UralVagonZavod (russian: ОАО «Научно-производственная корпорация «УралВагонЗавод», , Open Joint Stock Company "Research and Production Corporation Uralvagonzavod") is a Russian machine-building company located in Nizhny Tagil,

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-ei ...

. It is one of the largest scientific and industrial complexes in Russia and the largest

main battle tank A main battle tank (MBT), also known as a battle tank or universal tank, is a tank that fills the role of armor-protected direct fire and maneuver in many modern armies. Cold War-era development of more powerful engines, better suspension sys ...

manufacturer in the world. The name ''Уралвагонзавод'' means ''Ural Railroad Car (wagon) Factory''.

History

The plant was built during 1931–1936 (mostly during the second Soviet five-year plan), launched on October 11, 1936, and named after

Felix Dzerzhinsky Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky ( pl, Feliks Dzierżyński ; russian: Фе́ликс Эдму́ндович Дзержи́нский; – 20 July 1926), nicknamed "Iron Felix", was a Bolshevik revolutionary and official, born into Polish nobility ...

. Initially it manufactured freight cars. After the German invasion of 1941,

Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet Union, Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as Ge ...

ordered hundreds of factories in Ukraine and western Russia to be evacuated east. The KhPZ Factory No. 183 in

Kharkiv Kharkiv ( uk, Ха́рків, ), also known as Kharkov (russian: Харькoв, ), is the second-largest city and municipality in Ukraine.

was moved to Nizhny Tagil by rail, and merged with the Dzerzhinsky Works, to form the Stalin Ural Tank Factory No. 183. During the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposi ...

it became the largest producer of

tank A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle intended as a primary offensive weapon in front-line ground combat. Tank designs are a balance of heavy firepower, strong armour, and good battlefield mobility provided by tracks and a powerful ...

s in the world, including the

T-34 The T-34 is a Soviet medium tank introduced in 1940. When introduced its 76.2 mm (3 in) tank gun was less powerful than its contemporaries while its 60-degree sloped armour provided good protection against anti-tank weapons. The C ...

. For its services, Uralvagonzavod received several honorary awards over 1941–1945, including the

Order of the Red Banner of Labour The Order of the Red Banner of Labour (russian: Орден Трудового Красного Знамени, translit=Orden Trudovogo Krasnogo Znameni) was an order of the Soviet Union established to honour great deeds and services to th ...

(1942),

Order of the Red Banner The Order of the Red Banner (russian: Орден Красного Знамени, Orden Krasnogo Znameni) was the first Soviet military decoration. The Order was established on 16 September 1918, during the Russian Civil War by decree of th ...

(1943),

Order of Lenin The Order of Lenin (russian: Орден Ленина, Orden Lenina, ), named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration ...

(1944),

Order of the Patriotic War The Order of the Patriotic War (russian: Орден Отечественной войны, Orden Otechestvennoy voiny) is a Soviet military decoration that was awarded to all soldiers in the Soviet armed forces, security troops, and to partisan ...

(1945). After the war, tank production was scaled down, and part of the Vagonka's manufacturing and design assets were transferred back to Kharkiv's Diesel Factory No. 75 during 1945–1951. Uralvagonzavod was expanded to produce other kinds of machinery: agricultural, construction, aviation, and space, including design and production of the Vostok, Voskhod,

Proton A proton is a stable subatomic particle, symbol , H+, or 1H+ with a positive electric charge of +1 ''e'' elementary charge. Its mass is slightly less than that of a neutron and 1,836 times the mass of an electron (the proton–electron mass ...

and Energia

expendable rocket An expendable launch system (or expendable launch vehicle/ELV) is a launch vehicle that can be launched only once, after which its components are either destroyed during reentry or discarded in space. ELVs typically consist of several rocket st ...

s. It is the location of the Kartsev-Venediktov Design Bureau (OKB-520) where the T-54A and

T-55 The T-54 and T-55 tanks are a series of Soviet main battle tanks introduced in the years following the Second World War. The first T-54 prototype was completed at Nizhny Tagil by the end of 1945.Steven Zaloga, T-54 and T-55 Main Battle Tank ...

(development of Morozov's T-54),

T-62 The T-62 is a Soviet main battle tank that was first introduced in 1961. As a further development of the T-55 series, the T-62 retained many similar design elements of its predecessor including low profile and thick turret armour. In contras ...

T-72 The T-72 is a family of Soviet/Russian main battle tanks that entered production in 1969. The T-72 was a development of the T-64, which was troubled by high costs and its reliance on immature developmental technology. About 25,000 T-72 tanks h ...

, and

T-90 The T-90 is a third-generation Russian main battle tank. It uses a 125mm 2A46 smoothbore main gun, the 1A45T fire-control system, an upgraded engine, and gunner's thermal sight. Standard protective measures include a blend of steel and comp ...

tanks have been designed, and was working on one possibility for a next-generation main battle tank, rumored to be called the T-95, until this project was cancelled in May 2010. It also manufactures Russia's newest main battle tank, the T-14 Armata. On July 16, 2014, the

Obama administration Barack Obama's tenure as the 44th president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 2009, and ended on January 20, 2017. A Democrat from Illinois, Obama took office following a decisive victory over Republican ...

imposed sanctions through the US Department of Treasury's

Office of Foreign Assets Control The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) is a financial intelligence and enforcement agency of the U.S. Treasury Department. It administers and enforces economic and trade sanctions in support of U.S. national security and foreign policy o ...

(OFAC) by adding Uralvagonzavod and other entities to the Specially Designated Nationals List (SDN) in retaliation for the ongoing annexation of the Crimean Peninsula by the Russian Federation and the Russian interference in Ukraine. As of December 27, 2016, UVZ has been transferred to

Rostec Rostec ( rus, Ростех, p=, r=Rostekh), officially the State Corporation for Assistance to Development, Production and Export of Advanced Technology Industrial Product Rostec (russian: Государственная корпорация по � ...

, following a presidential decree.

Operations

The company's main products include railway cars, tanks, road-building vehicles, agricultural vehicles such as the RT-M-160, metallurgical products, tools and consumer goods. Production of

main battle tanks accounts for 18–20% of the company's overall production. In 2008, Uralvagozavod produced about 175 tanks, including 62 T-90As for the Russian Ministry of Defense and 60 T-90Ss for

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area, the List of countries and dependencies by population, second-most populous ...

. This represents the highest level of tank production at UralVagonZavod and in Russia as a whole since 1993. Moreover, according to Moscow Defense Brief, it would appear that in 2008 the number of tanks produced by the company was greater than the number of main battle tanks produced by all the other countries of the world taken together. Railway cars and other civilian production amounted to two-thirds of the company's overall output in 2008. In 2011, the company's revenue was $3 billion, and net profit was $0.33 billion.

Subsidiaries

Structure of the holding: * UralTransMash, Ekaterinburg * Plant №9, Ekaterinburg * Kamensk-Uralsky Foundry, Kamensk-Uralsky * Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant-URALTRAK, Chelyabinsk * NPO Electromashina, Chelyabinsk * Uralkriomash, Nizhny Tagil * VNIITransmash, St. Petersburg *

Burevestnik Central Scientific Research Institute JSC CRI Central Scientific Research Institute Burevestnik (russian: Центральный научно-исследовательский институт «Буревестник») is a Russian arms industry company based in Nizhniy Novgorod, Ru ...

, Nizhny Novgorod * Central Research Institute of Materials, St. Petersburg * Research Institute of Engines, Moscow * Tomsk Electrotechnical Plant, Tomsk * Tver Wagon Works, Tver * Ural Scientific Research Technological Institute, Ekaterinburg * Scientific and Production Company for the Introduction of Scientific and Engineering and Technical Innovations, Leningrad Oblast *

Ural Design Bureau of Transport Engineering Ural may refer to: * Ural (region), in Russia and Kazakhstan * Ural Mountains, in Russia and Kazakhstan *Ural (river), in Russia and Kazakhstan *Ual (tool), a mortar tool used by the Bodo people of India * Ural Federal District, in Russia * Ural e ...

, Nizhny Tagil *

Omsktransmash Omsktransmash (russian: Омский завод транспортного машиностроения, , Omsk transport machine factory) is a wholly state-owned engineering company based in the city of Omsk, Russia. The company was best known in ...

, Omsk * Spetsmash, St. Petersburg * Murom Special Design Bureau, Murom * UBT-Uralvagonzavod, Nizhny Tagil * UVZ-Logistic, Moscow * Machine Building Company Vityaz, Ishimbay * UralVagonZavod-Trans, Moscow * Yurga Machine-Building Plant, Yurga * North-West Scientific and Technological Complex, St. Petersburg * UVZ-Media Service, Nizhny Tagil * UVZ-Energo, Nizhny Tagil * UBT-Ecology, Nizhny Tagil *

Ural Design Bureau of Carriage Building Ural may refer to: * Ural (region), in Russia and Kazakhstan * Ural Mountains, in Russia and Kazakhstan *Ural (river), in Russia and Kazakhstan *Ual (tool), a mortar tool used by the Bodo people of India * Ural Federal District, in Russia * Ural e ...

, Nizhny Tagil * 560 Armored Repair Plant, Belogorsky District, Amur Oblast * 144 Armored Repair Plant, Ekaterinburg * 103 Armored Repair Plant, Transbaikal Krai * 163 Armored Repair Plant, Krasnodar Krai * 81 Armored Repair Plant, Krasnodar Krai * 192 Central Plant of Railway Engineering, Bryansk * 61 Armored Repair Plant, St. Petersburg * 41 Central Plant of Railway Engineering, Moscow Oblast * JSC Central Research Institute Petrel

References

Literature

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External links

* * {{Authority control Defence companies of Russia Defence companies of the Soviet Union Military vehicle manufacturers Manufacturing companies established in 1936 1936 establishments in the Soviet Union Companies based in Sverdlovsk Oblast Companies formerly listed on the Moscow Exchange Nizhny Tagil Rostec Ministry of the Defense Industry (Soviet Union) Russian entities subject to the U.S. Department of the Treasury sanctions