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The Upper Carniolan dialect group (''gorenjska narečna skupina''Smole, Vera. 1998. "Slovenska narečja." ''Enciklopedija Slovenije'' vol. 12, pp. 1–5. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, p. 2.) is a group of closely related dialects of Slovene. The Upper Carniolan dialects are spoken in most of
Upper Carniola Upper Carniola ( sl, Gorenjska; it, Alta Carniola; german: Oberkrain) is a traditional region of Slovenia, the northern mountainous part of the larger Carniola region. The centre of the region is Kranj, while other urban centers include Jeseni ...
and in
Ljubljana Ljubljana (also known by other Ljubljana#Name, historical names) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Slovenia. It is the country's cultural, educational, economic, political and administrative center. During antiquity, a Roman city ...
.


Phonological and morphological characteristics

Among other features, this group is characterized by monophthongal stressed vowels, an acute semivowel,
pitch accent A pitch-accent language, when spoken, has word accents in which one syllable in a word or morpheme is more prominent than the others, but the accentuated syllable is indicated by a contrasting pitch ( linguistic tone) rather than by loudness ( ...
, standard circumflex shift, and two accentual retractions with some exceptions. It features narrowing of ''o'' and ''e'' in preaccentual position, akanye (reduction of ''o'' to ''a'') in postaccentual position, and strong syncope. There is a partial development of ''g'' to , preservation of bilabial ''w'', and general hardening of soft ''l'' and ''n''.


Individual dialects and subdialects

*
Upper Carniolan dialect This article uses Logar transcription. The Upper Carniolan dialect ( , ) is a major Slovene dialect, known for extensive syncope, monophthongization of diphthongs, and loss of neuter gender. It is spoken in most (but not all) of Upper Carnio ...
(''gorenjsko narečje'', ''gorenjščina'') **
Eastern Upper Carniolan subdialect The Eastern Upper Carniolan subdialect (''vzhodnogorenjski govor'', ''vzhodna gorenjščina'',Logar, Tine. 1996. ''Dialektološke in jezikovnozgodovinske razprave''. Ljubljana: SAZU, p. 45. ''vzhodnogorenjsko podnarečje'') is a Slovene subdialect ...
(''vzhodnogorenjski govor'', ''vzhodna gorenjščina'') *
Selca dialect The Selca dialect (''selško narečje'', ''selščina'') is a Slovene dialect in the Upper Carniolan dialect group. It is spoken in the Selca Sora Valley, north of a line from Porezen to Mount Lubnik (1025 m), and south of a line running west of ...
(''selško narečje'', ''selščina''Priestly, Tom S. 1984. "O popolni izgubi srednjega spola v selščini: enodobni opis," ''Slavistišna revija'' 32: 37-47.)


References

Slovene dialects Upper Carniola {{Slavic-lang-stub