Vernon (; nrf, Vernoun) is a commune in the French department of

Eure Eure () is a department in Normandy in Northwestern France, named after the river Eure. Its prefecture is Évreux. In 2019, Eure had a population of 599,507.administrative region Administrative division, administrative unit,Article 3(1). country subdivision, administrative region, subnational entity, constituent state, as well as many similar terms, are generic names for geographical areas into which a particular, ind ...

Normandy Normandy (; french: link=no, Normandie ; nrf, Normaundie, Nouormandie ; from Old French , plural of ''Normant'', originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is a geographical and cultural region in Northwestern ...

, northern

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

. It lies on the banks of the river

Seine ) , mouth_location = Le Havre/ Honfleur , mouth_coordinates = , mouth_elevation = , progression = , river_system = Seine basin , basin_size = , tributaries_left = Yonne, Loing, Eure, Risle , tributa ...

, about midway between

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Si ...

and

Rouen Rouen (, ; or ) is a city on the River Seine in northern France. It is the prefecture of the region of Normandy and the department of Seine-Maritime. Formerly one of the largest and most prosperous cities of medieval Europe, the population ...

. Vernon–Giverny station has rail connections to Rouen and Paris. The town is known for its production of engines by the

SNECMA Safran Aircraft Engines, previously Snecma (''Société nationale d'études et de construction de moteurs d'aviation'') or Snecma Moteurs, is a French aerospace engine manufacturer headquartered in Courcouronnes and a subsidiary of Safran. It ...

group.

History

Mentioned in a Latin written document as ''Vernum'', the /m/ at the end could be the last remains of the

Celtic Celtic, Celtics or Keltic may refer to: Language and ethnicity *pertaining to Celts, a collection of Indo-European peoples in Europe and Anatolia **Celts (modern) *Celtic languages **Proto-Celtic language *Celtic music *Celtic nations Sports Foo ...

''magus'' 'plain' or 'market', or it is a simple latinization, and the origin is just the Celtic word ''*uerno'',

alder Alders are trees comprising the genus ''Alnus'' in the birch family Betulaceae. The genus comprises about 35 species of monoecious trees and shrubs, a few reaching a large size, distributed throughout the north temperate zone with a few sp ...

tree ( Breton ''gwern'',

Welsh Welsh may refer to: Related to Wales * Welsh, referring or related to Wales * Welsh language, a Brittonic Celtic language spoken in Wales * Welsh people People * Welsh (surname) * Sometimes used as a synonym for the ancient Britons (Celtic peopl ...

''gwern'', Irish ''fern'', modern

French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

''verne''). The village gave its name to a family who took part in the

Norman Conquest of England The Norman Conquest (or the Conquest) was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army made up of thousands of Norman, Breton, Flemish, and French troops, all led by the Duke of Normandy, later styled William the Conqu ...

, and then became a British first name. The village is home to Établissement Saint-Adjutor, a notable private school.

Important dates

* 750 – First mention of name Vernon by

Pepin the Short the Short (french: Pépin le Bref; – 24 September 768), also called the Younger (german: Pippin der Jüngere), was King of the Franks from 751 until his death in 768. He was the first Carolingian to become king. The younger was the son of ...

. * 1070 – Birth of

Saint Adjutor Adjutor (died April 30, 1131) is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church. He is credited to be the patron saint of swimmers, boaters, and drowning victims, and the patron saint of Vernon, France. Adjutor was born in Vernon, France, on Jul ...

. * 1123 – Building of Vernon Castle * 1153 – Vernon is besieged by king

Louis VII Louis VII (1120 – 18 September 1180), called the Younger, or the Young (french: link=no, le Jeune), was King of the Franks from 1137 to 1180. He was the son and successor of King Louis VI (hence the epithet "the Young") and married Duchess ...

. * 1196 – Vernon is joined to the royal domain by King Philip II Augustus. * 1227 – Saint-Louis comes to Vernon. * 1415 – Vernon becomes English. * 1449 – Vernon passes to France (king Charles VII). * 1596 – 8 October, Henry IV visits Bizy Castle. * 1600 – Construction of the Vieux-Moulin (old mill). * 1606 – Henry IV creates a school. * 1723 – Creation of the Avenue des Capucins. * 1789 – Thomas Jefferson, his family, and Sally and James Hemings stop at Vernon on their way to Le Havre to return to America. * 1804 – Vernonnet is attached to Vernon. * 1810 –

Napoleon I Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader wh ...

comes to Vernon. * 1843 – Arrival of the

Le Havre Le Havre (, ; nrf, Lé Hâvre ) is a port city in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of northern France. It is situated on the right bank of the estuary of the river Seine on the Channel southwest of the Pays de Caux, very ...

railroad Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport that transfers passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are incorporated in tracks. In contrast to road transport, where the vehicles run on a prep ...

. * 1858 – Building of the Saint-Louis Hospital. * 1860 – Highworks urbanism in the centre by Suchet d'Albuféra. * 1862 – Building of the library. * 1895 – Inauguration of the new town hall by Adolphe Barette. * 1897 – First cinema show at the Vernon Theatre. * 1910 – The

river floods the town. * 1946 – Arrival of 28 German scientists from Peenemünde to develop French rockets. * 1951 – First attempt to launch a ''Véronique'' rocket (Vernonelectronic

* 1955 – Inauguration of the Clémenceau Bridge. * 1966 – Building of the Georges Dumézil high school. * 1983 – First edition of the ''Foire aux Cerises'' (cherry fair). * 1992 – Building of the Espace Culturel Philippe Auguste.

Population

Twin towns – sister cities

Vernon is Sister city, twinned with: * Bad Kissingen, Germany *

Massa Massa may refer to: Places *Massa, Tuscany, the administrative seat of the Italian province of Massa-Carrara. *Massa (river), river in Switzerland * Massa (Tanzanian ward), administrative ward in the Mpwapwa district of the Dodoma Region of Ta ...

, Italy

Notable people

Joseph Mallord William Turner Joseph Mallord William Turner (23 April 177519 December 1851), known in his time as William Turner, was an English Romantic painter, printmaker and watercolourist. He is known for his expressive colouring, imaginative landscapes and turbul ...

(1775–1851), English Romantic painter * Philippe Montanier (born 1964), football player and manager * Chantal Jouanno (born 1969), politician * Tongo Doumbia (born 1989), footballer * Marie-Charlotte Garin (born 1995), politician * Ousmane Dembélé (born 1997), footballer * Jared Khasa (born 1997), footballer

Gallery

Vernon - Église01.jpg, Collégiale Notre-Dame (now Parish Church) Vernon - Tour des Archives03.jpg, Tour des archives (

Philippe Auguste Philip II (21 August 1165 – 14 July 1223), byname Philip Augustus (french: Philippe Auguste), was King of France from 1180 to 1223. His predecessors had been known as kings of the Franks, but from 1190 onward, Philip became the first French ...

's Keep) Vernon office de tourisme.jpg, Maison du Temps Jadis (Medieval House) Vernon - Musée AG Poulain03.jpg, Corner of Rue du Pont and Rue Carnot Vernon - Musée AG Poulain01.jpg, Museum Vernon - Colombages01.jpg, Place Barette Vernon - Hôtel de ville02.jpg, Town hall Tombeau saint mauxe1.jpg, Tomb of Saint-Mauxe Vernon - Monuments aux morts01.jpg, War memorial Vernon - Pont sur la Seine01.jpg, Pont Clemenceau Pont médiéval à Vernon.JPG, Medieval bridge Vernon - Place de la République01.jpg, Place Charles de Gaulle's Market Day Vernon - Espace Philippe-Auguste01.jpg, Espace Philippe-Auguste Culture Centre

History

Important dates

Population

Twin towns – sister cities

Notable people

Gallery

See also