Evangelium Sanctum Domini Nostri Jesu Christi in Arabic 1590 with Arabic types of Robert Grandjon Rome Typographia Medicea

The Medici Oriental Press (also Typographia Medicea) was a press established by Ferdinand de Medici in the 16th century. This press produced some of the earliest books printed in

Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter ...

. The press was active from 1584 to 1614.''A shared legacy: Islamic science East and West'' by G. Saliba p.202
/ref> The press initially benefited from the oriental manuscripts contributed by Ignatius Nemet Allah I, Patriarch of the

Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch The Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch ܦܛܪܝܪܟܐ ܕܐܢܛܝܘܟܝܐ is the bishop of Antioch, and head of the Syriac Orthodox Church ( Syriac: ܥܺܕܬܳܐ ܣܽܘ̣ܪܝܳܝܬܳܐ ܬܪܺܝܨܰܬ ܫܽܘ̣ܒ̣ܚܳܐ). He is the Head of the Hol ...

, then in exile in

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...

. The Medici Oriental Press published Christian religious works in oriental languages, such as the Gospels which were printed in Arabic in 1591, with the objective of converting

Muslims Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...

. The Press also produced scientific books in the original Arabic language, possibly for European scientist to gain direct access to Arabic works.''First globalization: the Eurasian exchange, 1500 to 1800'' by Geoffrey C. Gunn
/ref> The Press received from the Pope a

monopoly A monopoly (from Greek el, μόνος, mónos, single, alone, label=none and el, πωλεῖν, pōleîn, to sell, label=none), as described by Irving Fisher, is a market with the "absence of competition", creating a situation where a speci ...

to print books in "foreign languages".''Asia in the making of Europe: Volume II, A century of wonder'' p.528
/ref>

Robert Granjon Robert Granjon (1513-November 16, 1589/March 1590) was a French type designer and printer. He worked in Paris, Lyon, Frankfurt, Antwerp, and Rome for various printers. He is best known for having introduced the typeface Civilité and for his ita ...

of Paris (who also worked for the ''Typographia Vaticana'') was employed to cut Oriental typefaces, and Giovan Battista Raimondi from Cremona was designated as the manager of the Press.

Publications

*''Euangelium sanctum Domini Nostri Iesu Christi conscriptum a quatuor euangelistis sanctis idest, Mattheo, Marco, Luca, et Iohanne.'' Romae: in Typographia Medicea, (1590-)1591 *''Alphabetum Arabicum.'' Romae: in Typographia Medicea, 1592 * Mohammed al-Idrisi: ''De geographia vniuersali. Hortulus cultissimus, mire orbis regiones, prouincias, insulas, vrbes, earumque dimensiones & orizonta describens.'' Romae: in Typographia Medicea, 1592 *''Missale syriacum.'' Romae: in Typographia Medicea, 1592 *' Uthman ibn 'Umar Ibn al-Hajib: ''Grammatica arabica dicta Kaphia autore filio Alhagiabi = Kāfiya, li-Ĭbn al-Ḥāǧib'', Romae: in typographia Medicea, 1592. *Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammed ben Muhammed ben Dawud al-Sanhagi

Ibn Adjurrum Ibn Ājurrūm ( ar, إبن أَجُرُوم; Berber: Ageṛṛom or Agerrum) and his full name: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Dāwūd al-Ṣanhādjī ( ar, أبو عبد اللہ محمد بن داوود الصنهاجي). (1273� ...

: ''Grammatica arabica in compendium redacta, quae vocatur Giarrumia, auctore Mahmeto filio Dauidis Alsanhagij'', Romae : in typographia Medicea, 1592. * Avicenna: ''Libri quinque canonis medicinae. Quibus additi sunt in fine libri logicae, physicae et metaphysicae. Arabice nunc primum impressi.'' Romae: in typographia Medicea, 1593 = Kutub al-qānūn fī ăṭ-ṭibb, maʿa baʿḍ taʾlīfihi wa-huwa ʿilm al-manṭiq wa-ʿilm aṭ-ṭabīʿī wa-ʿilm al-kalām, li-Abū sicʿAlī Ibn Sīnā (Digitalization of the American University of Beirut

*

Euklid Euclid (; grc-gre, Εὐκλείδης; BC) was an ancient Greek mathematician active as a geometer and logician. Considered the "father of geometry", he is chiefly known for the '' Elements'' treatise, which established the foundations of g ...

: ''Euclidis elementorum geometricorum libri tredecim. Ex traditione doctissimi Nasiridini Tusini. Nunc primum Arabice impressi.'' Romae: in Typographia Medicea, 1594 *''Missale Chaldaicum iuxta ritum Ecclesiae nationis Maronitarum.'' Romae: in typographia Medicea, 1594 * Gregorio Nuñez Coronel: ''De vera Christi ecclesia libri decem. Authore fr. Gregorio Nunnio Coronel lusitano ordinis eremitarum s. Augustini professore, et sacrae theologiae doctore.'' Romae: ex Typographia Medicea : apud Iacobum Lunam, 1594 * Aurelius Augustinus: ''I tredici libri delle Confessioni. Tradotti di latino in italiano per Giulio Mazzini.'' In Roma: nella Typografia medicea, appresso Giacomo Luna, 1595 *''Breuis orthodoxae fidei professio, quae ex praescripto Sanctae Sedis Apostolicae ab Orientalibus ad sacrosanctae Romanae Ecclesiae vnitatem venientibus facienda proponitur. Iussu sanctissimi domini nostri Clementis VIII.'' Excussum Romae: in Typographia Medicea, 1595 * Giovanni Battista Eliano: ''Sacrosanctae Romanae Ecclesiae unitatem venientibus facienda proponitur...'' Romae: In Typographia Medicea, 1595 *Georgius Amira: ''Grammatica Syriaca, siue Chaldaica, Georgij Michaelis Amirae Edeniensis e Libano philosophi ac theologi collegij Maronitarum alumni, in septem libros diuisa.'' Romae: in Typographia linguarum externarum: apud Iacobum Lunam, 1596 *''Liber ministri missae iuxta ritum Ecclesia nationis Maronitarum.'' Romae: ex typographia Linguarum externarum, apud Iacobum Lunam, 1596 *Gregorio Nuñez Coronel: ''De optimo reipublicae statu libri sex, in duos tomos diuisi. Quibus accessit Apologeticus liber de apostolicis traditionibus.'' Romae: ex Typographia Externarum Linguarum: apud Iacobum Lunam, 1597 * Gaspare Viviano (Bischof von Sitia und Gerapetra): ''Constitutiones et decreta ecclesiae Anagninae, edita & promulgata in synodo dioecesana anno MDXCVI.'' Romae: ex Typographia externarum linguarum apud Jacobum Lunam, 1597 *''Caeremoniale episcoporum iussu Clementis VIII pont. max. nouissime reformatum omnibus ecclesijs praecipue autem metropolitanis cathedralibus & collegiatis perutile ac necessarium.'' Romae: ex Typographia Linguarum Externarum, 1600 mense Octobris. *'Abd al-Wahhab ibn Ibrahim al-Zanjani: ''Liber tasriphi, et est liber conjugationis. Compositio est Senis Alemami. Traditur in eo compendiosa notitia coniugationum verbi Arabici ... Addita est duplex versio Latina...'' Romae: Ex Typographia Medicaea linguarum externarum, 1610 *''Sacrosancta quatuor IesuChristi D. N. Evangelia Arabice scripta, Latine reddita, figurisque ornata''. Romae: Ex Typographia Medicea, 1619

References

{{Reflist History of printing 16th-century establishments in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany