallisellen, Zollikon , twintowns = Kunming, San Francisco Z ...

, Switzerland. In the early 2000s, the VBZ donated its 1960s ''Karpfen'' and ''Mirage'' rolling stock to Vinnytsia, and they will do so again in 2022 with 35 ''

Tram 2000 The Tram 2000 is a type of tram vehicle that was originally designed for the Verkehrsbetriebe Zürich (VBZ), the municipal transport operator of the Swiss city of Zürich, and first introduced in 1976. Other variants of the type were subsequently ...

'' vehicles. The Swiss trams retain their blue and white liveries in Vinnytsian service.

Bus

There are the central bus station and the Western bus station in Vinnytsia.

Notable people

Isaac Joel Linetzky line drawing portrait from Dos Poylishe Yungel

Nathan Altman Nathan Isaiovych Altman (Ukrainian: , transliterated: ''Natan Isaiovych Altman''; – December 12, 1970) was a Russian, Soviet and Ukrainian artist, Cubist painter, stage designer and book illustrator. Early life He was born in Vinnytsia, i ...

(1889–1970) a Russian and Soviet avant-garde artist, Cubist painter, stage designer and book illustrator. * Larysa Artiugina (born 1971) a Ukrainian documentary film director and activist * Sam Born (1891–1959) an American businessman, candy maker and inventor. *

Matvei Petrovich Bronstein Matvei Petrovich Bronstein (russian: Матве́й Петро́вич Бронште́йн, , Vinnytsia – February 18, 1938) was a Soviet theoretical physicist, a pioneer of quantum gravity, author of works in astrophysics, semiconductors, q ...

(1906–1938) a theoretical physicist, a pioneer of

quantum gravity Quantum gravity (QG) is a field of theoretical physics that seeks to describe gravity according to the principles of quantum mechanics; it deals with environments in which neither gravitational nor quantum effects can be ignored, such as in the vi ...

* Valeriy Chaly (born 1970) diplomat; Ambassador of Ukraine to the USA from 2015–2019 *

Todros Geller Todros Geller (Yiddish: טודרוס געלער; July 1, 1889 – February, 23 1949) was a Jewish American artist and teacher best known as a master printmaker and a leading artist among Chicago's art community. Early life and education Gell ...

(1889–1949) a Jewish American artist, teacher and master printmaker *

(born 1978) politician, Prime Minister of Ukraine 2016-2019 * Victoria Koblenko (born 1980) Dutch actress, presenter and columnist * Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky (1864–1913) author of novels and short stories. His home is a museum. *

Volodymyr Kozhukhar Volodymyr Markovych Kozhukhar (; 16 March 1941 – 3 December 2022) was a Soviet and Ukrainian conductor and academic teacher who focused on opera. Most notably, he conducted and taught in Kyiv and Moscow, among other places. His first post w ...

(1941–2022) conductor and academic teacher *

Mykola Leontovych Mykola Dmytrovych Leontovych (23 January 1921; ua, Микола Дмитрович Леонтович, link=no (); also Leontovich) was a Ukrainian composer, conductor, ethnomusicologist and teacher. His music was inspired by the Ukrainian c ...

(1877–1921) Ukrainian composer who worked here *

Alexander Lerner Alexander Yakovlevich Lerner (russian: Александр Яковлевич Лернер; 7 September 1913, Vinnytsia, Russian Empire – 6 April 2004, Rehovot, Israel) was a scientist and Soviet refusenik. He was born to a Jewish family in Vinny ...

(1913–2004) Soviet-Israeli cyberneticist and

dissident A dissident is a person who actively challenges an established political or religious system, doctrine, belief, policy, or institution. In a religious context, the word has been used since the 18th century, and in the political sense since the 20th ...

Yuri Levada Yuri Alexandrovich Levada (russian: Ю́рий Алекса́ндрович Лева́да; 24 April 1930 in Vinnytsia – 16 November 2006 in Moscow) was a well known Russian sociologist, political scientist and the founder of the Levada Ce ...

(1930–2006) sociologist, political scientist and the founder of the Levada Center * Yitzkhok Yoel Linetzky (1839–1915) a Yiddish language author and early Zionist. *

Anatoly Lysenko Anatoly Grigorievich Lysenko (russian: link=no, Анатолий Григорьевич Лысенко; 14 April 1937 – 20 June 2021) was a Soviet and Russian television figure, journalist, director, producer. Honored Artist of Russia, laureat ...

(1937–2021) a Soviet and Russian TV figure, journalist, director and producer. *

Marina A marina (from Spanish , Portuguese and Italian : ''marina'', "coast" or "shore") is a dock or basin with moorings and supplies for yachts and small boats. A marina differs from a port in that a marina does not handle large passenger ships or ...

(born 1989) Polish singer of Ukrainian origin * Jerzy Niezbrzycki (1902–1968) captain of the Polish Army *

Illia Nyzhnyk Illia Ihorovych Nyzhnyk ( uk, Ілля Ігорович Нижник; born September 27, 1996) is a Ukrainian chess grandmaster (2011). Chess career He was born in Vinnytsia ( Ukraine) and gained worldwide attention when he won Group B of th ...

(born 1996) a Ukrainian chess grandmaster *

Alla Pavlova Alla Pavlova (Russian: ''Алла Павлова'', born July 13, 1952 in Ukraine) is a Russian composer, born and initially raised in Vinnitsa in Ukraine. She and her family moved to Moscow in 1961, and she then moved to Brooklyn, New York in 1 ...

(b. 1952), composer *

Nikolay Pirogov Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (Russian: Никола́й Ива́нович Пирого́в; — ) was a Russian scientist, medical doctor, pedagogue, public figure, and corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1847), one of the ...

(1810–1881) originally from Moscow, an Imperial Russian doctor, founder of

field surgery Battlefield medicine, also called field surgery and later combat casualty care, is the treatment of wounded combatants and non-combatants in or near an area of combat. Civilian medicine has been greatly advanced by procedures that were first ...

, spent his later years in Vinnytsia; his home is a museum. *

Olya Polyakova Olha Yuriivna Polyakova ( uk, Ольга Юріївна Полякова; born 17 January 1979) is a Ukrainian singer, TV presenter, and comedian known as ''Super Blonde''. Career At 15, she began her singing career at Bakhus (Bacchus) restauran ...

(born 1979) a Ukrainian singer, TV presenter and comedian *

Maksym Shapoval Maksym Mykhaylovych Shapoval (; 6 July 1978 – 27 June 2017) was a senior officer (Colonel) in the Ukrainian military and head of the special forces of the Chief Intelligence Directorate. Col. Shapoval had only recently returned from the confl ...

(1978–2017) intelligence officer and head of a special forces of the Ukrainian Chief Directorate of Intelligence; assassinated by Russian agents in 2017. * Vladyslav Skalsky (born 1976) a Ukrainian civil servant and politician. *

Olga Storozhenko Olga Storozhenko (born 14 April 1992) is a Ukrainian actress, model, teacher and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Ukraine Universe 2013. Olga later represented Ukraine at Miss Universe 2013 in Moscow, Russia. Early life Olga Storozhenk ...

(born 1992) Miss Ukraine Universe 2013 & Top 10 Miss Universe 2013 * Mykola Tochytskyi (born 1967) diplomat, politician and deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs *

Leonid Isaakovich Vail Leonid Isaakovich Vail (12 May 1883 – 23 January 1945) was a painter and art theorist from the Russian Empire. He was born in Vinnytsia, in the Podolia Governorate of the Russian Empire, to a family of Russian-Jewish Traders. Vail spent his ...

(1883–1945) a Russian Painter and art theorist. * Inna Abramovna Zhvanetskaia (born 1937) composer, piano teacher and lecturer

Sport

* Serhiy Cherniavskiy (born 1976) a cyclist; silver medallist at the

2000 Summer Olympics The 2000 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the XXVII Olympiad and also known as Sydney 2000 ( Dharug: ''Gadigal 2000''), the Millennium Olympic Games or the Games of the New Millennium, was an international multi-sport event held from ...

Sergey Fedorchuk Sergey Fedorchuk ( ua, Сергій Федорчук, translit=Serhiy Fedorchuk; born 14 March 1981) is a Ukrainian chess player. He was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE in 2002. Career In 1995 Fedorchuk won the European Youth Chess C ...

(born 1981) a Ukrainian Grandmaster chess player. * Pavlo Khnykin (born 1969) freestyle swimmer, team silver medallist at the

1992 Summer Olympics The 1992 Summer Olympics ( es, Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992, ca, Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992), officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad ( es, Juegos de la XXV Olimpiada, ca, Jocs de la XXV Olimpíada) and commonly known as ...

* Sergei Polyakov (born 1968) a Russian sport shooter, silver medallist at the

2004 Summer Olympics The 2004 Summer Olympics ( el, Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2004, ), officially the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad ( el, Αγώνες της 28ης Ολυμπιάδας, ) and also known as Athens 2004 ( el, Αθήνα 2004), ...

International relations

Twin towns – Sister cities

Vinnytsia is twinned with:

Gallery

File:Винница. Областная Рада..JPG, Vinnytsia regional council File:Україна Вінниця, Українська греко-католицька церква (4).jpg, Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church File:Vinnitsa Dominician costel 1758.jpg, The Transfiguration Cathedral in Vinnytsia (1758) File:Vinnytsia-baptist-church.jpg,

Baptist Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing Christian believers only ( believer's baptism), and doing so by complete immersion. Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul c ...

church. File:Vinnytsia Glory Memorial and eternal fire in Kozitsky Park-LF.jpg, Glory Memorial and

Eternal flame An eternal flame is a flame, lamp or torch that burns for an indefinite time. Most eternal flames are ignited and tended intentionally, but some are natural phenomena caused by natural gas leaks, peat fires and coal seam fires, all of which can ...

File:Pushkin street Vinnytsya new.jpg,

Art Nouveau Art Nouveau (; ) is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts. The style is known by different names in different languages: in German, in Italian, in Catalan, and also known as the Modern ...

building, built by architect V.P. Listovichiy File:Вінниця, Медуніверситет (Головний корпус), вул. Пирогова 56.jpg, Medical University in Vinnytsia File:Vinnickiy teatr.jpg, State academic theater File:Water tower (belfry).jpg, Vinnytsia water tower File:Садиба Пирогова!.JPG, Mansion-museum of

File:База вінницької Ниви.JPG, Home stadium of PFC Nyva Vinnytsia File:Vinnytsia-memorial.jpg, Monuments to the victims of the terror of 1937-1938 File:Вінниця, Миколаївська церква.jpg, Nicholas church, 1746

Notes

References

External links

* * * * {{Authority control Cities in Vinnytsia Oblast Oblast centers in Ukraine Populated places on the Southern Bug Cities of regional significance in Ukraine 14th-century establishments in Ukraine 1363 establishments in Europe Populated places established in the 1360s Bratslav Voivodeship Cossack Hetmanate Vinnitsky Uyezd Holocaust locations in Ukraine Articles containing video clips Ukrainian Air Force Jewish communities destroyed in the Holocaust