Usollag, full name: Usolye Corrective Labor Camp () was a
Gulag
The Gulag was a system of Labor camp, forced labor camps in the Soviet Union. The word ''Gulag'' originally referred only to the division of the Chronology of Soviet secret police agencies, Soviet secret police that was in charge of runnin ...
forced labor camp established on February 5, 1938 and functioned after the dissolution of Gulag, until 1960. It was headquartered in
Solikamsk
Solikamsk (, , also Соликамскӧй, ''Sovkamsköy'') is a town in Perm Krai, Russia. Modern Solikamsk is the third-largest town in the krai, with a population of
History
The earliest surviving recorded mention of Solikamsk, initially a ...
, now in
Perm Krai
Perm Krai (, ; ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (a Krais of Russia, krai), located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is Perm, Russia, Perm. The population of the krai was 2,532,405 (2021 Russian census, 2021 ...
, Russia, and it had numerous " lagpunkts" (individual camp locations) in the northern parts of the then Molotov Oblast. Its main occupation was
logging
Logging is the process of cutting, processing, and moving trees to a location for transport. It may include skidder, skidding, on-site processing, and loading of trees or trunk (botany), logs onto logging truck, trucksУСОЛЬСКИЙ ИТЛ(Усольлаг) /ref> based on the book ''GEDENKBUCH: Книга Памяти немцев-трудармейцев Усольлага НКВД/МВД СССР (1942-1947 гг.)'' Its reported peak occupancy was 37,000 inmates on January 1, 1942.
Its name is related to old name Usolye Kamskoye of Solikamsk and is not to be confused with ИТЛ Усольгидролес (Usolgidroles ITL) sometimes referred to as Usolye Corrective Labor Camp as well, but it was headquartered at the town of Usolye. Its name meaning:''gidro-''=hydro- standing for + 'les' standing for "лесозаготовки", i.e., "logging", i.e. logging for
Stalingrad
Volgograd,. geographical renaming, formerly Tsaritsyn. (1589–1925) and Stalingrad. (1925–1961), is the largest city and the administrative centre of Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The city lies on the western bank of the Volga, covering an area o ...
Volga Germans
The Volga Germans (, ; ) are ethnic Germans who settled and historically lived along the Volga River in the region of southeastern European Russia around Saratov and close to Ukraine nearer to the south.
Recruited as immigrants to Russia in the ...
.
In 1941 the subcamp at the settlement of Surmog received a considerable number of inmates deported from the Baltic states incorporated into the Soviet Union.
Usollag administered several dozens of subcamps, called '' lagpunkts'' ("camp points"). Most of them housed about 100 inmates each doing logging. The only penal settlements of Sim and Surmog survived, which were converted into corrective labor colonies. Other settlements with disappeared subcamps of Usollag include Сом, Талая, Усть-Талка, Цыбин Родник; Шомыш, Цветково, Ржавец, Талица, Красный Яр, Vilva, Мысья, Родники.''Собеседник плюс'' no.02, 2013. Special, issue: "100 мест, которые стоит посетить в России" p. 21, "Глухая Вильва" (" Glukhaya Vilva")
In 2013 the 75th anniversary of the establishment of Usollag was celebrated by the veterans of Perm division of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, including an official announcement and a festive concert.Konstantin Bakharev "Празднование юбилея Усольского ИТЛ стало причиной противоречий" ''
Rossiyskaya Gazeta
' () is a Russian newspaper published by the Government of Russia.
History
''Rossiyskaya Gazeta'' was founded in 1990 by the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR during the ''glasnost'' reforms in Soviet Union, shortl ...
Nikolai Reek
Nikolai Reek VR I/2, VR II/2, VR II/3 (born Nikolai Bazykov; in Tallinn, Governorate of Estonia – 8 May 1942 Ussollag, Perm Oblast, Soviet Union) was the Estonian military commander during the Estonian War of Independence.
In 1910, he g ...
(1890-1942) - Military commander
* Aleksander Rei (1900–1943) - Politician
* Jaan Soots (1880-1942) - Military commander and politician
* Järvo Tandre (1899-1943) - Politician
* Artur Toom (1884-1942) - Ornithologist and conservationist
* Artur Tupits (1892-1941) - Politician
* Richard Veermaa (1901-1942) - Politician
* Mathias Westerblom (1888-1942) - Politician
Latvians
*Ludvigs Adamovičs (1884-1943) - Lutheran pastor, Minister of Education of the Republic of Latvia
* Emīlija Benjamiņa (1881-1941) - Businesswoman and publisher
*
Krišjānis Berķis
Krišjānis Berķis (April 26, 1884, in Īslīce parish, Bauska municipality, Courland, modern Latvia – July 29, 1942, in Perm, Russia) was a Latvian general. Rising to prominence as an officer of the Latvian Riflemen in World War I, he was ...
(1884-1942) - General, Minister of War
*Rihards Bērziņš (1888-1942) - Social activist, man of letters, founder of the first Latvian news agency
LETA
LETA is the main Latvian news agency. Its headquarters are in Riga. It is owned by Estonian entrepreneur Margus Linnamäe through his company Postimees Group.
History
It was founded as ''Latopress'' in 1919, soon after Latvia became indepe ...
* Alfrēds Birznieks (1889-1942) - Politician and lawyer
* Andrejs Veckalns (1879-1942) - Politician
*Mārtiņš Jeske (1883-1941) - General and state official
*Jēkabs Grots (1888-1942) - Judge, member of the Supreme Court ("Senate") of Latvia
*Jānis Kaminskis (1878-1942) - Civil engineer and statesman
*Vilhelms Ķuze (1875-1941) - Teacher and businessman
*
Frīdrihs Vesmanis
Frīdrihs Vesmanis (April 15, 1875 – December 7, 1941) was a Latvian lawyer and politician for the LSDWP and the first Speaker of the Saeima.
Early life
Vesmanis was born on April 15, 1875, in Rundāle Parish to Kārļa Vesmaņa and Elizab ...
(1875-1941) - Lawyer and politician
*Alfrēds Valeika (1889-1941) - Aviator
Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)
The Ukrainian Orthodox Church (UOC), commonly referred to by the exonym Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate (UOC-MP), is an Eastern Orthodox church in Ukraine.
The Ukrainian Orthodox Church was officially formed in 1990 in pla ...
saint, canonized in 1995
* Lev Razgon (1908-1999) - Soviet writer and human rights activist
* Heinrich Alexander Stoll - German writer
* Mikhail Tanich (1923-2008) - Russian song lyrics writer
*Philipp Tolziner (1906-1996) - German and Soviet architect