The Upper Lusatian house () or ''Umgebindehaus'' is a special type of house that combines log house, timber-framing and building stone methods of construction. It is especially common in the region running from

Silesia Silesia (see names #Etymology, below) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Silesia, Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at 8, ...

through

Upper Lusatia Upper Lusatia (, ; , ; ; or ''Milsko''; ) is a historical region in Germany and Poland. Along with Lower Lusatia to the north, it makes up the region of Lusatia, named after the Polabian Slavs, Slavic ''Lusici'' tribe. Both parts of Lusatia a ...

and North Bohemia and into Saxon Switzerland, as well as East Thuringia.

Characteristics

The Upper Lusatian house is defined by the constructional separation of its living area from the roof, or its living area from the upper story and roof. The main characteristic of the normal type is "a wooden support system, which runs around the living area of the house made of logs or boards, which has the job of freeing the frame of the living area from the weight of the roof (in single-storey houses) or the roof and upper storey (in two-storey houses)."Delitz 1987, p. 12 Upper Lusatian houses are transversely divided Middle German houses or ''Ernhäuser''. The hallway runs transversely across the house and separates the ground floor into living and working areas. The living area or ''Blockstube'' is usually located at the eastern or southern gable end in order to protect it from damp. The working area, of solid construction (usually rubble stone) is located opposite the ''Blockstube''. This is where the animal stalls or stables, store rooms and barn are housed. A building in which the solid section is replaced by another ''Blockstube'' is known as a ''Doppelstubenhaus'' ("double living area house"). Above the ''Blockstube'' (''Handweberstube'') the upper storey or roof rests on wooden posts that are stabilised by triangulation with jetty brackets (''Knagge'') or braces (''Kopfverbund''). It is thus independent of the carrying elements below it and may be freely worked on. The upper storey is usually of timber framed construction. By contrast, especially in North Bohemia, the upper storey is made of log cabin construction.

Emergence of the construction method

The log cabin had proved its worth among the Slavic population (see also Schrotholzhäuser) in the regional climates. The German settlers, mainly from Franconia and Thuringia, who settled here in the 13th century, brought with them the timber frame, already known to the Germanic tribes, as a wood-saving, stable construction method: it also made it possible to erect multi-story buildings. However, it was difficult to unite the two construction methods, since the loss of length of wood with the grain is much less. Therefore, for centuries, village craftsmen developed the Umgebinde as their own folk construction method. At the end of the 18th century, the typical Umgebinde arch, which gives the houses their name, was created. This combined functionality and durability with beauty.

Gallery

File:Umgebindehaus Ebersbach LC0001.jpg, Umgebindehaus in Ebersbach/Sa. File:Taubenheim2.jpg, ''Umgebindehaus'' in Taubenheim File:Umgebindehaus in Sohland an der Spree.jpg, ''Umgebindehaus'' in Sohland File:Schirgiswalde Umgebindehaus mit Fachwerk.jpg, Former mill in Schirgiswalde File:Umgebindehaus in Oybin 2.JPG, ''Umgebindehaus'' in Oybin

References

Bibliography

*Manfred Hammer: ''Bauernhäuser, Bauernhöfe, Dörfer. Historisch wertvolle Gebäude und Dorfanlagen im Kreis Löbau-Zittau.'' Verein Ländliche Bauwerte in Sachsen e.V., Dresden 2009 *Jürgen Cieslak (Hrsg.): ''Umgebinde : eine einzigartige Bauweise im Dreiländereck Deutschland - Polen - Tschechien.'' Sächsischer Verein für Volksbauweise e.V., Langewiesche, Königstein i. Ts. 2007, *Karl Bernert: ''Umgebindehäuser.'' VEB Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin 1988, *Frank Delitz: ''Umgebinde im Überblick : Zu Fragen der Geschichte, Verbreitung und landschaftlichen Ausprägung einer Volksbauweise.'' Graph. Werk. Zittau, Zittau 1987 *Karl Bernert, Jürgen Cieslak: ''Wir wohnen in einem Umgebindehaus : Arbeitsmaterial zur Erhaltung u. sachgemäßen Pflege d. Umgebindebauweise in d. Oberlausitz.'' Ges. für Denkmalpflege im Kulturbund d. DDR, Dresden 1982

External links

www.umgebindeland.de

www.fachring-umgebindehaus.eu

www.stiftung-umgebindehaus.de

* ttp://gaczkowska.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/masters-work_english.pdf Agnieszka Gaczkowska, Traditional Upper Lusatian Umgebinde House: Modern Reinterpretation. A detailed paper in English.* Jack Breen
The Umgebinde Variations: A case-based study of formal typologies and systematic compositional variety.
Form & Media Studies department, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology. {{Authority control Houses in Germany Wooden houses Vernacular architecture Architecture in Germany House styles Farmhouses Houses in the Czech Republic Log houses Timber framing