Unified Hangul Code (UHC), or Extended Wansung, also known under

Microsoft Windows Windows is a Product lining, product line of Proprietary software, proprietary graphical user interface, graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Microsoft. It is grouped into families and subfamilies that cater to particular sec ...

as Code Page 949 (Windows-949, MS949 or ambiguously CP949), is the Microsoft Windows code page for the

Korean language Korean is the first language, native language for about 81 million people, mostly of Koreans, Korean descent. It is the national language of both South Korea and North Korea. In the south, the language is known as () and in the north, it is kn ...

. It is an extension of Wansung Code ( KS C 5601:1987, encoded as

EUC-KR Extended Unix Code (EUC) is a multibyte character encoding system used primarily for Japanese language, Japanese, Korean language, Korean, and simplified Chinese characters, simplified Chinese (characters). The most commonly used EUC codes are va ...

) to include all 11172 non-partial

Hangul The Korean alphabet is the modern writing system for the Korean language. In North Korea, the alphabet is known as (), and in South Korea, it is known as (). The letters for the five basic consonants reflect the shape of the speech organs ...

syllables present in Johab (KS C 5601:1992 annex 3). This corresponds to the pre-composed syllables available in

Unicode Unicode or ''The Unicode Standard'' or TUS is a character encoding standard maintained by the Unicode Consortium designed to support the use of text in all of the world's writing systems that can be digitized. Version 16.0 defines 154,998 Char ...

2.0 and later. Wansung Code has the drawback that it only assigns codes for the 2350 precomposed Hangul syllables which have their own KS X 1001 (KS C 5601) codepoints (out of 11172 in total, not counting those using obsolete jamo), and requires others to use eight-byte composition sequences, which are not supported by some partial implementations of the standard. UHC resolves this by assigning single codes for all possible syllables constructed using modern jamo, by making assignments outside of the encoding space used for KS X 1001. The lead byte range is extended to 0x81–FE, and the trail byte range is extended to 0x41–5A, 0x61–7A and 0x81–FE (in EUC-KR, both ranges are 0xA1–FE). The codes outside the EUC-KR ranges are used for the additional hangul. If considered separately, both the EUC-KR Hangul block and the UHC extended Hangul section are in Unicode order.

Terminology

Unified Hangul Code is not registered with IANA as a standard to communicate information over the Internet. Alternatives include

UTF-8 UTF-8 is a character encoding standard used for electronic communication. Defined by the Unicode Standard, the name is derived from ''Unicode Transformation Format 8-bit''. Almost every webpage is transmitted as UTF-8. UTF-8 supports all 1,112,0 ...

. However, the W3C/

WHATWG The Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG) is a community of people interested in evolving HTML and related technologies. The WHATWG was founded by individuals from Apple Inc., the Mozilla Foundation and Opera Software, ...

Encoding Standard used by

HTML5 HTML5 (Hypertext Markup Language 5) is a markup language used for structuring and presenting hypertext documents on the World Wide Web. It was the fifth and final major HTML version that is now a retired World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommend ...

incorporates the Unified Hangul Code extensions into its definition of "EUC-KR". Microsoft assigns Windows-949 the label "ks_c_5601-1987", which properly applies to KS X 1001 itself ( KS C 5601 being the original name of KS X 1001). The WHATWG treat the label "ks_c_5601-1987" interchangeably with "EUC-KR" with the intent of being "compatible with deployed content". The Unicode Consortium's "OBSOLETE/EASTASIA" collection of withdrawn mappings included mappings for Unified Hangul Code as "KSC5601.TXT", with the automatically derived mappings for 7-bit KS X 1001 being included as "KSX1001.TXT". IBM's code page 949 is another, otherwise unrelated, extension of EUC-KR.

International Components for Unicode International Components for Unicode (ICU) is an open-source project of mature C/ C++ and Java libraries for Unicode support, software internationalization, and software globalization. ICU is widely portable to many operating systems and envir ...

(ICU) uses "cp949", "949" or "ibm-949" to refer to that IBM code page, and "ms949" or "windows-949" (or several variants of "ks_c_5601-1987") to refer to the Windows mapping of UHC. Python, by contrast, recognises "cp949", "949", "ms949" and "uhc" as labels for UHC, and does not include an IBM-949 codec. Out of the labels incorporating the code page number, the WHATWG recognise only "windows-949". IBM's code page for Unified Hangul Code is called Code page 1363 (IBM-1363), or "Korean MS-Win". It is a combination of SBCS Code page 1126 and DBCS Code page 1362. It differs in having a single byte mapping of 0x5C to the Won sign (U+20A9); Windows maps 0x5C to U+005C (the Unicode code point for the backslash) as in ASCII, although fonts often still render it as a Won sign. Unicode mapping of the wave dash (0xA1AD) also differs, with the IBM mapping favouring U+301C, while the Microsoft mapping favours U+223C (Tilde Operator). The IBM mapping for UHC is available as "ibm-1363" in ICU, whereas the ICU "windows-949" codec is referred to as IBM-1261 in some ICU source code comments.See, for reference
ucnv_lmb.cpp
(Brendan Murray, Jim Snyder-Grant), where the lead byte 0x11 is commented as referring to "Korean: ibm-1261" after the definition of ULMBCS_GRP_KO, but it is mapped to the "windows-949" ICU codec in the OptGroupByteToCPName array later in the file.

Single byte codes

Following is the single-byte portion of the code page as defined by IBM. Similarly to Code page 437, the control code bytes may be used as control codes or graphical codes depending on context—the graphical codes are shown below. Microsoft uses ASCII mappings for all ASCII bytes, although the backslash may still be rendered as a won sign.

Footnotes

References

External links

Microsoft's Reference for Windows-949Mapping of Windows-949 to Unicode
*International Components for Unicode (ICU) mapping files
ibm-1363_P110-1997.ucmibm-1363_P11B-1998.ucm
an
windows-949-2000.ucmICU demonstration for Windows-949 (with ASCII mappings)ICU demonstration for IBM-1363 (with 0x5C as Won sign)
in WHATWG Encoding Standard {{Hangul Jamo 949 Encodings of Asian languages Korean-language computing Hangul