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The Verkhoyansk Range (russian: Верхоянский хребет, ''Verkhojanskiy Khrebet''; sah, Үөһээ Дьааҥы сис хайата, ''Üöhee Chaangy sis khaĭata'') is a
mountain range A mountain range or hill range is a series of mountains or hills arranged in a line and connected by high ground. A mountain system or mountain belt is a group of mountain ranges with similarity in form, structure, and alignment that have ari ...
in the Sakha Republic,
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-ei ...
near the settlement of Verkhoyansk, well-known for its frigid climate. It is part of the East Siberian Mountains. The range lies just west of the boundary of the
Eurasian Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipela ...
and the
North American North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the ...
tectonic plates. The mountains were formed by folding, and represent an
anticline In structural geology, an anticline is a type of fold that is an arch-like shape and has its oldest beds at its core, whereas a syncline is the inverse of an anticline. A typical anticline is convex up in which the hinge or crest is t ...
. The Verkhoyansk Range was covered by
glacier A glacier (; ) is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight. A glacier forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation over many years, often centuries. It acquires distinguishing features, such a ...
s during the Last Glacial Period and the mountains in the northern section, such as the
Orulgan Range The Orulgan Range (russian: Орулган; sah, Орулҕан) is a range of mountains in far North-eastern Russia. Administratively the range is part of the Sakha Republic, Russian Federation.
, display a typical Alpine relief. There are
coal Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Coal is formed when ...
,
silver Silver is a chemical element with the symbol Ag (from the Latin ', derived from the Proto-Indo-European ''h₂erǵ'': "shiny" or "white") and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical ...
,
lead Lead is a chemical element with the symbol Pb (from the Latin ) and atomic number 82. It is a heavy metal that is denser than most common materials. Lead is soft and malleable, and also has a relatively low melting point. When freshly cut, ...
, tin and
zinc Zinc is a chemical element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. Zinc is a slightly brittle metal at room temperature and has a shiny-greyish appearance when oxidation is removed. It is the first element in group 12 (IIB) of the periodi ...
deposits in the mountains.


Geography

Rising from the shores of the Buor-Khaya Gulf in the north, it runs southwards spanning roughly 1000 km (600 mi.) across Yakutia, east of the Central Yakutian Lowland, and west of the
Chersky Range The Chersky Range (, ) is a chain of mountains in northeastern Siberia between the Yana River and the Indigirka River. Administratively the area of the range belongs to the Sakha Republic, although a small section in the east is within Magada ...
, reaching the Lena Plateau to the south and the Yudoma-Maya Highlands to the southeast. It forms a vast arc between the
Lena Lena or LENA may refer to: Places * Léna Department, a department of Houet Province in Burkina Faso * Lena, Manitoba, an unincorporated community located in Killarney-Turtle Mountain municipality in Manitoba, Canada * Lena, Norway, a village in ...
and Aldan rivers to the west and the Yana River to the east. The Verkhoyansk Range has a higher southeastern prolongation, the Suntar-Khayata Range, that is occasionally considered as a separate range system. Thus the highest point of the range in a restricted geographical sense is an unnamed high peak in the
Orulgan Range The Orulgan Range (russian: Орулган; sah, Орулҕан) is a range of mountains in far North-eastern Russia. Administratively the range is part of the Sakha Republic, Russian Federation.
.Verkhoyansk Range
// ''
Great Soviet Encyclopedia The ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'' (GSE; ) is one of the largest Russian-language encyclopedias, published in the Soviet Union from 1926 to 1990. After 2002, the encyclopedia's data was partially included into the later ''Bolshaya rossiyskaya e ...
:'' n 30 vols. / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov. - 3rd ed. - M. Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
The Ulakhan-Bom, highest point , Sette-Daban, highest point , Skalisty Range (Rocky Range), highest point , are located at the southern end and were also considered separate ranges in classical geographic works. The two ranges were surveyed in 1934 by geologist Yuri Bilibin (1901—1952) together with mining engineer Evgeny Bobin (1897—1941) in the course of an expedition sent by the government of the Soviet Union. After conducting the first topographic survey of the area Bilibin established that the Skalisty and Sette-Daban mountain chains belong to the Verkhoyansk Mountain System. Bilibin and Bobin also explored for the first time the Yudoma-Maya Highlands, located to the southeast of the Ulakhan-Bom/Sette-Daban/Skalisty ranges.


Subranges

Besides the Orulgan, the system of the range comprises a number of subranges, as well as a plateau, including the following: ;Northern section —north of the
Arctic Circle The Arctic Circle is one of the two polar circles, and the most northerly of the five major circles of latitude as shown on maps of Earth. Its southern equivalent is the Antarctic Circle. The Arctic Circle marks the southernmost latitude at ...
* Kharaulakh Range, highest point ** Tuora Sis, highest point ** Kunga Range, highest point *
Dzhardzhan Range The Dzhardzhan Range (russian: Джарджанский хребет; sah, Дьардьаан, ''Carcaan'') is a range of mountains in far North-eastern Russia. Administratively the range is part of the Sakha Republic, Russian Federation. Geogra ...
, highest point * Sietinden Range, highest point * Kular Range, highest point * Byrandia Range, highest point * Kuyellyakh Range (Кюельляхский хребет), highest point ;Southern section —south of the Arctic Circle * Echysky Massif, highest point * Arkachan Plateau, highest point * Tagindzhin Range, highest point *
Muosuchan Range The Muosuchan Range (russian: Муосучанский Хребет; sah, Муоһучаан сис) is a range of mountains in far North-eastern Russia. Administratively the range is part of the Sakha Republic, Russian Federation. Geography T ...
, highest point * Bygyn Range, highest point * Kuturgin Range, highest point *
Munni Range The Munni Range (russian: Муннийский Хребет; sah, Мунньи сис) is a range of mountains in far North-eastern Russia. Administratively the range is part of the Sakha Republic, Russian Federation. Geography The Munni Range ...
, highest point *
Kelter Range The Kelter Range (russian: Кельтерский Хребет; sah, Кэлтэр сис) is a range of mountains in far North-eastern Russia. Administratively the range is part of the Sakha Republic, Russian Federation. The area of the range is ...
, highest point *
Sorkin Range Sorkin (russian: Соркин) is a matronymic Russian-Jewish surname (meaning "son of Sarah"). Variants: Surkin, Syrkin. It may refer to: * Aaron Benjamin Sorkin (born 1961), American screenwriter, producer, and playwright *Andrew Ross Sorkin (bor ...
, highest point *
Ust-Vilyuy Range The Ust-Vilyuy Range (russian: Хребет Усть-Вилюйский, sah, Уус Бүлүү) is a range of mountains in North-eastern Russia. Administratively the range is part of the Sakha Republic of the Russian Federation. The area of the ...
, highest point (close to the Lena) * Chochum Range, highest point * Sordogin Range, highest point * Khabakh Range, highest point (east) * Khunkhadin Range, highest point (east) ;Far southern section (Part of the greater Verkhoyansk Range, together with the Suntar Khayata) * Kyllakh Range, highest point * Ulakhan-Bom, highest point ,Snow Cover and Glaciers
/ref> * Sette-Daban, highest point * Skalisty Range, highest point


Hydrography

The Verkhoyansk mountain system separates the basins of the Lena River to the west and southwest and the Omoloy and Yana to the east and northeast. It is deeply cut by riverine intermontane basins. Many right tributaries of the Lena flow westwards, having their sources in the range, including the Kyundyudey,
Undyulyung , image = Lena.svg , image_caption = Basin of the Lena with the Undyulyung in the upper right , source1_location = Orulgan Range Verkhoyansk Range , source1_coordinates = , source1_elevation = , mouth ...
, Begidyan,
Sobolokh-Mayan The Sobolokh-Mayan (russian: Соболоох-Майан; sah, Соболоох Майаан) is a river in Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia. It is the 20th longest tributary of the Lena, with a length of and a drainage basin area of . Lenok, t ...
,
Menkere The Menkere (russian: Мэнкэрэ; sah, Мэҥкэрэ) is a river in Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia. It is one of the major tributaries of the Lena. The river has a length of — together with the Syncha— and a drainage basin area of . ...
, Dzhardzhan,
Uel-Siktyakh The Uel-Siktyakh (russian: Уэль-Сиктях; sah, Юёл-Сииктээх, ''Yuyol-Siikteex'') is a river in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia. It is one of the northern tributaries of the Lena. The river has a length of and a drainage ...
, Kuranakh-Siktyakh,
Byosyuke The Byosyuke (russian: Бёсюке; sah, Бөөһүкэ) is a river in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia. It is one of the northernmost tributaries of the Lena. The river has a length of — from the source of the Sakhandya— and a drainag ...
,
Dyanyshka , other_name = Kobycha , image = Muosuchan ONC C-6.jpg , image_caption = ONC chart section with the Dyanyshka in the upper left , source1_location = Verkhoyansk Range, confluence of rivers Dektende and Birandy ...
,
Lyapiske , image = Круиз Якутск - Ленские столбы - Тикси - Якутск, 2017 (388).jpg , image_caption = Shores of the Lyapiske in its last stretch, near its confluence with the Lena , source1_location ...
, Belyanka,
Munni The Munni (russian: Мунни; sah, Мунньи, ''Munñi'') is a river in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia, a right tributary of the Belyanka, of the Lena basin. It has a length of and a drainage basin area of . There are no settlemen ...
, Kele,
Tukulan Tukulans ( rus, Тукуланы; sah, Тукулаан) are relief forms shaped by aeolian processes of the Central Yakutian Lowland, Yakutia, Russian Federation. They are sand dunes of a characteristic type mainly found along the valley of the ...
,
Tumara The Tumara (russian: Тумара; sah, Тумара) is a river in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia, a right tributary of the Aldan, part of the Lena basin. It flows across an area that is largely desolate, except for Segyan-Kyuyol village.G ...
,
Nuora The Nuora (russian: Нуора; sah, Нуора) is a river in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia, a right tributary of the Tumara, of the Aldan basin, part of the Lena basin. It has a length of and a drainage basin area of . The Nuora flows ...
and Baray, among others. To the northeast flow left tributaries of the Omoloy such as the Kuranakh-Yuryakh, Arga-Yuryakh, Bukhuruk and Sietinde. The Tompo cuts across the range in its southern part flowing from its source in the Suntar Khayata. The valley of the Aldan is located to the south, where the river makes a wide bend. From the eastern slopes flow rivers
Dulgalakh The Dulgalakh ( rus, Дулгалах; sah, Дулҕалаах, ''Dulğalaax'') is a river in Yakutia, the left, western source river of the Yana. Its length is and its basin size . Course The Dulgalakh rises on the central Verkhoyansk Range, so ...
and Sartang, which form river Yana further north, as well as its tributaries Bytantay,
Nelgese The Nelgese ( rus, Нельгесе; sah, Нэльгэһэ, ''Nelgehe'') is a river in the Republic of Sakha in Russia. It is a left hand tributary of the Adycha, of the Yana basin. It is long, with a drainage basin of . The river flows across ...
,
Derbeke The Derbeke ( rus, Дербеке; sah, Дэрбэкэ) is a river in the Republic of Sakha in Russia. It is a left hand tributary of the Adycha, of the Yana basin. It is long, with a drainage basin of . It is an excellent river for boating, ...
and
Baky The Baky (russian: Бакы; sah, Бакы) is a river in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia. It is one of the northern tributaries of the Yana. The river has a length of and a drainage basin area of . The river flows north of the Arctic Ci ...
, among others. Rivers in the mountainous areas are usually frozen between September and May.


Climate and flora

The world's lowest
temperature Temperature is a physical quantity that expresses quantitatively the perceptions of hotness and coldness. Temperature is measured with a thermometer. Thermometers are calibrated in various temperature scales that historically have relied o ...
s for inhabited places have been recorded in this region, and there is quite deep snow cover for most of the year. The mountain range is home to an
alpine tundra Alpine tundra is a type of natural region or biome that does not contain trees because it is at high elevation, with an associated harsh climate. As the latitude of a location approaches the poles, the threshold elevation for alpine tundra gets ...
, supporting various species of mosses and lichens. Some sparsely-wooded forests of mainly larch and dwarf Siberian pine are found on smooth slopes.


See also

* List of mountains and hills of Russia *
Chersky Range The Chersky Range (, ) is a chain of mountains in northeastern Siberia between the Yana River and the Indigirka River. Administratively the area of the range belongs to the Sakha Republic, although a small section in the east is within Magada ...


References


External links

*
NASA picture

Chapter 5 Precambrian of the Cover - ScienceDirect
{{Regions of the world East Siberian Mountains