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Tønsberg , historically Tunsberg, is a city and
municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the ...
in
Vestfold og Telemark Vestfold og Telemark (; ) is a county under disestablishment in Norway. The county is the southernmost one of Eastern Norway and consists of two distinct and separate traditional regions: the former counties of Telemark and (most of) Vestfol ...
county A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposes Chambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French ...
, eastern
Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of ...
, located around south-southwest of
Oslo Oslo ( , , or ; sma, Oslove) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population of ...
on the western coast of the
Oslofjord The Oslofjord (, ; en, Oslo Fjord) is an inlet in the south-east of Norway, stretching from an imaginary line between the and lighthouses and down to in the south to Oslo in the north. It is part of the Skagerrak strait, connecting the N ...
near its mouth onto the Skagerrak. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Tønsberg. The city is the most populous
metropolis A metropolis () is a large city or conurbation which is a significant economic, political, and cultural center for a country or region, and an important hub for regional or international connections, commerce, and communications. A big c ...
in the district of
Vestfold Vestfold is a traditional region, a former county and a current electoral district in Eastern Norway. In 2020 the county became part of the much larger county of Vestfold og Telemark. Located on the western shore of the Oslofjord, it bordered ...
with a population of 52,419 in 2019. The municipality has a population of 56,293 and covers an area of in 2020. Tønsberg also serves as the seat for the County Governor of Vestfold og Telemark. Tønsberg is generally regarded as the oldest city in Norway, founded by
Viking Vikings ; non, víkingr is the modern name given to seafaring people originally from Scandinavia (present-day Denmark, Norway and Sweden), who from the late 8th to the late 11th centuries raided, pirated, traded and se ...
s in the 9th century. Tønsberg was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see
formannskapsdistrikt () is the name for Norwegian local self-government districts that were legally enacted on 1 January 1838. This system of municipalities was created in a bill approved by the Parliament of Norway and signed into law by King Carl Johan on 14 Janu ...
). The rural municipality of Sem was merged into the municipality of Tønsberg on 1 January 1988. The neighboring municipality of Re was merged into Tønsberg on 1 January 2020. It is home to Tønsberg Fortress on Castle Mountain, which includes ruins from ''Castrum Tunsbergis'', Norway's largest castle in the 13th century. An outdoor music festival is held at Tønsberg Fortress every July. Tønsberg is also home of Oseberg Mound, where the 9th-century '' Oseberg Ship'' was excavated.


General information


Name

The
Old Norse Old Norse, Old Nordic, or Old Scandinavian, is a stage of development of North Germanic dialects before their final divergence into separate Nordic languages. Old Norse was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and their overseas settlement ...
form of the name was ''Túnsberg''. The first element is the
genitive case In grammar, the genitive case ( abbreviated ) is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun—thus indicating an attributive relationship of one noun to the other noun. A genitive can a ...
of ''tún'' ( n), meaning ''fenced area'' or ''garden''. The last element is ''berg'' (n), meaning ''mountain''. The name originally referred to the fortifications on Slottsfjellet. The old spelling has been retained in the name of the
diocese In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop. History In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associ ...
, Tunsberg bispedømme.


Coat of arms

The
coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the full heraldic achievement, which in its ...
is an old city seal from as far back as 1349. The seal shows Tønsberg Fortress surrounded by a ring wall on a mountain with the sea in front. There is also a
longship Longships were a type of specialised Scandinavian warships that have a long history in Scandinavia, with their existence being archaeologically proven and documented from at least the fourth century BC. Originally invented and used by the Nor ...
in the water in front of the fortress. Around the seal are the words (in Latin): This is the seal of Tunsberg.


History


Viking age

Tønsberg is the oldest city in Norway, founded by
Harald Fairhair Harald Fairhair no, Harald hårfagre Modern Icelandic: ( – ) was a Norwegian king. According to traditions current in Norway and Iceland in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, he reigned from  872 to 930 and was the first King of No ...
in the 9th century. It was also an ancient capital of Norway. The first time the town was mentioned by a contemporary writer was in 1130. According to
Snorri Sturluson Snorri Sturluson ( ; ; 1179 – 22 September 1241) was an Icelandic historian, poet, and politician. He was elected twice as lawspeaker of the Icelandic parliament, the Althing. He is commonly thought to have authored or compiled portions of th ...
, Tønsberg was founded before the Battle of Hafrsfjord, which, according to Snorri, took place in 871. What year the battle took place is disputed, however, and most current historians believe the battle took place closer to 900. However, if the battle did in fact take place in 871, this would make Tønsberg one of the oldest present
Scandinavia Scandinavia; Sámi languages: /. ( ) is a subregion in Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples. In English usage, ''Scandinavia'' most commonly refers to Denmark, Norway, and S ...
n cities. It was based upon this that the city's 1000 years jubilee was celebrated in 1871, and 1100 years jubilee in 1971. The archaeological excavations conducted in 1987–88 underneath the monastery ruins revealed several Viking graves which have served to confirm the earlier age of the original settlement. The king or his ombudsman resided in the old Royal Court at ''Sæheimr'', today the Jarlsberg Manor (''Jarlsberg Hovedgård''), and on the farm Haugar, (from the
Old Norse Old Norse, Old Nordic, or Old Scandinavian, is a stage of development of North Germanic dialects before their final divergence into separate Nordic languages. Old Norse was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and their overseas settlement ...
word ''haugr'' meaning hill or burial mound), which can be assumed to have been Tønsberg's birthplace. Haugar became the seat for the Haugating, the Thing for Vestfold and Norway's second most important place for the proclamation of kings. The site had probably been named after two
Viking Era The Viking Age () was the period during the Middle Ages when Norsemen known as Vikings undertook large-scale raiding, colonizing, conquest, and trading throughout Europe and reached North America. It followed the Migration Period and the ...
mounds, which tradition links to two sons of King Harald I, Olaf Haraldsson Geirstadalf, who was king in
Vestfold og Telemark Vestfold og Telemark (; ) is a county under disestablishment in Norway. The county is the southernmost one of Eastern Norway and consists of two distinct and separate traditional regions: the former counties of Telemark and (most of) Vestfol ...
, and his half-brother, Sigrød Haraldsson, king of
Trondheim Trondheim ( , , ; sma, Tråante), historically Kaupangen, Nidaros and Trondhjem (), is a city and municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. As of 2020, it had a population of 205,332, was the third most populous municipality in Norway, an ...
. Both are presumed to have fallen in battle at Haugar against their half-brother Eric Bloodaxe and to have been buried on the same spot. Slottsfjellet (''Castle Mountain''), north of the city centre, made for a near impregnable natural fortress. During the
civil war era The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and t ...
of the 12th century, it was fortified by the
Bagler The Bagli Party or Bagler (Old Norse: ''Baglarr'', Norwegian Bokmål: ''Bagler'', Norwegian Nynorsk: ''Baglar'') was a faction or party during the Norwegian Civil Wars. The Bagler faction was made up principally of the Norwegian aristocracy, cler ...
s. The Birkebeiners besieged it for 20 weeks in the winter of 1201 before the
Bagler The Bagli Party or Bagler (Old Norse: ''Baglarr'', Norwegian Bokmål: ''Bagler'', Norwegian Nynorsk: ''Baglar'') was a faction or party during the Norwegian Civil Wars. The Bagler faction was made up principally of the Norwegian aristocracy, cler ...
s surrendered. In the 13th century, King Haakon Haakonson set up a castle in Tønsberg, Tønsberg Fortress. The town was destroyed by fire in 1536, but Tønsberg remained one of the most important harbour towns in Norway.
James VI of Scotland James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until ...
stopped in Tønsberg on his way to meet
Anne of Denmark Anne of Denmark (; 12 December 1574 – 2 March 1619) was the wife of King James VI and I; as such, she was Queen of Scotland from their marriage on 20 August 1589 and Queen of England and Ireland from the union of the Scottish and Eng ...
in Oslo, and David Lindsay gave a sermon on 16 November 1589. The event was recorded by a painted inscription in the church, which survives in the museum.


Whaling epoch

The center of the world's modern whaling industry was concentrated in Tønsberg and neighboring
Sandefjord Sandefjord () is a city and the most populous municipality in Vestfold og Telemark county, Norway. The municipality of Sandefjord was established on 1 January 1838. The municipality of Sandar was merged into Sandefjord on 1 January 1969. On 1 ...
. Tønsberg along with neighboring Sandefjord and
Larvik Larvik () is a town and municipality in Vestfold in Vestfold og Telemark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Larvik. The municipality of Larvik has about 46,364 inhabitants. The municipality has a 110  ...
were dominant whaling towns in Norway. While whalers from Sandefjord established the first whaling station in the
Faroe Islands The Faroe Islands ( ), or simply the Faroes ( fo, Føroyar ; da, Færøerne ), are a North Atlantic island group and an autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark. They are located north-northwest of Scotland, and about halfway bet ...
, whalers from Tønsberg initiated whaling in
Iceland Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its ...
and the
Hebrides The Hebrides (; gd, Innse Gall, ; non, Suðreyjar, "southern isles") are an archipelago off the west coast of the Scottish mainland. The islands fall into two main groups, based on their proximity to the mainland: the Inner and Outer Hebri ...
. During the 1850s, Tønsberg turned into a base of operation and source of expertise for whalers in the
Arctic The Arctic ( or ) is a polar regions of Earth, polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), Danish Realm (Greenla ...
- and Antarctic Oceans. Tønsberg has been called “the cradle of modern whaling. In the 1892 publication “Handbook for Travellers in Norway” by '' John Murray'', Tønsberg is described as “the centre of the Norwegian whaling and sealing industries in the Arctic Ocean.” The first whaling ventures to
Antarctica Antarctica () is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean, it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest cont ...
was led by engineer Henrik Henriksen of Tønsberg. Henrik Johan Bull was another noted whaler from the district, known for his expeditions to Antarctica. Bull traveled from
Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. With an area of , Australia is the largest country by ...
to Tønsberg in order to learn from local whaler
Svend Foyn Svend Foyn (July 9, 1809 – November 30, 1894) was a Norwegian whaling, shipping magnate and philanthropist. He pioneered revolutionary methods for hunting and processing whales. Svend Foyn introduced the modern harpoon cannon and brough ...
, who is recognized as the pioneer of the modern whaling industry. One of the city's most prominent residents,
Svend Foyn Svend Foyn (July 9, 1809 – November 30, 1894) was a Norwegian whaling, shipping magnate and philanthropist. He pioneered revolutionary methods for hunting and processing whales. Svend Foyn introduced the modern harpoon cannon and brough ...
, was a pioneer who embarked on an 1847 expedition to the
Arctic The Arctic ( or ) is a polar regions of Earth, polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), Danish Realm (Greenla ...
, which led to a catch of 6,000 seals. Soon Tønsberg Harbor was home to a large fleet of sealing vessels, and the sealing industry grew further after the 1849 repeal of Britain's Navigation Acts. The hunters turned the seals to near extinction in the
Arctic Ocean The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceans. It spans an area of approximately and is known as the coldest of all the oceans. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, a ...
, and therefore turned to
Bottle-nosed whale ''Hyperoodon'' (or ''Hyperoödon'') is a genus of beaked whale, containing just two species: the Northern and Southern bottlenose whales. While not in the genus ''Hyperoodon'', Longman's beaked whales are alternatively called tropical bottle ...
s during the 1870s. Norway maintained a
monopoly A monopoly (from Greek language, Greek el, μόνος, mónos, single, alone, label=none and el, πωλεῖν, pōleîn, to sell, label=none), as described by Irving Fisher, is a market with the "absence of competition", creating a situati ...
on European whaling until 1883, first and foremost due to Svend Foyn's patent rights to whaling techniques and inventions. Over-hunting in the Arctic eventually drove the whalers to Antarctica. By the beginning of the 20th century, Tønsberg had lost its preeminence in the whaling industry to the neighboring city of
Sandefjord Sandefjord () is a city and the most populous municipality in Vestfold og Telemark county, Norway. The municipality of Sandefjord was established on 1 January 1838. The municipality of Sandar was merged into Sandefjord on 1 January 1969. On 1 ...
. Sandefjord, which lies just south of Tønsberg, later became known as the world's whaling capital.


World War II

During the
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...
occupation of Norway The occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War began on 9 April 1940 after Operation Weserübung. Conventional armed resistance to the German invasion ended on 10 June 1940, and Nazi Germany controlled Norway until th ...
in
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
, the Berg concentration camp was constructed near Tønsberg. In 1948, Tønsberg became the cathedral city of the Diocese of Tunsberg (''Tunsberg bispedømme''), created when the counties of Buskerud and
Vestfold og Telemark Vestfold og Telemark (; ) is a county under disestablishment in Norway. The county is the southernmost one of Eastern Norway and consists of two distinct and separate traditional regions: the former counties of Telemark and (most of) Vestfol ...
were separated from the
Diocese of Oslo Oslo bishopric is the Church of Norway's bishopric for the municipalities of Oslo, Asker and Bærum. It is one of Norway's five traditional bishoprics and was founded around the year 1070. History Oslo was established as a diocese in 1068. It ...
.


Geography

Tønsberg is a city and municipality in Vestfold County, on the western shore of the
Oslofjord The Oslofjord (, ; en, Oslo Fjord) is an inlet in the south-east of Norway, stretching from an imaginary line between the and lighthouses and down to in the south to Oslo in the north. It is part of the Skagerrak strait, connecting the N ...
. Tønsberg lies north of
Færder Færder is a municipality in Vestfold in Vestfold og Telemark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Borgheim. The municipality was established in 2018 by the unification of the former municipalities of ...
, south of
Horten is a town and municipality in Vestfold in Vestfold og Telemark county, Norway—located along the Oslofjord. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Horten. The municipality also includes the town of Åsgårdstrand a ...
, and north-east of
Sandefjord Sandefjord () is a city and the most populous municipality in Vestfold og Telemark county, Norway. The municipality of Sandefjord was established on 1 January 1838. The municipality of Sandar was merged into Sandefjord on 1 January 1969. On 1 ...
. It is the ninth-largest city in Norway (by population). The city center lies just north from Nøtterøy Island. Besides Tønsberg proper, the municipality is also home to the villages of
Barkåker Barkåker is a village in the municipality of Tønsberg, Norway. Its population is 1,374. References Tønsberg Villages in Vestfold og Telemark {{Vestfold-geo-stub ...
and Sem. The village of Åsgårdstrand is partly in Tønsberg, although most of the village is in Horten municipality. Tønsberg Station is 5–10 minutes walking from the main square in the city centre, known as ''Torvet''. From the main square is a few hundred meters along Rådhusgaten to the waterfront Tønsberg Wharf ("Tønsberg Brygge"), where most cafes, bars and restaurants are located. Just south of Tønsberg are the islands of Nøtterøy and Tjøme, which are tourist destinations. The highest point in Tønsberg is Undrumsåsen at 145 meters (476 ft.). The villages of
Vear Vear is a village in Vestfold, Norway, located in the municipality of Tønsberg. It had a population of 3,520 in 2005. Vear lies near the border between Stokke (Sandefjord) and Tønsberg. It lies along Norwegian County Road 303 between Sandefj ...
and Hognes/Bjelland were merged into Tønsberg on January 1, 2017. The neighboring municipality of Re will be merged into Tønsberg on or before January 1, 2020.


Nature preserves

Tønsberg is home to five nature preserves: * Akersvannet (
wetland A wetland is a distinct ecosystem that is flooded or saturated by water, either permanently (for years or decades) or seasonally (for weeks or months). Flooding results in oxygen-free (Anoxic waters, anoxic) processes prevailing, especially in t ...
), shared with
Sandefjord Sandefjord () is a city and the most populous municipality in Vestfold og Telemark county, Norway. The municipality of Sandefjord was established on 1 January 1838. The municipality of Sandar was merged into Sandefjord on 1 January 1969. On 1 ...
* Bliksekilen (wetland) * Gullkronene (
deciduous forest In the fields of horticulture and Botany, the term ''deciduous'' () means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals ...
) * Ilene (wetland) * Presterødkilen (wetland) It is also a plant preserve at Karlsvika where the goal is the preservation of the threatened species fineleaf waterdropwort ('' Oenanthe aquatica''), a rare species in Norway.


Demographics

Tønsberg proper plus the nearby urban area makes Tønsberg the 9th most populous city in Norway, and the second-most populous city in Vestold County (after
Sandefjord Sandefjord () is a city and the most populous municipality in Vestfold og Telemark county, Norway. The municipality of Sandefjord was established on 1 January 1838. The municipality of Sandar was merged into Sandefjord on 1 January 1969. On 1 ...
). City of Tønsberg is home to 51,061 residents as of 2016, whereas 17,073 residents were living on the Nøtterøy side of the border. Smaller communities in the municipality includes the villages of
Barkåker Barkåker is a village in the municipality of Tønsberg, Norway. Its population is 1,374. References Tønsberg Villages in Vestfold og Telemark {{Vestfold-geo-stub ...
(2016 pop. 1,696) and Sem (2,392). Åsgårdstrand on the
Horten is a town and municipality in Vestfold in Vestfold og Telemark county, Norway—located along the Oslofjord. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Horten. The municipality also includes the town of Åsgårdstrand a ...
border lies in-between Horten- and Tønsberg municipalities. The village of Åsgårdstrand therefore has 176 residents living on the Tønsberg side of the border, despite a large majority of village residents residing in nearby Horten municipality. The city experienced a 20.8% population growth between 2000 and 2015, compared to 14.0% for Vestfold County as a whole. Furthermore, Tønsberg Municipality has the highest
urbanization Urbanization (or urbanisation) refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change. It is predominantly th ...
rate in Vestfold. While 94.6 percent of residents in Tønsberg Municipality are residing in cities, the equivalent number for Vestfold County is 84.8 percent. As of 2018, the largest minority groups were Lithuanians (1.11%), Polish (1.68%), Iraqis (1.06%), Swedes (0.75%), and Syrians (0.64%).


Population stats

On 1 January 2009, the population of Tønsberg municipality was 38,914. The population of the urban area, Norway's tenth most populous, was 46,091. 30,061 lived in Tønsberg municipality, while 16,030 lived in Nøtterøy municipality. The urban area extends from Eik in the north, to Tolvsrød,
Vallø Vallø was a municipality (Danish, '' kommune'') in the former Roskilde County on the east coast of the island of Zealand (''Sjælland'') in East Denmark. The municipality covered an area of 84 km2, and had a total population of 10,337 (20 ...
and Ringshaug in the east and
Borgheim Borgheim is the administrative centre of the municipality of Færder Færder is a municipality in Vestfold in Vestfold og Telemark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Borgheim. The municipality was ...
on Nøtterøy in the south. Tønsberg municipality contains five additional urban areas: Sem, with 2,147 inhabitants of which 2,100 live in Tønsberg and 47 live in
Stokke Stokke is a town in Sandefjord municipality in Vestfold County, Norway. It lies in-between Sandefjord and Tønsberg, two of Vestfold's largest cities. It was a municipality from 1838 to 2016. The administrative centre of the municipality was th ...
;
Barkåker Barkåker is a village in the municipality of Tønsberg, Norway. Its population is 1,374. References Tønsberg Villages in Vestfold og Telemark {{Vestfold-geo-stub ...
, with 1,292 inhabitants; Åsgårdstrand, with 2,847 inhabitants of which 2,794 in
Horten is a town and municipality in Vestfold in Vestfold og Telemark county, Norway—located along the Oslofjord. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Horten. The municipality also includes the town of Åsgårdstrand a ...
and 53 in Tønsberg;
Vear Vear is a village in Vestfold, Norway, located in the municipality of Tønsberg. It had a population of 3,520 in 2005. Vear lies near the border between Stokke (Sandefjord) and Tønsberg. It lies along Norwegian County Road 303 between Sandefj ...
, with a population of 3,502 of which 2,263 live in Stokke and 1,239 live in Tønsberg, and
Revetal Revetal was the administrative centre of Re municipality, Norway, until the municipality was merged into Tønsberg. Together with the nearby housing estate A housing estate (or sometimes housing complex or housing development) is a grou ...
, with 2,399 inhabitants all of which live in Tønsberg.


Sports

FK Tønsberg is the premier football team in Tønsberg, currently playing in the 2. divisjon as of 2017. Tønsberg Vikings is the local hockey team. The club played in the GET-ligaen until 2014. Tønsberg hosted a round of the UIM F2 World Championship from 2014 - 2018.


Tourist sites

Perhaps the most important landmark in the town is '' Slottsfjellet'', the tower standing on the hill. It was erected in 1888 as a memorial to Tønsberg Fortress (''Tunsberg festning''), the old fortress, of which just fragmentary ruins remain today. Below the mountain there is a museum dedicated to "Slottsfjellet" and Tønsberg. There are several exhibitions here about
whaling Whaling is the process of hunting of whales for their usable products such as meat and blubber, which can be turned into a type of oil that became increasingly important in the Industrial Revolution. It was practiced as an organized industr ...
and the fortress, Tønsberg Fortress. Several streets in the town are named after old kings of Norway. Other notable tourist sites include: *Haugar Art Museum (''Haugar Vestfold Kunstmuseum'') – located in the former Seamen's School in the middle of Tønsberg, the brick building was built 1918–21. The museum was established in 1993 as a foundation created by Vestfold county and municipality of Tønsberg. The museum is a division of Vestfold Museum (''Vestfoldmuseene''). Haugar Vestfold Art Museum is located in the parkland between the site of the ancient assembly of Haugating and the two Viking era mounds. *Foynegården – the city's best-preserved merchant's yard. Foynegården is the site of a patrician houses from the 1700s where
Svend Foyn Svend Foyn (July 9, 1809 – November 30, 1894) was a Norwegian whaling, shipping magnate and philanthropist. He pioneered revolutionary methods for hunting and processing whales. Svend Foyn introduced the modern harpoon cannon and brough ...
was born in 1809. *Ruins of St. Olav's Church (''Olavskirken'') – Former monastery founded in 1191, located near the current Tønsberg Library. *Ruins of St Michael's Church (''Mikaelskirken'') are still visible on top of Castle Mountain by Tønsberg Fortress. The church was mentioned among the royal chapels. It is believed to have been destroyed in 1503 when Swedish soldiers razed fortifications. * Sem Church (''Sem kirke'') – Vestfold's oldest stone church built before 1100 in the Romanesque style, located near the Jarlsberg Estate *
Tønsberg Cathedral Tønsberg Cathedral ( no, Tønsberg Domkirke) is a Lutheran church located in Tønsberg, Norway. It is the episcopal seat of the Diocese of Tunsberg within the Church of Norway. Originally a parish church, it was elevated to cathedral status in 19 ...
(''Tønsberg domkirke'') – Brick church from 1858 with pulpit from 1621 and an altarpiece from 1764. *Slottsfjell festival, one of the biggest happenings in Tønsberg through the year. People all over the country come to Tønsberg to participate, this festival is one of Tønsberg newly landmarks.


Oseberg Mound

Tønsberg is the site of Oseberg Mound, a Viking era burial mound. The Oseberg Ship was found in the Oseberg burial mound in 1904. This Viking era
longship Longships were a type of specialised Scandinavian warships that have a long history in Scandinavia, with their existence being archaeologically proven and documented from at least the fourth century BC. Originally invented and used by the Nor ...
is now in the
Viking Ship Museum in Oslo The Viking Ship Museum ( no, Vikingskipshuset på Bygdøy) is located on the Bygdøy peninsula in Oslo, Norway. It will be temporarily closed from September 2021 until 2025/2026. It is part of the Museum of Cultural History, Oslo, Museum of Cult ...
. Archaeological excavations in 1904 uncovered history's largest and richest example of craftsmanship from the Viking Age. In addition to the Oseberg Ship, Oseberghaugen contained the Oseberg carriage, five intricately carved bed-posts shaped like animal heads, four sledges, beds, chests, weaving-frames, household utensils and much more. Scientific examinations in 1992 now date the burial to 834 AD, and indicate a probability that it was Queen Alvhild, the first wife of King Gudrød, who was buried here. When unearthed, the ship was buried in blue clay and covered with stones beneath the 6-meter high Oseberg Mound.


Economy

Tønsberg is mostly a shopping town and an administrative centre. It is also noted especially for its
silverware Silverware may refer to: * Household silver including **Tableware **Cutlery **Candlesticks *The work of a silversmith * Silverware is also a slang term for a collection of trophies A trophy is a tangible, durable reminder of a specific achievem ...
.


Transport

The city is served by the railway line
Vestfoldbanen The Vestfold Line ( no, Vestfoldbanen) is a railway line which runs between Drammen and Eidanger in Norway. The line connects to the Drammen Line at the northern terminus at Drammen Station and continues as the Bratsberg Line past Skien Stat ...
, which runs in a loop through the city before reaching
Tønsberg Station Tønsberg Station on the Vestfold Line, is the main railway station in the town of Tønsberg in Vestfold, Norway. The station is located in the downtown area, to the east of the hill Slottsfjellet. It is located at an altitude of above mean sea ...
.


In popular culture

Tønsberg has been featured as a location in several films, most notably those set in the
Marvel Cinematic Universe The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe centered on a series of superhero films produced by Marvel Studios. The films are based on characters that appear in American comic books published ...
(MCU). It is first mentioned in the 2010 film '' Iron Man 2'' as a location under surveillance by
S.H.I.E.L.D. S.H.I.E.L.D. is a fictional espionage, special law enforcement, and counter-terrorism agency appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby in ''Strange Tales'' #135 (August 1965), it often ...
In the 2011 film ''
Thor Thor (; from non, Þórr ) is a prominent god in Germanic paganism. In Norse mythology, he is a hammer-wielding god associated with lightning, thunder, storms, sacred groves and trees, strength, the protection of humankind, hallowing, ...
'', it is established that centuries ago, Tønsberg was the invasion point of the
Frost Giants Frost is a thin layer of ice on a solid surface, which forms from water vapor in an above-freezing atmosphere coming in contact with a solid surface whose temperature is below freezing, and resulting in a phase change from water vapor (a ga ...
of Jotunheim, who sought to conquer Earth before they were defeated by
Odin Odin (; from non, Óðinn, ) is a widely revered god in Germanic paganism. Norse mythology, the source of most surviving information about him, associates him with wisdom, healing, death, royalty, the gallows, knowledge, war, battle, victory, ...
and the forces of Asgard. It is then seen in '' Captain America: The First Avenger'', where the Red Skull acquires the Tesseract from a church. In the 2017 film '' Thor: Ragnarok'', Odin chooses the town as the site of his death. In '' Avengers: Endgame'', the town is renamed "New Asgard" and serves as a refuge for the Asgardians who survived Thanos's attack during the events of '' Infinity War'', with
Valkyrie In Norse mythology, a valkyrie ("chooser of the slain") is one of a host of female figures who guide souls of the dead to the god Odin's hall Valhalla. There, the deceased warriors become (Old Norse "single (or once) fighters"Orchard (1997: ...
as its leader. In '' Thor: Love and Thunder'', New Asgard has become a tourist attraction but suffers political turmoil as a result of the discrimination of Earth's governments against otherworldly beings. The Tønsberg raid by Hydra is also recreated in the first episode of '' What If...?'', albeit it occurs much later than in ''Captain America: The First Avenger''. Tønsberg is also featured in the 2010 game '' Mount and Blade: Warband''s Viking Conquest expansion as the capital of the Kingdom of Northvegr.


Notable residents


Royalty

*
Bjørn Farmann Bjørn Farmann ("Bjørn the Tradesman", also called Bjørn Haraldsson, Farmand and Kaupman, died between 930 and 934) was a king of Vestfold. Bjørn was one of the sons of King Harald Fairhair of Norway. In late tradition, Bjørn Farmann was made ...
(died ca.930) King of
Vestfold Vestfold is a traditional region, a former county and a current electoral district in Eastern Norway. In 2020 the county became part of the much larger county of Vestfold og Telemark. Located on the western shore of the Oslofjord, it bordered ...
, founded Tønsberg * Magnus VI of Norway (1238–1280) King of Norway (as Magnus VI) 1263 to 1280 * Margaret, Maid of Norway (1283–1290) Queen-designate of Scotland from 1286 * Else Werring (1905–1989) a Norwegian royal hostess and
Chief Court Mistress Court Mistress ( da, hofmesterinde; nl, hofmeesteres; german: Hofmeisterin; no, hoffmesterinne; sv, hovmästarinna) or Chief Court Mistress ( da, Overhofmesterinde; ('grand mistress'); ; no, overhoffmesterinne; sv, överhovmästarinna; russia ...
from 1958


Public Service & Business

*
Cecilie Christine Schøller Cecilie Christine Schøller, born Sidsel Kirstine Frølich (16 March 1720 – 19 April 1786), was a Norwegian socialite, land owner and businessperson. She was builder and owner of Stiftsgården, now the royal residence in Trondheim, Norway.
(1720–1786) socialite, built
Stiftsgården Stiftsgården is the royal residence in Trondheim, Norway. It is centrally situated on the city’s most important thoroughfare, Munkegaten. At 140 rooms constituting 4000 m² (43000 ft²), it is possibly the largest wooden building in N ...
, a royal residence *
Carl Peter Stoltenberg Carl Peter Stoltenberg (28 January 1770 – 13 November 1830) was a Norwegian merchant, ship owner and politician. He was a representative at the Norwegian Constituent Assembly in Eidsvoll during 1814. Biography Carl Peter Stoltenberg was b ...
(1770–1830) merchant and rep. at Norwegian Constituent Assembly *
Adrian Benjamin Bentzon Adrian Benjamin Bentzon (22 April 1777 – 15 January 1827) was Governor of the Danish West Indies from 1816 to 1820. Biography He was born in Tønsberg, Norway. He was the son of Hans Jacob Bentzon (1739–1810) and Sophia Hedvig Købke ...
(1777–1827) Governor of the Danish West Indies, 1816 to 1820 * Gregers Winther Wulfsberg (1780–1846) jurist and rep. at Norwegian Constituent Assembly *
Svend Foyn Svend Foyn (July 9, 1809 – November 30, 1894) was a Norwegian whaling, shipping magnate and philanthropist. He pioneered revolutionary methods for hunting and processing whales. Svend Foyn introduced the modern harpoon cannon and brough ...
(1809–1894), a shipping and whaling
magnate The magnate term, from the late Latin ''magnas'', a great man, itself from Latin ''magnus'', "great", means a man from the higher nobility, a man who belongs to the high office-holders, or a man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or ot ...
, introduced sealing to Vestfold * Johan Henrik Dietrichs (1809-1886), merchant and mayor of the town * Johan Sverdrup (1816–1892), liberal politician,
prime minister of Norway The prime minister of Norway ( no, statsminister, which directly translates to "minister of state") is the head of government and chief executive of Norway. The prime minister and Cabinet (consisting of all the most senior government department ...
from 1884 to 1889 * Wilhelm Wilhelmsen (1839–1910), a shipping
magnate The magnate term, from the late Latin ''magnas'', a great man, itself from Latin ''magnus'', "great", means a man from the higher nobility, a man who belongs to the high office-holders, or a man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or ot ...
, founder of the Wilh. Wilhelmsen Shipping Company * Henrik Johan Bull (1844–1930) a whaler and pioneer Antarctic explorer * brothers
Peter Christophersen Peter "Don Pedro" Christophersen (May 28, 1845 – August 19, 1930) was a Norwegians, Norwegian businessman, landowner, and diplomat in Argentina. Early life and family Christophersen was born in Tønsberg, the son of the customs official Ole Ch ...
(1845–1930) & Søren Andreas Christophersen (1849–1933) diplomats in Argentina * Niels Johan Føyn (1860–1945), meteorologist * Axel Thue (1863–1922),
Norwegian American Norwegian Americans ( nb, Norskamerikanere, nn, Norskamerikanarar) are Americans with ancestral roots in Norway. Norwegian immigrants went to the United States primarily in the latter half of the 19th century and the first few decades of the ...
mathematician A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models, and change. History On ...
* Ditlef Hvistendahl Christiansen (1865–1944) Norwegian Supreme Court Justice, 1911/1936 * Ole O. Lian (1868–1925), politician, leader of the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions * Halfdan M. Hanson (1884–1952),
Norwegian American Norwegian Americans ( nb, Norskamerikanere, nn, Norskamerikanarar) are Americans with ancestral roots in Norway. Norwegian immigrants went to the United States primarily in the latter half of the 19th century and the first few decades of the ...
architect * Ole Aanderud Larsen (1884–1964) a ship designer, designed the '' Endurance'' *
Eugène Olaussen Ansgar Eugène Olaussen (27 December 1887 – 22 January 1962) was a Norwegian newspaper editor, educated as a typographer, and politician. As a politician he started in Young Communist League of Norway (, and notably edited '' Klassekampen'' fro ...
(1887–1962) a newspaper editor and politician; from
communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, ...
to
Nazi Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in ...
* Arnold Rørholt (1909–1986) a Norwegian jurist and refugee worker *
Ebba Lodden Ebba Lodden, née Sjuve (9 November 1913 – 14 January 1997) was a Norwegian civil servant and politician for the Labour Party. She was the first female County Governor in Norway. Early life and career She was born in Tønsberg as a daughter o ...
(1913–1997) civil servant and politician, first female County Governor * Jan Mehlum (born 1945), author and academic, comes from Tønsberg * Laila Riksaasen Dahl (born 1947) theologian, bishop of the Diocese of Tunsberg 2002/2014 * Jan Otto Myrseth (born 1957) a prelate, the current Bishop of Tunsberg * Per Arne Olsen (born 1961) a politician, Mayor of Tønsberg 2003 to 2009 *
Reidar Hjermann Reidar Kvaal Hjermann (born 17 February 1969) is a Norwegian psychologist and former Children's Ombudsman of Norway. The son of Ingvar Hjermann, Reidar started working as a psychologist in 1998. In 2004 he was appointed Ombudsman for Children in ...
(born 1969) psychologist and former Children's Ombudsman of Norway * Joshua French (born 1982) a Norwegian-British murderer convicted in the Congo, grew up in Re


The Arts

*
Mathias Stoltenberg Mathias Stoltenberg (21 July 1799 – 2 November 1871) was a Norwegian painter. He earned his living mostly as a travelling portrait painter and furniture restorer. His paintings were later rediscovered and presented at the 1914 Jubilee Exhibi ...
(1799–1871) a portrait painter and furniture restorer *
Clara Tschudi Clara Tschudi (9 September 1856 – 10 November 1945) was a Norwegian writer. She was born in Tønsberg. She is best known for her biographies of contemporary and historical women. Among her publications are the book ''Kvindebevægelsen, den ...
(1856–1945) a writer of biographies of contemporary and historical women * Elisabeth Meyer (1899–1968) a Norwegian photographer and journalist *
Thomas Thomassen Thomas Thomassen (19 November 1878 – 7 January 1962) was a Norwegian actor, director and theater manager. Biography Thomassen was born in Tønsberg, Norway. He was the son of Thomas Marthinius Thomassen (1845–1925) and Laura Christine Th ...
(1878–1962) a Norwegian actor, director and theater manager *
Per Gjersøe Per Gjersøe (13 October 1908 – 6 November 1980) was a Norwegian actor, stage instructor and film director. He was born in Tønsberg. He made his stage debut at Nationaltheatret in 1938. From 1945 to 1950 he was assigned at Studioteatret, ...
(1908–1980) a Norwegian actor and film director * Kåre Holt (1916–1997) a Norwegian author from Våle *
Per Asplin Per Asplin (10 August 1928, in Tønsberg – 9 October 1996, in Oslo) was a Norwegian pianist, singer, composer and actor. He co-starred in a handful of films as well as participating in Melodi Grand Prix five times in the 1960s. Still he is p ...
(1928–1996) a Norwegian pianist, singer, composer and actor * Kjell Heggelund (1932–2017) a literary researcher, lecturer, editor, poet and literary critic *
Wenche Blomberg Wenche Blomberg (born 23 June 1943 in Tønsberg) is a Norwegian author. She has worked as a journalist, librarian, criminologist and government scholar. Blomberg has written many children's books, such as ''Appelsinenes land'' (1980), about the e ...
(born 1943) an author, journalist, librarian and criminologist *
Bjørn Floberg Bjørn Floberg (born 12 September 1947) is a Norwegian actor of film, television and theatre. He is particularly noted for playing unsympathetic authority figures, but he has also had success playing other types of roles. Career Theatre Flo ...
(born 1947) a Norwegian actor of film, TV and theatre * Jahn Teigen (1949-2020) singer and comedian, 3 times in the
Eurovision Song Contest The Eurovision Song Contest (), sometimes abbreviated to ESC and often known simply as Eurovision, is an international songwriting competition organised annually by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), featuring participants representing pr ...
* Gro Dahle (born 1962), author and poet, grew up in Tønsberg * twins Egil Nyhus &
Svein Nyhus Svein Nyhus (born 23 January 1962) is a Norwegian illustrator and writer of children's books. Svein Nyhus was born in Tønsberg as the twin brother of caricaturist Egil Nyhus. He took his education at the Norwegian National Academy of Craft a ...
(born 1962) Norwegian illustrators * Sturla Berg-Johansen (born 1967), stand-up comedian, comes from Tønsberg * Ilze Burkovska Jacobsen, (Norwegian Wiki) (born 1971) Latvian filmmaker, lives in Tønsberg * Lene Nystrøm (born 1973), lead vocalist of the Danish-Norwegian dance group Aqua * siblings
Line Horntveth Line Horntveth (born 26 November 1974 in Tønsberg, Norway) is a Norwegian musician (tuba, flute percussion, and vocals), the sister of the musicians Martin and Lars Horntveth, married to the upright bassist Bjørn Holm, and known from a series ...
(born 1974) & Martin Horntveth (born 1977) & Lars Horntveth (born 1980) Norwegian jazz musicians * Frøy Aagre (born 1977) a Norwegian jazz tenor and soprano saxophone player *
Seigmen Seigmen (formed in 1989 in Tønsberg, Vestfold, Norway) is a Norwegian alternative rock band who came into prominence in the early 1990s. The band's name is derived from Norwegian sweets brand Laban Seigmenn. The band went from a hard-edged grun ...
(formed 1989) an alternative rock band, comes from Tønsberg * Kyrre Gørvell-Dahll (born 1991) known as '' Kygo'', a DJ, songwriter and record producer *
Adelén Adelén Rusillo Steen (born 4 November 1996), known professionally as Adelén, is a Spanish-Norwegian singer. Career 2013–present: Melodi Grand Prix and debut Adelén participated in the Norwegian national selection for the Eurovision So ...
(born 1996), singer * Emma Ellingsen (born 2001) a Norwegian transgender model and YouTuber


Sport

* Hjalmar Andersen (1923–2013) speed skater, three gold medals at the
1952 Winter Olympics The 1952 Winter Olympics, officially known as the VI Olympic Winter Games ( no, De 6. olympiske vinterleker; nn, Dei 6. olympiske vinterleikane) and commonly known as Oslo 1952, was a winter multi-sport event held from 14 to 25 February 19 ...
* Ronny Johnsen (born 1969) former footballer with
Manchester United F.C. Manchester United Football Club, commonly referred to as Man United (often stylised as Man Utd), or simply United, is a professional football club based in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England. The club competes in the Premier League, ...
has 384 club caps and 62 with
Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of ...
, lives in Tønsberg * Linda Cerup-Simonsen (born 1969) a sailor, team gold medallist at the 1992 Summer Olympics *
Anders Aukland Anders Aukland (born 12 September 1972 in Tønsberg) is a professional Norwegian cross-country skier who has won both Olympic and World Championship gold medals. He lives in Oslo. Aukland also used to compete in athletics, and is a former nati ...
(born 1972) cross-country skier, team gold medallist,
2002 Winter Olympics The 2002 Winter Olympics, officially the XIX Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Salt Lake 2002 ( arp, Niico'ooowu' 2002; Gosiute Shoshoni: ''Tit'-so-pi 2002''; nv, Sooléí 2002; Shoshoni: ''Soónkahni 2002''), was an internationa ...
* Rune Monstad (born 1973) known as ''The Viking Biker'', a Norwegian cyclist who cycled around the world on a 27-speed Gekko mountain bike from 2005 to 2010 * Morten Hagen (born 1974) a Norwegian professional golfer * Kristine Duvholt Havnås (born 1974) a former Norwegian team handballer, team silver medallist at the 1992 Summer Olympics and team bronze medallist at the
2000 Summer Olympics The 2000 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the XXVII Olympiad and also known as Sydney 2000 ( Dharug: ''Gadigal 2000''), the Millennium Olympic Games or the Games of the New Millennium, was an international multi-sport event held from ...
*
Tonje Larsen Tonje Larsen (born 26 January 1975, in Tønsberg) is a retired Norwegian handballer who played for the Norwegian national team. She is Olympic champion, World champion and three times European champion. As a club player she is several times N ...
(born 1975) a retired Norwegian Olympic team champion handballer *
Olaf Tufte Olaf Karl Tufte (born 27 April 1976 in Tønsberg) is a Norwegian representative rower, firefighter and farmer. He is a seven time Olympian, and as a single sculler he was twice the Olympic champion and twice the world champion. He's been consis ...
(born 1976) a rower, firefighter and farmer; has four Olympic medals *
John Arne Riise John Arne Semundseth Riise (born 24 September 1980) is a Norwegian professional football manager and former player who played as a left back and a left midfielder. He is currently the manager of Toppserien club Avaldsnes. With 110 caps, Riise i ...
(born 1980) former footballer with
Liverpool F.C. Liverpool Football Club is a professional football club based in Liverpool, England. The club competes in the Premier League, the top tier of English football. Founded in 1892, the club joined the Football League the following year and has ...
has 546 club caps and 110 with
Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of ...
, lives in Tønsberg * Espen Bugge Pettersen (born 1980) a former football goalkeeper with 440 club caps *
Lisa-Marie Woods Lisa-Marie Woods (born 23 May 1984) is a Norwegian retired professional football midfielder and current assistant coach at Creighton University. She last played at Asheville City SC of the Women's Premier Soccer League as a forward. She has pr ...
(born 1984) a Norwegian professional football midfielder *
Kjetil Borch Kjetil Borch (born 14 February 1990) is a Norwegian representative rower. He is a dual Olympian, an Olympic medallist and a two-time world champion. He has been selected as a 2021 Tokyo Olympian and is expected to make his third Olympic appearan ...
(born 1990) world rowing champion, team bronze medallist,
2016 Summer Olympics ) , nations = 207 (including IOA and EOR teams) , athletes = 11,238 , events = 306 in 28 sports (41 disciplines) , opening = 5 August 2016 , closing = 21 August 2016 , opened_by = Vice President Michel Temer , cauldron = Vanderlei Cordeiro de ...
* Magnus Carlsen (born 1990), chess grandmaster, &
World Chess Champion The World Chess Championship is played to determine the world champion in chess. The current world champion is Magnus Carlsen of Norway, who has held the title since 2013. The first event recognized as a world championship was the 1886 matc ...
* Anine Rabe (born 1992) a Norwegian former figure skater * Ali Srour (born 1994) known as ''"Prince" Ali'', a Lebanese professional boxer from Tønsberg


Gallery

File:Tønsberg_Møllegaten.jpg, Møllers Gaten File:Tønsberg,_Norway_(5251970851).jpg, Tønsberg during winter File:Tønsberg_Torvgaten_002.jpg, Torvgaten in the city centre File:Kunstmuseum_Tønsberg_Norway_june_2014_minnebauta.jpg, Haugar Art Museum File:Tønsberg_tønne.jpg, Tønsberg Barrel on East Island in
Sandefjord Sandefjord () is a city and the most populous municipality in Vestfold og Telemark county, Norway. The municipality of Sandefjord was established on 1 January 1838. The municipality of Sandar was merged into Sandefjord on 1 January 1969. On 1 ...
File:Part_of_panorama_photo_of_Tønsberg,_Vestfold_-_Riksantikvaren-T084_01_0527_from_1908_-_Slottsfjellet,_Slottsfjellstårnet,_Slottsfjellmuseet,_Slottsfjellskolen,_Nordbyen,_Tønsberg_domkirke,_Tønsberg_gamle_stasjon,_hotell,_båter,_T.jpg, Tønsberg in January 1908 File:Osebergshögen_Tønsberg.jpg, Oseberg Mound, where the 9th century 22-metre '' Oseberg Ship'' was discovered


Twin towns – sister cities

The following cities are twinned with Tønsberg: * Covarrubias, Spain *
Évora Évora ( , ) is a city and a municipality in Portugal. It has 53,591 inhabitants (2021), in an area of 1307.08 km2. It is the historic capital of the Alentejo and serves as the seat of the Évora District. Due to its well-preserved old ...
, Portugal *
Ísafjörður Ísafjörður (pronounced , meaning ''ice fjord'', literally ''fjord of ices'') is a town in the northwest of Iceland. The oldest part of Ísafjörður with the town centre is located on a spit of sand, or ''eyri'', in Skutulsfjörður, a fjord ...
, Iceland *
Joensuu Joensuu (; krl, Jovensuu; ) is a city and municipality in North Karelia, Finland, located on the northern shore of Lake Pyhäselkä (northern part of Lake Saimaa) at the mouth of the Pielinen River (''Pielisjoki''). It was founded in 1848. The ...
, Finland * Lamia, Greece * Linköping, Sweden *
Ravenna Ravenna ( , , also ; rgn, Ravèna) is the capital city of the Province of Ravenna, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy. It was the capital city of the Western Roman Empire from 408 until its collapse in 476. It then served as the c ...
, Italy *
Waterford "Waterford remains the untaken city" , mapsize = 220px , pushpin_map = Ireland#Europe , pushpin_map_caption = Location within Ireland##Location within Europe , pushpin_relief = 1 , coordinates ...
, Ireland


References


External links


Municipal fact sheet
from
Statistics Norway Statistics Norway ( no, Statistisk sentralbyrå, abbreviated to ''SSB'') is the Norwegian statistics bureau. It was established in 1876. Relying on a staff of about 1,000, Statistics Norway publish about 1,000 new statistical releases every ye ...
* *
Municipality website

Haugar Art Museum
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tonsberg Municipalities of Vestfold og Telemark Populated places in Vestfold og Telemark Cities and towns in Norway Port cities and towns in Norway Port cities and towns of the North Sea Populated places established in the 9th century