Val Camonica (also ''Valcamonica'' or Camonica Valley,
Eastern Lombard
Eastern Lombard is a group of closely related variants of Lombard, a Gallo-Italic dialect spoken in Lombardy, mainly in the provinces of Bergamo, Brescia and Mantua, in the area around Cremona and in parts of Trentino. Its main variants are Be ...
: ''Al Camònega'') is one of the largest valleys of the central
Alps
The Alps () ; german: Alpen ; it, Alpi ; rm, Alps ; sl, Alpe . are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Sw ...
, in eastern
Lombardy
(man), (woman) lmo, lumbard, links=no (man), (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 =
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographics1_title1 =
, ...
,
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
. It extends about from the
Tonale Pass
Tonale Pass ( it, Passo del Tonale) (el. 1883 m./6178 ft.) is a high mountain pass in northern Italy across the Rhaetian Alps, between Lombardy and Trentino.
It connects Valcamonica and Val di Sole. It is delimited by the Ortl ...
to Corna Trentapassi, in the commune of
Pisogne near
Lake Iseo
Lake Iseo or Iseo lake ( ; it, Lago d'Iseo ; lmo, Lach d'Izé, label=Eastern Lombard), also known as Sebino (; la, Sebinus), is the fourth largest lake in Lombardy, Italy, fed by the Oglio River.
It is in the north of the country in the Val ...
. It has an area of about
[Area of the municipalities, excluding Val di Scalve] and 118,323 inhabitants.
[Sum of ISTAT data of communes at 31 December 2007]
The River
Oglio
The Oglio (; Latin ''Ollius'', or ''Olius''; Lombard ''Òi''; Cremonese ''Ùi'') is a left-side tributary of the river Po in Lombardy, Italy. It is long.
In the hierarchy of the Po's tributaries, with its of length, it occupies the 2nd ...
runs through its full length, rising at
Ponte di Legno and flowing into Lake Iseo between Pisogne and
Costa Volpino
Costa Volpino ( Bergamasque: ) is a '' comune'' in the province of Bergamo, in Lombardy, Italy. Situated at the end of Valle Camonica, where the Oglio river enters the Lake Iseo, it is bounded by other communes of Lovere and Rogno
Rogno ( Cam ...
.
Almost all of the valley is included in the administrative territory of the
province of Brescia
The Province of Brescia ( it, provincia di Brescia; Brescian: ) is a Province in the Lombardy administrative region of northern Italy. It has a population of some 1,265,964 (as of January 2019) and its capital is the city of Brescia.
With an ar ...
, except for
Lovere
Lovere ( Bergamasque: ) is a town and '' comune'' in the province of Bergamo, in Lombardy, northern Italy, at the northwest end of Lake Iseo.
The houses in the city have overhanging wooden roofs, typical of Switzerland, combined with the hea ...
,
Rogno, Costa Volpino and the Val di Scalve, which belong to the
province of Bergamo
The Province of Bergamo ( it, provincia di Bergamo; lmo, proìnsa de Bèrghem) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. It has a population of 1,112,187 (2017), an area of , and contains 243 '' comuni''. Its capital is the city of Bergamo. ...
.
Since 1979, the
rock drawings
A petroglyph is an image created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, picking, carving, or abrading, as a form of rock art. Outside North America, scholars often use terms such as "carving", "engraving", or other descriptions ...
located along the valley are a
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international coope ...
World Heritage Site
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for ...
, while the entire valley became a UNESCO
World Biosphere Reserve
The UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) covers internationally designated protected areas, known as biosphere reserves, which are meant to demonstrate a balanced relationship between people and nature (e.g. encourage sustainable de ...
in 2018.
Etymology
''Val Camonica'' is derived from the
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...
''Vallis Camunnorum'', "Valley of the
Camunni."
Geography
Territory
Val Camonica can be divided into three main areas:
# ''Lower Val Camonica'': a flat area of meadows and fields, starting from the shores of
Lake Iseo
Lake Iseo or Iseo lake ( ; it, Lago d'Iseo ; lmo, Lach d'Izé, label=Eastern Lombard), also known as Sebino (; la, Sebinus), is the fourth largest lake in Lombardy, Italy, fed by the Oglio River.
It is in the north of the country in the Val ...
and extending to the transverse ridge of
Bienno
Bienno ( Camunian: ) is an Italian '' comune'' in Val Camonica, province of Brescia, Lombardy, classed as one of the five most beautiful villages of Italy by the Council of Tourism of the Association of Italian Municipalities (ANCI).
Geography ...
, sometimes referred to as the
Breno Threshold.
# ''Middle Val Camonica'': extending from the Breno Threshold to the municipality of
Sonico Edolo. The ''lower middle valley'' extends from Breno to
Sellero, while the ''upper middle valley'' starts at the narrow gorge at
Cedegolo and extends to Sonico Edolo.
# ''High Val Camonica'': This part of the valley follows the
Periadriatic Seam, and is oriented from east to west. Starting in the Val di Corteno, it continues as to the town of
Ponte di Legno at the top of the valley. Its climate is similar to that of central Valtellina.
The valley is bounded by these borders:
Hydrography
Val Camonica is traversed by the River
Oglio
The Oglio (; Latin ''Ollius'', or ''Olius''; Lombard ''Òi''; Cremonese ''Ùi'') is a left-side tributary of the river Po in Lombardy, Italy. It is long.
In the hierarchy of the Po's tributaries, with its of length, it occupies the 2nd ...
, the fifth longest river in Italy, which rises at
Ponte di Legno from the confluence of the Frigidolfo and Narcanello rivers. It flows into
Lake Iseo
Lake Iseo or Iseo lake ( ; it, Lago d'Iseo ; lmo, Lach d'Izé, label=Eastern Lombard), also known as Sebino (; la, Sebinus), is the fourth largest lake in Lombardy, Italy, fed by the Oglio River.
It is in the north of the country in the Val ...
between the municipalities of
Pisogne and
Costa Volpino
Costa Volpino ( Bergamasque: ) is a '' comune'' in the province of Bergamo, in Lombardy, Italy. Situated at the end of Valle Camonica, where the Oglio river enters the Lake Iseo, it is bounded by other communes of Lovere and Rogno
Rogno ( Cam ...
.
Numerous streams, some of them seasonal, descend from the mountainsides and flow into the Oglio.
At high altitude there are many alpine lakes, including Lago Moro, as well as many artificial reservoirs, such as the Lago d'Arno.
History
Val Camonica likely became habitable only around 15,000 years ago, at the end of
last ice age, with the melting of the
glacier
A glacier (; ) is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight. A glacier forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation over many years, often centuries. It acquires distinguishing features, such a ...
that first carved out the valley. It is likely that the first humans visited the valley in
epipaleolithic
In archaeology, the Epipalaeolithic or Epipaleolithic (sometimes Epi-paleolithic etc.) is a period occurring between the Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic during the Stone Age. Mesolithic also falls between these two periods, and the two are somet ...
times, and appear to have settled by the
Neolithic
The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is an Old World archaeological period and the final division of the Stone Age. It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several pa ...
period. When the
Ancient Romans
In modern historiography, ancient Rome refers to Roman civilisation from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom (753–50 ...
extended their dominions north of the
River Po
The Po ( , ; la, Padus or ; Ancient Ligurian: or ) is the longest river in Italy. It flows eastward across northern Italy starting from the Cottian Alps. The river's length is either or , if the Maira, a right bank tributary, is included. Th ...
, they encountered a people called the
Camunni, who were a Rhaetian tribe, populating the valley. About
300,000 petroglyphs survive from this period. By the end of the first century BC, the Valle Camonica was ruled by
Ancient Rome
In modern historiography, ancient Rome refers to Roman people, Roman civilisation from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom ...
, which established the city of
Cividate Camuno
Cividate Camuno ( Camunian: ) is an Italian '' comune'' of 2,774 inhabitants (2011), in Val Camonica, province of Brescia, in Lombardy.
Geography
The territory of Cividate Camuno is bordered by several municipalities: to the east Bienno, on the ...
, with baths, an amphitheater and a large temple dedicated to
Minerva
Minerva (; ett, Menrva) is the Roman goddess of wisdom, justice, law, victory, and the sponsor of arts, trade, and strategy. Minerva is not a patron of violence such as Mars, but of strategic war. From the second century BC onward, the R ...
.
During the
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...
, numerous clashes between the
Guelphs and Ghibellines
The Guelphs and Ghibellines (, , ; it, guelfi e ghibellini ) were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, respectively, in the Italian city-states of Central Italy and Northern Italy.
During the 12th and 13th centuries, r ...
took place in this region. The Guelphs supported the power of the Bishop of Brescia and the papacy, while the Ghibellines sided with the
Holy Roman Emperor
The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans ( la, Imperator Romanorum, german: Kaiser der Römer) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period ( la, Imperat ...
. In 1287 the Val Camonica rebelled against control by
Brescia
Brescia (, locally ; lmo, link=no, label= Lombard, Brèsa ; lat, Brixia; vec, Bressa) is a city and '' comune'' in the region of Lombardy, Northern Italy. It is situated at the foot of the Alps, a few kilometers from the lakes Garda and Iseo ...
and sided with the
Visconti
Visconti is a surname which may refer to:
Italian noble families
* Visconti of Milan, ruled Milan from 1277 to 1447
** Visconti di Modrone, collateral branch of the Visconti of Milan
* Visconti of Pisa and Sardinia, ruled Gallura in Sardinia from ...
, lords of
Milan
Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city ...
, who extended their control over the area during the 14th century. From 1427 to 1454 there were
numerous battles between the
Duchy of Milan
The Duchy of Milan ( it, Ducato di Milano; lmo, Ducaa de Milan) was a state in northern Italy, created in 1395 by Gian Galeazzo Visconti, then the lord of Milan, and a member of the important Visconti family, which had been ruling the city sin ...
and the
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice ( vec, Repùblega de Venèsia) or Venetian Republic ( vec, Repùblega Vèneta, links=no), traditionally known as La Serenissima ( en, Most Serene Republic of Venice, italics=yes; vec, Serenìsima Repùblega de Venèsia ...
for the control of the valley. Ultimately the valley came under the control of Venice. During the following centuries, the civilian population grew and engaged in the iron trade.
Val Camonica was separated from Venice after Venice
was conquered by
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader wh ...
in 1797. After the deposition of Napoleon, the area was controlled by the
Austro-Hungarian Empire
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
. In 1859, Val Camonica was annexed to the
Kingdom of Italy
The Kingdom of Italy ( it, Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Kingdom of Sardinia, Sardinia was proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed King of Italy, until 1946, when civil discontent led to ...
. During World War I battle lines stretched along its eastern border, across the
Adamello Group
The Adamello-Presanella Alps Alpine group is a mountain range in the Southern Limestone Alps mountain group of the Eastern Alps. It is located in northern Italy, in the provinces of Trentino and Brescia. The name stems from its highest peaks: Ad ...
. The battles fought in this area are known as the White War in the Adamello.
In 1955, the National Park of Naquane stone carvings at
Capo di Ponte was created by the Archaeological Administration of
Lombardy
(man), (woman) lmo, lumbard, links=no (man), (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 =
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographics1_title1 =
, ...
.
Monuments and places of interest
UNESCO Site
Val Camonica is home to the greatest complex of rock drawings in
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
, containing approximately 300,000 petroglyphs
from the
epipaleolithic
In archaeology, the Epipalaeolithic or Epipaleolithic (sometimes Epi-paleolithic etc.) is a period occurring between the Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic during the Stone Age. Mesolithic also falls between these two periods, and the two are somet ...
era to the
middle ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...
.
* Parco nazionale delle incisioni rupestri di Naquane in
Capo di Ponte
* Parco archeologico nazionale dei massi di Cemmo
* Parco archeologico comunale di Seradina-Bedolina in Capo di Ponte
* Parco archeologico di Asinino-Anvòia in
Ossimo
Ossimo ( Camunian: ) is a town and '' comune'' in the province of Brescia, Lombardy, northern Italy. It is part of Val Camonica, and is divided into two centers: Ossimo Superiore and Ossimo Inferiore.
It can be reached by the provincial road 5, ...
* Parco archeologico comunale di Luine in
Darfo Boario Terme
Darfo Boario Terme ( Camunian: ) is a '' comune'' in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy, northern Italy. The name combines Darfo, the ''capoluogo'', with Boario Terme, the largest '' frazione''.
It is bounded by the communes of Angolo Terme, ...
* Parco archeologico comunale di Sellero
* Parco archeologico comunale di Sonico
* Riserva naturale Incisioni rupestri di Ceto, Cimbergo e Paspardo in
Nadro
Nadro (Nàder in camunian dialect) is an Italian hamlet (''frazione'') of the comune of Ceto ( BS), Lombardy. It has 655 inhabitants.
It lies 75 km from Brescia
Brescia (, locally ; lmo, link=no, label= Lombard, Brèsa ; lat, Brixia; ...
Camonica was the first site in Italy included in UNESCO’s
World Heritage list
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for ...
in 1979 because of its unique symbols and more than 140,000 figures carved along 8,000 years on rocks.
Medieval villages
*
Bienno
Bienno ( Camunian: ) is an Italian '' comune'' in Val Camonica, province of Brescia, Lombardy, classed as one of the five most beautiful villages of Italy by the Council of Tourism of the Association of Italian Municipalities (ANCI).
Geography ...
, recognised as one of the ''Most Beautiful Villages of Italy''
*
Lovere
Lovere ( Bergamasque: ) is a town and '' comune'' in the province of Bergamo, in Lombardy, northern Italy, at the northwest end of Lake Iseo.
The houses in the city have overhanging wooden roofs, typical of Switzerland, combined with the hea ...
, also recognised as one of the ''Most Beautiful Villages of Italy''
*
Pescarzo (Capo di Ponte), a characteristic small town.
Castles
* Castle of Breno, the largest castle in Val Camonica
* Castle of Gorzone, home of the
Federici Federici is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Aldo Federici (born 1920), Italian ice hockey player
* Adam Federici (born 1985), Australian footballer
* Anthony Federici (born 1940), identified as a captain in the Genovese crime ...
family, standing on a small hill next to the
Dezzo torrent
* Castle of Cimbergo, in the valley of the Re, dominates the middle Valley
* Castle of Lozio, the fortress where the
Lozio Massacre occurred
* Castle of Mù, the Federici bastion in the upper valley, of which only the foundations remain
Roman city
* Theatre and Amphitheater at
Cividate Camuno
Cividate Camuno ( Camunian: ) is an Italian '' comune'' of 2,774 inhabitants (2011), in Val Camonica, province of Brescia, in Lombardy.
Geography
The territory of Cividate Camuno is bordered by several municipalities: to the east Bienno, on the ...
* Temple of Minerva at
Breno
Mountain excursions
*
CAI
Cai or CAI may refer to:
Places
* Cai (state), a state in ancient China
* Caí River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
* Cái River, Vietnam
* Cairo International Airport (IATA airport code)
* Caithness, a historic county in Scotland (Chapman code)
...
paths in the Parco dell'Adamello
* First World War (so-called "Guerra Bianca in Adamello") trench at
Vezza d'Oglio
Vezza d'Oglio ( Camunian: ) is a '' comune'' in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy, northern Italy. It is located in the upper Camonica Valley.
Origins of the name
Legend has it that a flood destroyed the ancient town of Rosolina, on the d ...
Roman Baths
*
Boario Terme
Darfo Boario Terme ( Camunian: ) is a '' comune'' in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy, northern Italy. The name combines Darfo, the ''capoluogo'', with Boario Terme, the largest ''frazione''.
It is bounded by the communes of Angolo Terme, ...
*
Angolo Terme
Museums and theme parks
* Parco tematico ''Archeopark'',
Darfo Boario Terme
Darfo Boario Terme ( Camunian: ) is a '' comune'' in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy, northern Italy. The name combines Darfo, the ''capoluogo'', with Boario Terme, the largest '' frazione''.
It is bounded by the communes of Angolo Terme, ...
* Museo etnografico del ferro, delle arti e tradizioni popolari,
Bienno
Bienno ( Camunian: ) is an Italian '' comune'' in Val Camonica, province of Brescia, Lombardy, classed as one of the five most beautiful villages of Italy by the Council of Tourism of the Association of Italian Municipalities (ANCI).
Geography ...
* Museo Civico Camuno,
Breno
* Museo didattico di arte e vita preistorica,
Capo di Ponte
* Museo didattico della riserva,
Nadro
Nadro (Nàder in camunian dialect) is an Italian hamlet (''frazione'') of the comune of Ceto ( BS), Lombardy. It has 655 inhabitants.
It lies 75 km from Brescia
Brescia (, locally ; lmo, link=no, label= Lombard, Brèsa ; lat, Brixia; ...
* Museo archeologico di Valle Camonica,
Cividate Camuno
Cividate Camuno ( Camunian: ) is an Italian '' comune'' of 2,774 inhabitants (2011), in Val Camonica, province of Brescia, in Lombardy.
Geography
The territory of Cividate Camuno is bordered by several municipalities: to the east Bienno, on the ...
* Mostra museo Camillo Golgi,
Corteno Golgi
Corteno Golgi (; Camunian: ) is an Italian village and '' comune'' in the central Alps, in the province of Brescia, Lombardy, northern Italy. It is in the Val Camonica.
There is a museum dedicated to scientist Camillo Golgi who was born in ...
* Museo etnografico,
Ossimo
Ossimo ( Camunian: ) is a town and '' comune'' in the province of Brescia, Lombardy, northern Italy. It is part of Val Camonica, and is divided into two centers: Ossimo Superiore and Ossimo Inferiore.
It can be reached by the provincial road 5, ...
* Museo parrocchiale d'arte sacra,
Ponte di Legno
* Museo della Guerra Bianca in Adamello,
Temù
Notable sanctuaries and churches
* Chiesa di Santa Maria della Neve in
Pisogne
* Chiesa di Sant'Antonio in
Breno
* Chiesa di Santa Maria Annunziata in
Bienno
Bienno ( Camunian: ) is an Italian '' comune'' in Val Camonica, province of Brescia, Lombardy, classed as one of the five most beautiful villages of Italy by the Council of Tourism of the Association of Italian Municipalities (ANCI).
Geography ...
* Santuario del Cristo Re in
Bienno
Bienno ( Camunian: ) is an Italian '' comune'' in Val Camonica, province of Brescia, Lombardy, classed as one of the five most beautiful villages of Italy by the Council of Tourism of the Association of Italian Municipalities (ANCI).
Geography ...
* Chiesa di Santa Maria Assunta in
Esine
*
Monastero di San Salvatore in
Capo di Ponte
* Oratorio dei Disciplini in
Montecchio
* Pieve di San Siro in
Cemmo Cemmo, (camunian dialect: ''Hèm'') is a ''frazione'' of Capo di Ponte, located right of river Oglio, beneath the Concarena.
It was one of the first settlements in Val Camonica, as it can be deduced from the numerous rock drawings that have been ...
* Santuario della Via Crucis in
Cerveno (
Sacri Monti)
Winter sports
* Winter sports Centers at
Ponte di Legno,
Borno,
Montecampione
Montecampione is a ski resort in Valcamonica, Lombardy, northern Italy. Part of the communes of Artogne and Pian Camuno, it is located from Brescia and from Milan, near Lake Iseo and operates from mid December to end March.
Montecampione ...
,
Aprica
Aprica ( lmo, Abriga) is a town and '' comune'' in the province of Sondrio, Lombardy, northern Italy. It is located on the eponymous pass, the most favourable one connecting Valtellina to Val Camonica.
Its main source of income is tourism, us ...
and
Val Palot
Photo gallery
Image:Monte_Concarena_-_tramonto_(Foto_Luca_Giarelli).jpg, Concarena
Image:Panorama Valle Adamè - Saviore dell'Adamello (Foto Luca Giarelli).jpg, Valle Adamé
Image:Monte Pizzo Badile - Val Camonica.jpg, Pizzo Badile Camuno
Image:Valle Camonica da Breno.jpg, Valle Camonica from Breno to north
Image:Valcamonica da braone.jpg, Valle Camonica from Braone to south
Image:Panorama della Valle Camonica e Gruppo dell'Adamello da Gorzone - Darfo Boario Terme (Foto Luca Giarelli).jpg, Valle Camonica from Gorzone
Image:Scena_di_duello_R6_-_Foppe_-_Nadro_(Foto_Luca_Giarelli).jpg, Petroglyph
A petroglyph is an image created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, picking, carving, or abrading, as a form of rock art. Outside North America, scholars often use terms such as "carving", "engraving", or other descriptions ...
from Foppe of Nadro
Nadro (Nàder in camunian dialect) is an Italian hamlet (''frazione'') of the comune of Ceto ( BS), Lombardy. It has 655 inhabitants.
It lies 75 km from Brescia
Brescia (, locally ; lmo, link=no, label= Lombard, Brèsa ; lat, Brixia; ...
Image:Figura che corre - R 35 - Parco di Naquane - Capo di Ponte.jpg, Running Priest in Capo di Ponte
See also
*
Camunni
*
Rock Drawings in Valcamonica
The rock drawings in Valcamonica (Camonica Valley) are located in the Province of Brescia, Italy, and constitute the largest collections of prehistoric petroglyphs in the world. The collection was recognized by UNESCO in 1979 and was Italy's ...
*
Val Camonica witch trials
The Val Camonica witch trials were two large witch trials which took place in Val Camonica in Italy, in 1505–1510 and 1518–1521. They were among the biggest Italian witch trials, and caused the deaths of about 60 persons, in each trial: 110 i ...
Notes
References
External links
Itinera in Valcamonica (EN)Italian World Heritage SitesNational museum and archaeological park with Roman theatre and amphitheatreEuroPreArt, European Prehistoric Art database, 50 Valcamonica rock art records
{{Authority control
Archaeological sites in Italy
Province of Bergamo
Province of Brescia
Valleys of the Alps
Camonica
Val Camonica (also ''Valcamonica'' or Camonica Valley, Eastern Lombard: ''Al Camònega'') is one of the largest valleys of the central Alps, in eastern Lombardy, Italy. It extends about from the Tonale Pass to Corna Trentapassi, in th ...
World Heritage Sites in Italy
Biosphere reserves of Italy