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Marcus Verrius Flaccus (c. 55 BCAD 20) was a
Flaccus was also a distinguished philologist and antiquarian investigator. His most important work, ''De verborum significatu'', was the first major alphabetical
Fragments of Verrius Flaccus's works
an
in Latin *English translation o
at ''attalus.org'' {{DEFAULTSORT:Flaccus, Verrius Flaccus, Marcus Verrius Flaccus, Marcus Verrius 1st-century BC Latin writers 1st-century Latin writers 1st-century BC lexicographers 1st-century lexicographers Flaccus, Marcus Flaccus, Marcus Verrius Ancient Roman antiquarians 1st-century BC educators Imperial Roman slaves and freedmen
Roman
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
* Rome, the capital city of Italy
* Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
*Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lett ...
grammar
In linguistics, the grammar of a natural language is its set of structural constraints on speakers' or writers' composition of clauses, phrases, and words. The term can also refer to the study of such constraints, a field that includes doma ...
ian and teacher who flourished under Augustus
Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor; he reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He is known for being the founder of the Roman Pr ...
and Tiberius
Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus (; 16 November 42 BC – 16 March AD 37) was the second Roman emperor. He reigned from AD 14 until 37, succeeding his stepfather, the first Roman emperor Augustus. Tiberius was born in Rome in 42 BC. His father ...
.
Life
He was a freedman, and his manumitter has been identified with Verrius Flaccus, an authority on pontifical law; but for chronological reasons the name of Veranius Flaccus, a writer on augury, has been suggested (Teuffel-Schwabe, ''Hist. of Roman Lit.'' 199, 4). He gained such a reputation by his methods of instruction that he was summoned to court to bring upGaius
Gaius, sometimes spelled ''Gajus'', Kaius, Cajus, Caius, was a common Latin praenomen; see Gaius (praenomen).
People
* Gaius (jurist) (), Roman jurist
*Gaius Acilius
*Gaius Antonius
* Gaius Antonius Hybrida
*Gaius Asinius Gallus
* Gaius Asiniu ...
and Lucius
Lucius ( el, Λούκιος ''Loukios''; ett, Luvcie) is a male given name derived from '' Lucius'' (abbreviated ''L.''), one of the small group of common Latin forenames ('' praenomina'') found in the culture of ancient Rome. Lucius derives from ...
, the grandsons of Augustus. He removed there with his whole school, and his salary was greatly increased on the condition that he took no fresh pupils. He died at an advanced age during the reign of Tiberius (Suetonius
Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (), commonly referred to as Suetonius ( ; c. AD 69 – after AD 122), was a Roman historian who wrote during the early Imperial era
The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τ� ...
, ''De Grammaticis'', 17), and a statue in his honour was erected at Praeneste, in a marble recess, with inscriptions from his '' Fasti Praenestini''.
Works
Flaccus was also a distinguished philologist and antiquarian investigator. His most important work, ''De verborum significatu'', was the first major alphabetical dictionary
A dictionary is a listing of lexemes from the lexicon of one or more specific languages, often arranged alphabetically (or by radical and stroke for ideographic languages), which may include information on definitions, usage, etymologie ...
in Latin. Though only small fragments remain of the work, it served as the basis for Sextus Pompeius Festus
Sextus Pompeius Festus, usually known simply as Festus, was a Roman grammarian who probably flourished in the later 2nd century AD, perhaps at Narbo (Narbonne) in Gaul.
Work
He made a 20-volume epitome of Verrius Flaccus's voluminous and encyclop ...
's epitome
An epitome (; gr, ἐπιτομή, from ἐπιτέμνειν ''epitemnein'' meaning "to cut short") is a summary or miniature form, or an instance that represents a larger reality, also used as a synonym for embodiment. Epitomacy represents " ...
, also called ''De verborum significatu
''De verborum significatione libri XX'' ('Twenty Books on the Meaning of Words'), also known as the ''Lexicon of Festus'', is an epitome compiled, edited, and annotated by Sextus Pompeius Festus from the encyclopedic works of Verrius Flaccus. Fe ...
''. Festus's work was in turn abridged centuries later by Paul the Deacon
Paul the Deacon ( 720s 13 April in 796, 797, 798, or 799 AD), also known as ''Paulus Diaconus'', ''Warnefridus'', ''Barnefridus'', or ''Winfridus'', and sometimes suffixed ''Cassinensis'' (''i.e.'' "of Monte Cassino"), was a Benedictine monk, ...
for the library of Charlemagne
Charlemagne ( , ) or Charles the Great ( la, Carolus Magnus; german: Karl der Große; 2 April 747 – 28 January 814), a member of the Carolingian dynasty, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and the first E ...
. Of the calendar of Roman festivals (''Fasti Praenestini'') engraved on marble and set up in the forum at Praeneste, some fragments were discovered (1771) at some distance from the town itself in a Christian building of later date, and some consular ''fasti'' in the forum itself (1778). The collection was subsequently increased by two new fragments.
Other lost works of Flaccus include:
*''De Orthographia: De Obscuris Catonis'', an elucidation of obscurities in the writings of Cato the Elder
Marcus Porcius Cato (; 234–149 BC), also known as Cato the Censor ( la, Censorius), the Elder and the Wise, was a Roman soldier, senator, and historian known for his conservatism and opposition to Hellenization. He was the first to write hi ...
*''Saturnus'', dealing with questions of Roman ritual
*''Rerum memoria dignarum libri'', an encyclopaedic work much used by Pliny the Elder
Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/2479), called Pliny the Elder (), was a Roman author, naturalist and natural philosopher, and naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the emperor Vespasian. He wrote the encyclopedic ' ...
*''Res Etruscae'', probably on augury
Augury is the practice from ancient Roman religion of interpreting omens from the observed behavior of birds. When the individual, known as the augur, interpreted these signs, it is referred to as "taking the auspices". "Auspices" (Latin ''aus ...
.
See also
*Quintus Caecilius Epirota Quintus Caecilius Epirota (1st Century BC) was a freeman of Atticus, a grammarian, and the first person to initiate the public teaching of Virgil’s poetry.
Life
Atticus had employed Epirota to teach his daughter, but he became suspicious about t ...
References
Attribution: * *For the fragments of the ''Fasti'' see ''Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum
The ''Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum'' (''CIL'') is a comprehensive collection of ancient Latin inscriptions. It forms an authoritative source for documenting the surviving epigraphy of classical antiquity. Public and personal inscriptions throw ...
'', i. pp. 311;
*G. Gatti, "Due nuovi Frammenti del Calendario di Verrio Flacco," in ''Atti della r. Accademia dei Lincei'', 5th ser., vol. 5, pt. 2, p. 421 (1898);
*Winther, ''De Fastis Verrii Flacci ab Ovidio adhibitis'' (1885);
*John Edwin Sandys
Sir John Edwin Sandys ( "Sands"; 19 May 1844 – 6 July 1922) was an English classical scholar.
Life
Born in Leicester, England on 19 May 1844, Sandys was the 4th son of Rev. Timothy Sandys (1803–1871) and Rebecca Swain (1800–1853). Livin ...
, ''Classical Scholarship'' (ed. 1906), vol. i., index, s.v. "Verrius";
*Fragments of Flaccus in KO Müller's edition of Festus;
*Henry Nettleship
Henry Nettleship (5 May 1839 – 10 July 1893) was an English classical scholar.
Life
Nettleship was born at Kettering, and was educated at Lancing College, Durham School and Charterhouse schools, and gained a scholarship for entry to Corpus Ch ...
, ''Lectures and Essays''.
External links
Fragments of Verrius Flaccus's works
an
in Latin *English translation o
at ''attalus.org'' {{DEFAULTSORT:Flaccus, Verrius Flaccus, Marcus Verrius Flaccus, Marcus Verrius 1st-century BC Latin writers 1st-century Latin writers 1st-century BC lexicographers 1st-century lexicographers Flaccus, Marcus Flaccus, Marcus Verrius Ancient Roman antiquarians 1st-century BC educators Imperial Roman slaves and freedmen