This list contains selected positive

number A number is a mathematical object used to count, measure, and label. The original examples are the natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and so forth. Numbers can be represented in language with number words. More universally, individual numbers c ...

s in increasing order, including counts of things,

dimensionless quantities A dimensionless quantity (also known as a bare quantity, pure quantity, or scalar quantity as well as quantity of dimension one) is a quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned, with a corresponding SI unit of measurement of one (or 1) ...

and probabilities. Each number is given a name in the short scale, which is used in English-speaking countries, as well as a name in the long scale, which is used in some of the countries that do not have English as their national language.

Smaller than (one googolth)

* ''Mathematics – random selections:'' Approximately is a rough first estimate of the probability that a typing " monkey", or an English-illiterate typing robot, when placed in front of a typewriter, will type out William Shakespeare's play ''

Hamlet ''The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark'', often shortened to ''Hamlet'' (), is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare sometime between 1599 and 1601. It is Shakespeare's longest play, with 29,551 words. Set in Denmark, the play depicts ...

'' as its first set of inputs, on the precondition it typed the needed number of characters. However, demanding correct

punctuation Punctuation (or sometimes interpunction) is the use of spacing, conventional signs (called punctuation marks), and certain typographical devices as aids to the understanding and correct reading of written text, whether read silently or aloud. An ...

capitalization Capitalization (American English) or capitalisation (British English) is writing a word with its first letter as a capital letter (uppercase letter) and the remaining letters in lower case, in writing systems with a case distinction. The term ...

, and spacing, the probability falls to around 10^−360,783. * ''Computing:'' 2.2 is approximately equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by an octuple-precision IEEE floating-point value. **1 is equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a quadruple-precision IEEE decimal floating-point value. **6.5 is approximately equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a quadruple-precision IEEE floating-point value. **3.6 is approximately equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by an 80-bit x86 double-extended IEEE floating-point value. **1 is equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a double-precision IEEE decimal floating-point value. **4.9 is approximately equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a double-precision

IEEE floating-point The IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic (IEEE 754) is a technical standard for floating-point arithmetic established in 1985 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The standard addressed many problems found in ...

value. **1.5 is approximately equal to the probability that in a randomly selected group of 365 people, all of them will have different birthdays. **1 is equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a single-precision IEEE decimal floating-point value.

10⁻¹⁰⁰ to 10⁻³⁰

* ''Mathematics:'' The chances of

shuffling Shuffling is a procedure used to randomize a deck of playing cards to provide an element of chance in card games. Shuffling is often followed by a cut, to help ensure that the shuffler has not manipulated the outcome. __TOC__ Techniques Over ...

a standard 52-card deck in any specific order is around 1.24 (or exactly ) * ''Computing:'' The number 1.4 is approximately equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a

single-precision Single-precision floating-point format (sometimes called FP32 or float32) is a computer number format, usually occupying 32 bits in computer memory; it represents a wide dynamic range of numeric values by using a floating radix point. A floatin ...

IEEE floating-point value.

10⁻³⁰

(; 1000⁻¹⁰; short scale: one nonillionth; long scale: one quintillionth) ISO: quecto- (q) * ''Mathematics:'' The probability in a game of

bridge A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or rail) without blocking the way underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually somethi ...

of all four players getting a complete suit each is approximately .

10⁻²⁷

(; 1000⁻⁹; short scale: one octillionth; long scale: one quadrilliardth) ISO: ronto- (r)

10⁻²⁴

(; 1000⁻⁸; short scale: one septillionth; long scale: one quadrillionth) ISO: yocto- (y)

10⁻²¹

(; 1000⁻⁷; short scale: one sextillionth; long scale: one trilliardth) ISO: zepto- (z) * ''Mathematics:'' The probability of matching 20 numbers for 20 in a game of keno is approximately 2.83 × 10⁻¹⁹.

10⁻¹⁸

(; 1000⁻⁶; short scale: one quintillionth; long scale: one trillionth) ISO: atto- (a) * ''Mathematics:'' The probability of rolling snake eyes 10 times in a row on a pair of fair dice is about .

10⁻¹⁵

(; 1000⁻⁵; short scale: one quadrillionth; long scale: one billiardth) ISO: femto- (f) * ''Mathematics'': The Ramanujan constant,

e^ = 262\,537\,412\,640\,768\,743.999\,999\,999\,999\,25\ldots,

is an almost integer, differing from the nearest integer by approximately .

10⁻¹²

(; 1000⁻⁴; short scale: one trillionth; long scale: one billionth) ISO: pico- (p) * ''Mathematics:'' The probability in a game of

of one player getting a complete suit is approximately (). * ''Biology:'' Human visual sensitivity to 1000 nm light is approximately of its peak sensitivity at 555 nm.

10⁻⁹

(; 1000⁻³; short scale: one billionth; long scale: one milliardth) ISO: nano- (n) * ''Mathematics – Lottery:'' The odds of winning the Grand Prize (matching all 6 numbers) in the US

Powerball Powerball is an American lottery game offered by 45 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It is coordinated by the Multi-State Lottery Association (MUSL). From its inaugural drawing on April 19, 1992, unti ...

lottery, with a single ticket, under the rules , are 292,201,338 to 1 against, for a probability of (). * ''Mathematics – Lottery:'' The odds of winning the Grand Prize (matching all 6 numbers) in the Australian

lottery, with a single ticket, under the rules , are 134,490,400 to 1 against, for a probability of (). * ''Mathematics – Lottery:'' The odds of winning the Jackpot (matching the 6 main numbers) in the UK National Lottery, with a single ticket, under the rules , are 13,983,815 to 1 against, for a probability of ().

10⁻⁶

(; 1000⁻²;

long and short scales The long and short scales are two of several naming systems for integer powers of ten which use some of the same terms for different magnitudes. For whole numbers smaller than 1,000,000,000 (109), such as one thousand or one million, the t ...

: one millionth) ISO:

micro- ''Micro'' (Greek letter μ ( U+03BC) or the legacy symbol µ (U+00B5)) is a unit prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10−6 (one millionth). Confirmed in 1960, the prefix comes from the Greek ('), meaning "small". The symbol for ...

(μ)

* ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt a royal flush in poker are 649,739 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.5 (). * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt a

straight flush In poker, players form sets of five playing cards, called ''hands'', according to the rules of the game. Each hand has a rank, which is compared against the ranks of other hands participating in the showdown to decide who wins the pot. In high ...

(other than a royal flush) in poker are 72,192 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.4 (0.0014%). * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt a four of a kind in poker are 4,164 to 1 against, for a probability of 2.4 (0.024%).

10⁻³

(0.001; 1000⁻¹; one thousandth) ISO: milli- (m) * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt a

full house ''Full House'' is an American television Situation comedy, sitcom created by Jeff Franklin for American Broadcasting Company, ABC. The show is about widowed father Danny Tanner who enlists his brother-in-law Jesse Katsopolis and childhood best ...

in poker are 693 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.4 × 10⁻³ (0.14%). * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt a

flush Flush may refer to: Places * Flush, Kansas, a community in the United States Architecture, construction and manufacturing * Flush cut, a type of cut made with a French flush-cut saw or diagonal pliers * Flush deck, in naval architecture * Fl ...

in poker are 507.8 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.9 × 10⁻³ (0.19%). * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt a

straight Straight may refer to: Slang * Straight, slang for heterosexual ** Straight-acting, an LGBT person who does not exhibit the appearance or mannerisms of the gay stereotype * Straight, a member of the straight edge subculture Sport and games * ...

in poker are 253.8 to 1 against, for a probability of 4 × 10⁻³ (0.39%). * ''Physics:'' ''α'' = , the

fine-structure constant In physics, the fine-structure constant, also known as the Sommerfeld constant, commonly denoted by (the Greek letter ''alpha''), is a fundamental physical constant which quantifies the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between el ...

10⁻²

(0.01; one

hundredth In arithmetic, a hundredth is a single part of something that has been divided equally into a hundred parts. For example, a hundredth of 675 is 6.75. In this manner it is used with the prefix "centi" such as in centimeter. A hundredth is the re ...

) ISO:

centi- ''Centi'' (symbol c) is a unit prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one hundredth. Proposed in 1793, and adopted in 1795, the prefix comes from the Latin , meaning "hundred" (cf. century, cent, percent, centennial). Since 1960, the pr ...

(c) * ''Mathematics – Lottery:'' The odds of winning any prize in the UK National Lottery, with a single ticket, under the rules as of 2003, are 54 to 1 against, for a probability of about 0.018 (1.8%). * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt a three of a kind in poker are 46 to 1 against, for a probability of 0.021 (2.1%). * ''Mathematics – Lottery:'' The odds of winning any prize in the

, with a single ticket, under the rules as of 2015, are 24.87 to 1 against, for a probability of 0.0402 (4.02%). * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt

two pair In poker, players form sets of five playing cards, called ''hands'', according to the rules of the game. Each hand has a rank, which is compared against the ranks of other hands participating in the showdown to decide who wins the pot. In high ...

in poker are 21 to 1 against, for a probability of 0.048 (4.8%).

10⁻¹

(0.1; one tenth) ISO: deci- (d) * ''Legal history'': 10% was widespread as the

tax A tax is a compulsory financial charge or some other type of levy imposed on a taxpayer (an individual or legal entity) by a governmental organization in order to fund government spending and various public expenditures (regional, local, or n ...

raised for income or produce in the ancient and medieval period; see tithe. * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt only

one pair In poker, players form sets of five playing cards, called ''hands'', according to the rules of the game. Each hand has a rank, which is compared against the ranks of other hands participating in the showdown to decide who wins the pot. In high ...

in poker are about 5 to 2 against (2.37 to 1), for a probability of 0.42 (42%). * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt

no pair In poker, players form sets of five playing cards, called ''hands'', according to the rules of the game. Each hand has a rank, which is compared against the ranks of other hands participating in the showdown to decide who wins the pot. In high ...

in poker are nearly 1 to 2, for a probability of about 0.5 (50%).

10⁰

(1; one) * ''Demography:'' The population of Monowi, an incorporated village in

Nebraska Nebraska () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Kansas to the south; Colorado to the sout ...

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...

, was one in 2010. * ''Religion:'' One is the number of gods in

Judaism Judaism ( he, ''Yahăḏūṯ'') is an Abrahamic, monotheistic, and ethnic religion comprising the collective religious, cultural, and legal tradition and civilization of the Jewish people. It has its roots as an organized religion in t ...

Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with roughly 2.38 billion followers representing one-third of the global pop ...

, and Islam ( monotheistic religions). * ''Computing –

Unicode Unicode, formally The Unicode Standard,The formal version reference is is an information technology standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems. The standard, wh ...

:'' One character is assigned to the Lisu Supplement

Unicode block A Unicode block is one of several contiguous ranges of numeric character codes ( code points) of the Unicode character set that are defined by the Unicode Consortium for administrative and documentation purposes. Typically, proposals such as the ...

, the fewest of any public-use Unicode block as of Unicode 14.0 (2021). * ''Mathematics:'' ≈ , the ratio of the

diagonal In geometry, a diagonal is a line segment joining two vertices of a polygon or polyhedron, when those vertices are not on the same edge. Informally, any sloping line is called diagonal. The word ''diagonal'' derives from the ancient Greek δ� ...

of a

square In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular quadrilateral, which means that it has four equal sides and four equal angles (90- degree angles, π/2 radian angles, or right angles). It can also be defined as a rectangle with two equal-length a ...

to its side length. * ''Mathematics:'' φ ≈ , the

golden ratio In mathematics, two quantities are in the golden ratio if their ratio is the same as the ratio of their sum to the larger of the two quantities. Expressed algebraically, for quantities a and b with a > b > 0, where the Greek letter phi ( ...

. * ''Mathematics:'' ≈ , the ratio of the

of a

unit cube A unit cube, more formally a cube of side 1, is a cube whose sides are 1 unit long.. See in particulap. 671. The volume of a 3-dimensional unit cube is 1 cubic unit, and its total surface area is 6 square units.. Unit hypercube The term '' ...

. * ''Mathematics:'' the number system understood by most computers, the

binary Binary may refer to: Science and technology Mathematics * Binary number, a representation of numbers using only two digits (0 and 1) * Binary function, a function that takes two arguments * Binary operation, a mathematical operation that ta ...

system, uses 2 digits: 0 and 1. *''Mathematics:'' ≈ 2.236 067 9775, the correspondent to the diagonal of a rectangle whose side lengths are 1 and 2. *''Mathematics:'' + 1 ≈ , The ratio of smaller of the two quantities to the larger quantity is the same as the ratio of the larger quantity to the sum of the smaller quantity and twice the larger quantity. * ''Mathematics:'' e ≈ , the base of the natural logarithm. * ''Mathematics:'' the number system understood by ternary computers, the ternary system, uses 3 digits: 0, 1, and 2. * ''Religion:'' three manifestations of God in the Christian

Trinity The Christian doctrine of the Trinity (, from 'threefold') is the central dogma concerning the nature of God in most Christian churches, which defines one God existing in three coequal, coeternal, consubstantial divine persons: God th ...

. * ''Mathematics:'' π ≈ , the ratio of a

circle A circle is a shape consisting of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the centre. Equivalently, it is the curve traced out by a point that moves in a plane so that its distance from a given point is con ...

's circumference to its diameter. * ''Religion:'' the Four Noble Truths in Buddhism. * ''Biology:'' 7 ± 2, in cognitive science, George A. Miller's estimate of the number of objects that can be simultaneously held in human working memory. * ''Music'': 7 notes in a major or

minor scale In music theory, the minor scale is three scale patterns – the natural minor scale (or Aeolian mode), the harmonic minor scale, and the melodic minor scale (ascending or descending) – rather than just two as with the major scale, which ...

. * ''Astronomy:'' 8 planets in the

Solar System The Solar System Capitalization of the name varies. The International Astronomical Union, the authoritative body regarding astronomical nomenclature, specifies capitalizing the names of all individual astronomical objects but uses mixed "Solar ...

. * ''Religion:'' the

Eightfold Path The Noble Eightfold Path (Pali: ; Sanskrit: ) is an early summary of the path of Buddhist practices leading to liberation from samsara, the painful cycle of rebirth, in the form of nirvana. The Eightfold Path consists of eight practices: ...

in Buddhism. * ''Literature:'' 9 circles of Hell in the ''

Inferno Inferno may refer to: * Hell, an afterlife place of suffering * Conflagration, a large uncontrolled fire Film * ''L'Inferno'', a 1911 Italian film * Inferno (1953 film), ''Inferno'' (1953 film), a film noir by Roy Ward Baker * Inferno (1973 fi ...

'' by

Dante Alighieri Dante Alighieri (; – 14 September 1321), probably baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri and often referred to as Dante (, ), was an Italian poet, writer and philosopher. His ''Divine Comedy'', originally called (modern Italian: '' ...

10¹

(10; ten) ISO:

deca- ''Deca'' (American and British English spelling differences#-re, -er, International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures;

(da) * ''Demography:'' The population of Pesnopoy, a village in

Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedo ...

, was 10 in 2007. * ''Human scale:'' There are 10 digits on a pair of human hands, and 10

toe Toes are the digits (fingers) of the foot of a tetrapod. Animal species such as cats that walk on their toes are described as being ''digitigrade''. Humans, and other animals that walk on the soles of their feet, are described as being ''plan ...

s on a pair of human

feet The foot ( : feet) is an anatomical structure found in many vertebrates. It is the terminal portion of a limb which bears weight and allows locomotion. In many animals with feet, the foot is a separate organ at the terminal part of the leg made ...

. * ''Mathematics:'' The number system used in everyday life, the decimal system, has 10 digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. * ''Religion:'' the

Ten Commandments The Ten Commandments (Biblical Hebrew עשרת הדברים \ עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים, ''aséret ha-dvarím'', lit. The Decalogue, The Ten Words, cf. Mishnaic Hebrew עשרת הדיברות \ עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדִּבְ ...

in the

Abrahamic religions The Abrahamic religions are a group of religions centered around worship of the God of Abraham. Abraham, a Hebrew patriarch, is extensively mentioned throughout Abrahamic religious scriptures such as the Bible and the Quran. Jewish tradition ...

. * ''Music:'' The number of notes (12) in a

chromatic scale The chromatic scale (or twelve-tone scale) is a set of twelve pitches (more completely, pitch classes) used in tonal music, with notes separated by the interval of a semitone. Chromatic instruments, such as the piano, are made to produce th ...

. * ''Astrology:'' There are 12 zodiac signs, each one representing part of the annual path of the sun's movement across the night sky. * ''Computing – Microsoft Windows:'' Twelve successive consumer versions of Windows NT have been released as of December 2021. * ''Music:'' The number (15) of completed, numbered string quartets by each of Ludwig van Beethoven and Dmitri Shostakovich. * ''Linguistics:'' The

Finnish language Finnish ( endonym: or ) is a Uralic language of the Finnic branch, spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns outside of Finland. Finnish is one of the two official languages of Finland (the other being Swedis ...

has fifteen

noun A noun () is a word that generally functions as the name of a specific object or set of objects, such as living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, or ideas.Example nouns for: * Living creatures (including people, alive, ...

cases. * ''Mathematics:'' The hexadecimal system, a common number system used in computer programming, uses 16 digits where the last 6 are usually represented by letters: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F. * ''Computing – Unicode:'' The minimum possible size of a

is 16 contiguous code points (i.e., U+''abcde''0 - U+''abcde''F). * ''Computing –

UTF-16 UTF-16 (16-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a character encoding capable of encoding all 1,112,064 valid code points of Unicode (in fact this number of code points is dictated by the design of UTF-16). The encoding is variable-length, as cod ...

:'' There are 17 addressable planes in UTF-16, and, thus, as Unicode is limited to the UTF-16 code space, 17 valid planes in Unicode. * ''Science fiction:'' The

23 enigma The 23 enigma is a belief in the significance of the number 23. Origins Robert Anton Wilson cites William S. Burroughs as the first person to believe in the 23 enigma. Wilson, in an article in '' Fortean Times'', related the following anecdote ...

plays a prominent role in the plot of ''

The Illuminatus! Trilogy ''The Illuminatus! Trilogy'' is a series of three novels by American writers Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson, first published in 1975.''Illuminatus!'' was written between 1969 and 1971, but not published until 1975 according to Robert Anto ...

'' by

Robert Shea Robert Joseph Shea (February 14, 1933 – March 10, 1994) was an American novelist and former journalist best known as co-author with Robert Anton Wilson of the science fantasy trilogy '' Illuminatus!'' It became a cult success and was later turne ...

and Robert Anton Wilson. * ''Mathematics:'' e ≈ 23.140692633 * ''Music:'' a combined total of 24 major and minor keys, also the number of works in some musical cycles of J. S. Bach, Frédéric Chopin, Alexander Scriabin, and Dmitri Shostakovich. * ''Alphabetic writing:'' There are 26 letters in the Latin-derived

English alphabet The alphabet for Modern English is a Latin-script alphabet consisting of 26 letters, each having an upper- and lower-case form. The word ''alphabet'' is a compound of the first two letters of the Greek alphabet, ''alpha'' and '' beta''. ...

(excluding letters found only in foreign loanwords). * ''Science fiction:'' The number 42, in by

Douglas Adams Douglas Noel Adams (11 March 1952 – 11 May 2001) was an English author and screenwriter, best known for ''The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy''. Originally a 1978 The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (radio series), BBC radio comedy, ''The H ...

, is the

Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything Answer commonly refers to response to a question. Answer may also refer to: * Answer (law), any reply to a question, counter-statement or defense in a legal procedure Music * Answer, an element of a fugue Albums * ''Answer'' (Angela Aki albu ...

which is calculated by an enormous supercomputer over a period of 7.5 million years. * ''Biology:'' Each human cell contains 46

chromosome A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins are ...

s. * ''Phonology:'' There are 47

phoneme In phonology and linguistics, a phoneme () is a unit of sound that can distinguish one word from another in a particular language. For example, in most dialects of English, with the notable exception of the West Midlands and the north-wes ...

s in

English phonology Like many other languages, English has wide variation in pronunciation, both historically and from dialect to dialect. In general, however, the regional dialects of English share a largely similar (but not identical) phonological system. Amon ...

Received Pronunciation Received Pronunciation (RP) is the accent traditionally regarded as the standard and most prestigious form of spoken British English. For over a century, there has been argument over such questions as the definition of RP, whether it is geog ...

. * ''Syllabic writing:'' There are 49 letters in each of the two

kana The term may refer to a number of syllabaries used to write Japanese phonological units, morae. Such syllabaries include (1) the original kana, or , which were Chinese characters (kanji) used phonetically to transcribe Japanese, the most p ...

syllabaries (

hiragana is a Japanese syllabary, part of the Japanese writing system, along with ''katakana'' as well as ''kanji''. It is a phonetic lettering system. The word ''hiragana'' literally means "flowing" or "simple" kana ("simple" originally as contrast ...

and

katakana is a Japanese syllabary, one component of the Japanese writing system along with hiragana, kanji and in some cases the Latin script (known as rōmaji). The word ''katakana'' means "fragmentary kana", as the katakana characters are derived f ...

) used to represent

Japanese Japanese may refer to: * Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia * Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan * Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture ** Japanese diaspor ...

(not counting letters representing sound patterns that have never occurred in Japanese). * ''

Chess Chess is a board game for two players, called White and Black, each controlling an army of chess pieces in their color, with the objective to checkmate the opponent's king. It is sometimes called international chess or Western chess to dist ...

:'' Either player in a chess game can claim a draw if 50 consecutive moves are made by each side without any captures or pawn moves. * ''Demography:'' The population of Nassau Island, part of the

Cook Islands ) , image_map = Cook Islands on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg , capital = Avarua , coordinates = , largest_city = Avarua , official_languages = , lan ...

, was around 78 in 2016. * ''Syllabic writing:'' There are 85 letters in the modern version of the

Cherokee syllabary The Cherokee syllabary is a syllabary invented by Sequoyah in the late 1810s and early 1820s to write the Cherokee language. His creation of the syllabary is particularly noteworthy as he was illiterate until the creation of his syllabary. He ...

. * ''Music:'' There are 88 keys on a grand piano. * ''Computing –

ASCII ASCII ( ), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication. ASCII codes represent text in computers, telecommunications equipment, and other devices. Because ...

:'' There are 95 printable characters in the

character set Character encoding is the process of assigning numbers to graphical characters, especially the written characters of human language, allowing them to be stored, transmitted, and transformed using digital computers. The numerical values tha ...

10²

(100;

hundred 100 or one hundred (Roman numeral: C) is the natural number following 99 and preceding 101. In medieval contexts, it may be described as the short hundred or five score in order to differentiate the English and Germanic use of "hundred" to des ...

) ISO:

hecto- ''Hecto'' (symbol: h) is a decimal unit prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one hundred. It was adopted as a multiplier in 1795, and comes from the Greek , meaning "hundred". In 19th century English it was sometimes spelled "hecato", ...

(h) * ''Music:'' There are 104 numbered symphonies of Franz Josef Haydn. * ''European history:'' Groupings of 100 homesteads were a common administrative unit in Northern Europe and Great Britain (see Hundred (county division)). * ''Religion:'' 108 is a sacred number in

Hinduism Hinduism () is an Indian religion or '' dharma'', a religious and universal order or way of life by which followers abide. As a religion, it is the world's third-largest, with over 1.2–1.35 billion followers, or 15–16% of the global p ...

. * ''Chemistry:'' 118

chemical element A chemical element is a species of atoms that have a given number of protons in their nuclei, including the pure substance consisting only of that species. Unlike chemical compounds, chemical elements cannot be broken down into simpler sub ...

s have been discovered or synthesized as of 2016. * ''Computing – ASCII:'' There are 128 characters in the

character set, including nonprintable

control character In computing and telecommunication, a control character or non-printing character (NPC) is a code point (a number) in a character set, that does not represent a written symbol. They are used as in-band signaling to cause effects other than the ...

s. * ''Phonology:'' The Taa language is estimated to have between 130 and 164 distinct phonemes. * ''Political Science:'' There were 193 member states of the

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmoniz ...

as of 2011. * ''Computing:'' A GIF image (or an 8-bit image) supports maximum 256 (=2⁸) colors. * ''Computing – Unicode:'' There are 320 different

s as of Unicode 14.0 (2021). * ''Aviation:'' 583 persons died in the 1977

Tenerife airport disaster The Tenerife airport disaster occurred on March 27, 1977, when two Boeing 747 passenger jets collided on the runway at Los Rodeos Airport (now Tenerife North Airport) on the Spanish island of Tenerife. The collision occurred when KLM Flight 4 ...

, the deadliest accident not caused by deliberate terrorist action in the history of civil aviation. * ''Music:'' The highest number (626) in the

Köchel catalogue The Köchel catalogue (german: Köchel-Verzeichnis, links=no) is a chronological catalogue of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, originally created by Ludwig Ritter von Köchel, in which the entries are abbreviated ''K.'', or ''KV''. The n ...

of works of

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...

. * ''Demography:'' The

Vatican City Vatican City (), officially the Vatican City State ( it, Stato della Città del Vaticano; la, Status Civitatis Vaticanae),—' * german: Vatikanstadt, cf. '—' (in Austria: ') * pl, Miasto Watykańskie, cf. '—' * pt, Cidade do Vati ...

, the least populous independent country, has an approximate population of 800 as of 2018.

10³

(;

thousand 1000 or one thousand is the natural number following 999 and preceding 1001. In most English-speaking countries, it can be written with or without a comma or sometimes a period separating the thousands digit: 1,000. A group of one thousand th ...

) ISO: kilo- (k) * ''Demography:'' The population of Ascension Island is 1,122. * ''Music:'' 1,128: number of known extant works by

Johann Sebastian Bach Johann Sebastian Bach (28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque period. He is known for his orchestral music such as the '' Brandenburg Concertos''; instrumental compositions such as the Cello Suites; keyboard wo ...

recognized in the

Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis The (BWV; ; ) is a catalogue of compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach. It was first published in 1950, edited by Wolfgang Schmieder. The catalogue's second edition appeared in 1990. An abbreviated version of that second edition, known as BWV ...

as of 2017. * ''Typesetting:'' 2,000–3,000 letters on a typical typed

page Page most commonly refers to: * Page (paper), one side of a leaf of paper, as in a book Page, PAGE, pages, or paging may also refer to: Roles * Page (assistance occupation), a professional occupation * Page (servant), traditionally a young m ...

of text. * ''Mathematics:'' 2,520 (5×7×8×9 or 2³×3²×5×7) is the least common multiple of every positive integer under (and including) 10. * ''Terrorism:'' 2,996 persons (including 19 terrorists) died in the

terrorist Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of criminal violence to provoke a state of terror or fear, mostly with the intention to achieve political or religious aims. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violen ...

attacks of

September 11, 2001 The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated suicide terrorist attacks carried out by al-Qaeda against the United States on Tuesday, September 11, 2001. That morning, nineteen terrorists hijacked four commerc ...

. * ''Biology:'' the DNA of the simplest

virus A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsk ...

es has 3,000 base pairs. * ''Military history'': 4,200 (Republic) or 5,200 (Empire) was the standard size of a

Roman legion The Roman legion ( la, legiō, ) was the largest military unit of the Roman army, composed of 5,200 infantry and 300 equites (cavalry) in the period of the Roman Republic (509 BC–27 BC) and of 5,600 infantry and 200 auxilia in the period o ...

. * ''Linguistics:'' Estimates for the linguistic diversity of living human languages or dialects range between 5,000 and 10,000. ( SIL Ethnologue in 2009 listed 6,909 known living languages.) *''Astronomy – Catalogues:'' There are 7,840 deep-sky objects in the NGC Catalogue from 1888. * ''Lexicography:'' 8,674 unique words in the

Hebrew Bible The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh (;"Tanach"
'' ten thousand The Ten Thousand ( grc, οἱ Μύριοι, ''oi Myrioi'') were a force of mercenary units, mainly Greeks, employed by Cyrus the Younger to attempt to wrest the throne of the Persian Empire from his brother, Artaxerxes II. Their march to the Bat ...

or a myriad) * ''Biology:'' Each

neuron A neuron, neurone, or nerve cell is an electrically excitable cell that communicates with other cells via specialized connections called synapses. The neuron is the main component of nervous tissue in all animals except sponges and placozoa. ...

in the

human brain The human brain is the central organ (anatomy), organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system. The brain consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. It controls most of the act ...

is estimated to connect to 10,000 others. * ''Demography:'' The population of

Tuvalu Tuvalu ( or ; formerly known as the Ellice Islands) is an island country and microstate in the Polynesian subregion of Oceania in the Pacific Ocean. Its islands are situated about midway between Hawaii and Australia. They lie east-nor ...

was 10,544 in 2007. * ''Lexicography:'' 14,500 unique English words occur in the

King James Version The King James Version (KJV), also the King James Bible (KJB) and the Authorized Version, is an Bible translations into English, English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, which was commissioned in 1604 and publis ...

of the Bible. *''Zoology:'' There are approximately 17,500 distinct butterfly species known. * ''Language:'' There are 20,000–40,000 distinct

Chinese character Chinese characters () are logograms developed for the writing of Chinese. In addition, they have been adapted to write other East Asian languages, and remain a key component of the Japanese writing system where they are known as ''kanj ...

s in more than occasional use. * ''Biology:'' Each human being is estimated to have 20,000 coding genes. * ''Grammar:'' Each regular

verb A verb () is a word ( part of speech) that in syntax generally conveys an action (''bring'', ''read'', ''walk'', ''run'', ''learn''), an occurrence (''happen'', ''become''), or a state of being (''be'', ''exist'', ''stand''). In the usual descr ...

Cherokee The Cherokee (; chr, ᎠᏂᏴᏫᏯᎢ, translit=Aniyvwiyaʔi or Anigiduwagi, or chr, ᏣᎳᎩ, links=no, translit=Tsalagi) are one of the indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands of the United States. Prior to the 18th century, t ...

can have 21,262 inflected forms. * ''War:'' 22,717 Union and Confederate soldiers were killed, wounded, or missing in the Battle of Antietam, the bloodiest single day of battle in American history. * ''Computing – Unicode:'' 42,720 characters are encoded in CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B, the most of any single public-use

as of Unicode 14.0 (2021). * ''Aviation:'' , 44,000+ airframes have been built of the Cessna 172, the most-produced aircraft in history. * ''Computing - Fonts:'' The maximum possible number of glyphs in a

TrueType TrueType is an outline font standard developed by Apple in the late 1980s as a competitor to Adobe's Type 1 fonts used in PostScript. It has become the most common format for fonts on the classic Mac OS, macOS, and Microsoft Windows operating ...

or OpenType font is 65,535 (2¹⁶-1), the largest number representable by the 16-bit unsigned integer used to record the total number of glyphs in the font. * ''Computing – Unicode:'' A plane contains 65,536 (2¹⁶) code points; this is also the maximum size of a

, and the total number of code points available in the obsolete

UCS-2 The Universal Coded Character Set (UCS, Unicode) is a standard set of characters defined by the international standard ISO/IEC 10646, ''Information technology — Universal Coded Character Set (UCS)'' (plus amendments to that standard), w ...

encoding. * ''Mathematics:''

65,537 65537 is the integer after 65536 and before 65538. In mathematics 65537 is the largest known prime number of the form 2^ +1 (n = 4). Therefore, a regular polygon with 65537 sides is constructible with compass and unmarked straightedge. Johann ...

is the largest known

Fermat prime In mathematics, a Fermat number, named after Pierre de Fermat, who first studied them, is a positive integer of the form :F_ = 2^ + 1, where ''n'' is a non-negative integer. The first few Fermat numbers are: : 3, 5, 17, 257, 65537, 429496 ...

. * ''Memory:'' , the largest number of decimal places of π that have been recited from

memory Memory is the faculty of the mind by which data or information is encoded, stored, and retrieved when needed. It is the retention of information over time for the purpose of influencing future action. If past events could not be remembered ...

is 70,030.

10⁵

Woman with long brown hair, close-up view

(; one hundred thousand or a lakh). * ''Demography:'' The population of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines was 100,982 in 2009. * ''Biology – Strands of hair on a head:'' The average human head has about 100,000–150,000 strands of hair. * ''Literature:'' approximately 100,000 verses (

shloka Shloka or śloka ( sa, श्लोक , from the root , Macdonell, Arthur A., ''A Sanskrit Grammar for Students'', Appendix II, p. 232 (Oxford University Press, 3rd edition, 1927). in a broader sense, according to Monier-Williams's dictionary, is ...

s) in the ''

Mahabharata The ''Mahābhārata'' ( ; sa, महाभारतम्, ', ) is one of the two major Sanskrit literature, Sanskrit Indian epic poetry, epics of ancient India in Hinduism, the other being the ''Ramayana, Rāmāyaṇa''. It narrates the s ...

''. * ''Computing – Unicode:'' 144,762 characters (including control characters) encoded in Unicode as of version 14.0 (2021). * ''Language:'' 267,000 words in

James Joyce James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish novelist, poet, and literary critic. He contributed to the modernist avant-garde movement and is regarded as one of the most influential and important writers of ...

's '' Ulysses''. * ''Computing – Unicode:'' 288,512 code points assigned to a

as of Unicode 14.0. * ''Mathematics:'' 294,000 – The approximate number of entries in The

On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS) is an online database of integer sequences. It was created and maintained by Neil Sloane while researching at AT&T Labs. He transferred the intellectual property and hosting of the OEIS to t ...

. * ''Genocide:'' 300,000 people killed in the

Rape of Nanking The Nanjing Massacre (, ja, 南京大虐殺, Nankin Daigyakusatsu) or the Rape of Nanjing (formerly romanized as ''Nanking'') was the mass murder of Chinese civilians in Nanjing, the capital of the Republic of China, immediately after the Ba ...

. * ''Language – English words:'' The New Oxford Dictionary of English contains about 360,000 definitions for English

word A word is a basic element of language that carries an objective or practical meaning, can be used on its own, and is uninterruptible. Despite the fact that language speakers often have an intuitive grasp of what a word is, there is no conse ...

s. * ''Biology – Plants:'' There are approximately 390,000 distinct plant species known, of which approximately 20% (or 78,000) are in risk of extinction. *''Biology – Flowers:'' There are approximately 400,000 distinct flower species on Earth. * ''Literature:'' 564,000 words in ''

War and Peace ''War and Peace'' (russian: Война и мир, translit=Voyna i mir; pre-reform Russian: ; ) is a literary work by the Russian author Leo Tolstoy that mixes fictional narrative with chapters on history and philosophy. It was first published ...

'' by Leo Tolstoy. * ''Literature:'' 930,000 words in the

of the Bible. * ''Mathematics:'' There are 933,120 possible combinations on the Pyraminx. * ''Computing – Unicode:'' There are 974,530 publicly-assignable code points (i.e., not surrogates, private-use code points, or noncharacters) in Unicode.

10⁶

(; 1000²;

: one million) ISO: mega- (M) * ''Demography:'' The population of Riga, Latvia was 1,003,949 in 2004, according to Eurostat. * ''Computing –

UTF-8 UTF-8 is a variable-length character encoding used for electronic communication. Defined by the Unicode Standard, the name is derived from ''Unicode'' (or ''Universal Coded Character Set'') ''Transformation Format 8-bit''. UTF-8 is capable of ...

:'' There are 1,112,064 (2²⁰ + 2¹⁶ - 2¹¹) valid

sequences (excluding overlong sequences and sequences corresponding to code points used for

surrogates or code points beyond U+10FFFF). * ''Computing –

/Unicode:'' There are 1,114,112 (2²⁰ + 2¹⁶) distinct values encodable in

, and, thus (as Unicode is currently limited to the UTF-16 code space), 1,114,112 valid code points in Unicode (1,112,064 scalar values and 2,048 surrogates). *''Ludology – Number of games:'' Approximately 1,181,019 video games have been created as of 2019. * ''Biology – Species:'' The

World Resources Institute The World Resources Institute (WRI) is a global research non-profit organization established in 1982 with funding from the MacArthur Foundation under the leadership of James Gustave Speth. WRI's activities are focused on seven areas: food, for ...

claims that approximately 1.4 million

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

have been named, out of an unknown number of total species (estimates range between 2 and 100 million species). Some scientists give 8.8 million species as an exact figure. * ''Genocide:'' Approximately 800,000–1,500,000 (1.5 million)

Armenians Armenians ( hy, հայեր, '' hayer'' ) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian highlands of Western Asia. Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the ''de facto'' independent Artsakh. There is a wide-ranging diasp ...

were killed in the Armenian genocide. * ''Linguistics:'' The number of possible conjugations for each verb in the Archi language is 1,502,839. * ''Info:'' The

freedb Freedb was a database of compact disc track listings, where all the content was under the GNU General Public License. To look up CD information over the Internet, a client program calculated a hash function from the CD table of contents and used ...

database of CD track listings has around 1,750,000 entries . * ''War:'' 1,857,619 casualties at the Battle of Stalingrad. * ''Computing – UTF-8:'' 2,164,864 (2²¹ + 2¹⁶ + 2¹¹ + 2⁷) possible one- to four-byte UTF-8 sequences, if the restrictions on overlong sequences, surrogate code points, and code points beyond U+10FFFF are ''not'' adhered to. (Note that not all of these correspond to unique code points.) * ''Mathematics – Playing cards:'' There are 2,598,960 different 5-card

poker hand In poker, players form sets of five playing cards, called ''hands'', according to the rules of the game. Each hand has a rank, which is compared against the ranks of other hands participating in the showdown to decide who wins the pot. In high ...

s that can be dealt from a standard 52-card deck. * ''Mathematics:'' There are 3,149,280 possible positions for the Skewb. *''Mathematics – Rubik's Cube:'' 3,674,160 is the number of combinations for the

Pocket Cube The 2x2 Rubik's Cube (also known as the Pocket Cube or Mini Cube) is a 2×2×2 version of the Rubik's Cube. The cube consists of 8 pieces, all corners. History In March 1970, Larry D. Nichols invented a 2×2×2 "Puzzle with Pieces Rotatable in G ...

(2×2×2 Rubik's Cube). * ''Geography/Computing – Geographic places:'' The NIMA

GEOnet Names Server The GEOnet Names Server (GNS), sometimes also referred to in official documentation as Geographic Names Data or geonames in domain and email addresses, is a service that provides access to the United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency ...

contains approximately 3.88 million named geographic features outside the United States, with 5.34 million names. The USGS

Geographic Names Information System The Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) is a database of name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features throughout the United States and its territories, Antarctica, and the associated states of ...

claims to have almost 2 million physical and cultural geographic features within the United States. * ''Computing - Supercomputer hardware:'' 4,981,760 processor cores in the final configuration of the Tianhe-2 supercomputer. * ''Genocide:'' Approximately 5,100,000–6,200,000

Jews Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...

were killed in

the Holocaust The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; ...

. * ''Info – Web sites:'' As of , , the

English Wikipedia The English Wikipedia is, along with the Simple English Wikipedia, one of two English-language editions of Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia. It was founded on January 15, 2001, as Wikipedia's first edition, and, as of , has the most arti ...

contains approximately million articles in the

English language English is a West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family, with its earliest forms spoken by the inhabitants of early medieval England. It is named after the Angles, one of the ancient Germanic peoples that migrated to the ...

10⁷

(; a crore;

: ten million) * ''Demography:'' The population of Haiti was 10,085,214 in 2010. * ''Literature:'' 11,206,310 words in ''Devta'' by Mohiuddin Nawab, the longest continuously published story known in the history of literature. * ''Genocide'': An estimated 12 million persons shipped from Africa to the New World in the Atlantic slave trade. * ''Mathematics:'' 12,988,816 is the number of domino tilings of an 8×8 checkerboard. * ''War:'' 15 to 22 million casualties estimated as a result of

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

. * ''Genocide/Famine:'' 15 million is an estimated lower bound for the death toll of the 1959–1961 Great Chinese Famine, the deadliest known famine in human history. * ''Computing:'' 16,777,216 different

color Color (American English) or colour (British English) is the visual perceptual property deriving from the spectrum of light interacting with the photoreceptor cells of the eyes. Color categories and physical specifications of color are assoc ...

s can be generated using the hex code system in

HTML The HyperText Markup Language or HTML is the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. It can be assisted by technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and scripting languages such as JavaSc ...

(note that the

trichromatic Trichromacy or trichromatism is the possessing of three independent channels for conveying color information, derived from the three different types of cone cells in the eye. Organisms with trichromacy are called trichromats. The normal expl ...

color vision of the human eye can only distinguish between about an estimated 1,000,000 different colors). * ''Science Fiction'': In Isaac Asimov's Galactic Empire, in 22,500 CE, there are 25,000,000 different inhabited planets in the Galactic Empire, all inhabited by

human Humans (''Homo sapiens'') are the most abundant and widespread species of primate, characterized by bipedalism and exceptional cognitive skills due to a large and complex brain. This has enabled the development of advanced tools, cultu ...

s in Asimov's "human galaxy" scenario. * ''Genocide/Famine:'' 55 million is an estimated upper bound for the death toll of the Great Chinese Famine. * ''Literature:''

Wikipedia Wikipedia is a multilingual free online encyclopedia written and maintained by a community of volunteers, known as Wikipedians, through open collaboration and using a wiki-based editing system. Wikipedia is the largest and most-read refer ...

contains a total of around articles in languages as of . * ''War:'' 70 to 85 million casualties estimated as a result of

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...

. * ''Mathematics:'' 73,939,133 is the largest right-truncatable prime.

10⁸

(;

: one hundred million) * ''Demography:'' The population of the

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

was 100,981,437 in 2015. * ''Internet – YouTube:'' The number of

YouTube YouTube is a global online video sharing and social media platform headquartered in San Bruno, California. It was launched on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim. It is owned by Google, and is the second mo ...

channels is estimated to be 113.9 million. * ''Info – Books:'' The

British Library The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom and is one of the largest libraries in the world. It is estimated to contain between 170 and 200 million items from many countries. As a legal deposit library, the British ...

claims that it holds over 150 million items. The

Library of Congress The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the country. The library ...

claims that it holds approximately 148 million items. See ''

The Gutenberg Galaxy ''The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man'' is a 1962 book by Marshall McLuhan, in which the author analyzes the effects of mass media, especially the printing press, on European culture and human consciousness. It popularized the te ...

''. * ''Video gaming:'' , approximately 200 million copies of ''

Minecraft ''Minecraft'' is a sandbox game developed by Mojang Studios. The game was created by Markus "Notch" Persson in the Java (programming language), Java programming language. Following several early private testing versions, it was first made pub ...

'' (the most-sold video game in history) have been sold. * ''Mathematics:'' More than 215,000,000 mathematical constants are collected on the Plouffe's Inverter . * ''Mathematics:'' 275,305,224 is the number of 5×5 normal magic squares, not counting rotations and reflections. This result was found in 1973 by Richard Schroeppel. *''Demography:'' The population of the United States was 328,239,523 in 2019. * ''Mathematics:'' 358,833,097 stellations of the

rhombic triacontahedron In geometry, the rhombic triacontahedron, sometimes simply called the triacontahedron as it is the most common thirty-faced polyhedron, is a convex polyhedron with 30 rhombic faces. It has 60 edges and 32 vertices of two types. It is a Ca ...

. * ''Info – Web sites:'' , the

Netcraft Netcraft is an Internet services company based in Bath, Somerset, England. The company provides cybercrime disruption services across a range of industries. History Netcraft was founded by Mike Prettejohn. The company provides web server and ...

web survey estimates that there are 525,998,433 (526 million) distinct

website A website (also written as a web site) is a collection of web pages and related content that is identified by a common domain name and published on at least one web server. Examples of notable websites are Google, Facebook, Amazon, and Wi ...

s. * ''Astronomy – Cataloged stars:'' The Guide Star Catalog II has entries on 998,402,801 distinct astronomical objects.

10⁹

(; 1000³; short scale: one

billion Billion is a word for a large number, and it has two distinct definitions: *1,000,000,000, i.e. one thousand million, or (ten to the ninth power), as defined on the short scale. This is its only current meaning in English. * 1,000,000,000,000, i. ...

; long scale: one thousand million, or one milliard) ISO:

giga- Giga ( or ) is a unit prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of a short-scale billion or long-scale milliard (109 or ). It has the symbol G. ''Giga'' is derived from the Greek word (''gígas''), meaning "giant". The ''Oxford English Dic ...

(G) * ''Demography:'' The population of

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

reached 1,000,000,000 sometime in 2009. * ''Demographics – India:'' 1,381,000,000 – approximate population of

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

in 2020. *''Transportation – Cars:'' , there are approximately 1.4 billion cars in the world, corresponding to around 18% of the human population. * ''Demographics – China:'' 1,439,000,000 – approximate population of the

People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

in 2020. *''Internet – Google:'' There are more than 1,500,000,000 active Gmail users globally. * ''Internet:'' Approximately 1,500,000,000 active users were on

Facebook Facebook is an online social media and social networking service owned by American company Meta Platforms. Founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg with fellow Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Mosk ...

as of October 2015. * ''Computing – Computational limit of a 32-bit CPU'': 2,147,483,647 is equal to 2³¹−1, and as such is the largest number which can fit into a signed (

two's complement Two's complement is a mathematical operation to reversibly convert a positive binary number into a negative binary number with equivalent (but negative) value, using the binary digit with the greatest place value (the leftmost bit in big- endian ...

) 32-bit integer on a computer. * ''Computing – UTF-8:'' 2,147,483,648 (2³¹) possible code points (U+0000 - U+7FFFFFFF) in the pre-2003 version of

(including five- and six-byte sequences), before the UTF-8 code space was limited to the much smaller set of values encodable in

. * ''Biology – base pairs in the genome:'' approximately 3.3 base pairs in the human

genome In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism. It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The nuclear genome includes protein-coding genes and non-coding g ...

. * ''Linguistics'': 3,400,000,000 – the total number of speakers of

Indo-European languages The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent. Some European languages of this family, English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Dutc ...

, of which 2,400,000,000 are native speakers; the other 1,000,000,000 speak Indo-European languages as a second language. * ''Mathematics'' and ''computing'':

4,294,967,295 The number 4,294,967,295 is an integer equal to 2 − 1. It is a perfect totient number. It follows 4,294,967,294 and precedes 4,294,967,296. It has a factorization of 3 \cdot 5 \cdot 17 \cdot 257 \cdot 65537. It is the highest unsigne ...

(2³² − 1), the product of the five known Fermat primes and the maximum value for a 32-bit

unsigned integer In computer science, an integer is a datum of integral data type, a data type that represents some range of mathematical integers. Integral data types may be of different sizes and may or may not be allowed to contain negative values. Integers are ...

in computing. * ''Computing – IPv4:'' 4,294,967,296 (2³²) possible unique IP addresses. * ''Computing:'' 4,294,967,296 – the number of bytes in 4

gibibyte The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits. Historically, the byte was the number of bits used to encode a single character of text in a computer and for this reason it is the smallest addressable uni ...

s; in computation, 32-bit computers can directly access 2³² units (bytes) of address space, which leads directly to the 4-gigabyte limit on main memory. * ''Mathematics:'' 4,294,967,297 is a

Fermat number In mathematics, a Fermat number, named after Pierre de Fermat, who first studied them, is a positive integer of the form :F_ = 2^ + 1, where ''n'' is a non-negative integer. The first few Fermat numbers are: : 3, 5, 17, 257, 65537, 42949672 ...

and

semiprime In mathematics, a semiprime is a natural number that is the product of exactly two prime numbers. The two primes in the product may equal each other, so the semiprimes include the squares of prime numbers. Because there are infinitely many prime ...

. It is the smallest number of the form

2^+1

which is not a

prime number A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways ...

. * ''Demographics –

world population In demographics, the world population is the total number of humans currently living. It was estimated by the United Nations to have exceeded 8 billion in November 2022. It took over 200,000 years of human prehistory and history for th ...

:'' 8,000,000,000 – Estimated population for the world as of November 2022.

10¹⁰

(; short scale: ten

; long scale: ten thousand million, or ten milliard) * ''Biology – bacteria in the human body:'' There are roughly 10¹⁰

bacteria Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain (biology), domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometr ...

in the human mouth. * ''Computing – web pages:'' approximately 5.6 web pages indexed by

Google Google LLC () is an American Multinational corporation, multinational technology company focusing on Search Engine, search engine technology, online advertising, cloud computing, software, computer software, quantum computing, e-commerce, ar ...

as of 2010.

10¹¹

(; short scale: one hundred

; long scale: hundred thousand million, or hundred milliard) * ''Astronomy:'' There are 100 billion planets located in the Milky Way. * ''Biology – Neurons in the brain:'' approximately (1±0.2) × 10¹¹

s in the

. * ''Medicine:'' The United States

Food and Drug Administration The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or US FDA) is a List of United States federal agencies, federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, Department of Health and Human Services. The FDA is respon ...

requires a minimum of 3 x 10¹¹ (300 billion) platelets per

apheresis Apheresis ( ἀφαίρεσις (''aphairesis'', "a taking away")) is a medical technology in which the blood of a person is passed through an apparatus that separates out one particular constituent and returns the remainder to the circulation ...

unit. * ''

Paleodemography Prehistoric demography, palaeodemography or archaeological demography is the study of human and hominid demography in prehistory. More specifically, palaeodemography looks at the changes in pre-modern populations in order to determine something a ...

– Number of humans that have ever lived'': approximately (1.2±0.3) × 10¹¹ live births of

anatomically modern humans Early modern human (EMH) or anatomically modern human (AMH) are terms used to distinguish '' Homo sapiens'' (the only extant Hominina species) that are anatomically consistent with the range of phenotypes seen in contemporary humans from exti ...

since the beginning of the

Upper Paleolithic The Upper Paleolithic (or Upper Palaeolithic) is the third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age. Very broadly, it dates to between 50,000 and 12,000 years ago (the beginning of the Holocene), according to some theories coin ...

. * ''Astronomy – stars in our galaxy:'' of the order of 10¹¹ stars in the

Milky Way galaxy The Milky Way is the galaxy that includes our Solar System, with the name describing the galaxy's appearance from Earth: a hazy band of light seen in the night sky formed from stars that cannot be individually distinguished by the naked eye. ...

10¹²

(; 1000⁴; short scale: one trillion; long scale: one billion) ISO:

tera- A metric prefix is a unit prefix that precedes a basic unit of measure to indicate a multiple or submultiple of the unit. All metric prefixes used today are decadic. Each prefix has a unique symbol that is prepended to any unit symbol. The pr ...

(T) * ''Astronomy:''

Andromeda Galaxy The Andromeda Galaxy (IPA: ), also known as Messier 31, M31, or NGC 224 and originally the Andromeda Nebula, is a barred spiral galaxy with the diameter of about approximately from Earth and the nearest large galaxy to the Milky Way. The gal ...

, which is part of the same Local Group as our galaxy, contains about 10¹² stars. * ''Biology – Bacteria on the human body:'' The surface of the human body houses roughly 10¹²

. * ''Astronomy – Galaxies'': A 2016 estimate says there are 2 × 10¹² galaxies in the observable universe. * ''Biology – Blood cells in the human body:'' The average human body has 2.5 × 10¹² red blood cells. * ''Biology:'' An estimate says there were 3.04 × 10¹²

tree In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...

s on Earth in 2015. * ''Marine biology'': 3,500,000,000,000 (3.5 × 10¹²) – estimated population of

fish Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Approximately 95% of ...

in the ocean. IC 1101 in Abell 2029 (hst 06228 03 wfpc2 f702w pc)

* ''Mathematics'': 7,625,597,484,987 – a number that often appears when dealing with powers of 3. It can be expressed as

19683^3

27^9

3^

3^

and ³3 or when using

Knuth's up-arrow notation In mathematics, Knuth's up-arrow notation is a method of notation for very large integers, introduced by Donald Knuth in 1976. In his 1947 paper, R. L. Goodstein introduced the specific sequence of operations that are now called ''hyperoperati ...

it can be expressed as

3 \uparrow\uparrow 3

and

3 \uparrow\uparrow\uparrow 2

. * ''Astronomy:'' A light-year, as defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), is the distance that light travels in a vacuum in one year, which is equivalent to about 9.46 trillion

kilometer The kilometre ( SI symbol: km; or ), spelt kilometer in American English, is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one thousand metres (kilo- being the SI prefix for ). It is now the measurement unit used for ex ...

s (). * ''Mathematics:'' 10¹³ – The approximate number of known non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function . * ''Mathematics – Known digits of π:'' , the number of known digits of π is 31,415,926,535,897 (the integer part of π). * ''Biology'' – approximately 10¹⁴ synapses in the human brain. * ''Astronomy:''

IC 1101 IC 1101 is a class S0 supergiant ( cD) lenticular galaxy at the center of the Abell 2029 galaxy cluster. It has an isophotal diameter at about . It possesses a diffuse core which is the largest known core of any galaxy to date, and also hosts a ...

, a supergiant

elliptical galaxy An elliptical galaxy is a type of galaxy with an approximately ellipsoidal shape and a smooth, nearly featureless image. They are one of the four main classes of galaxy described by Edwin Hubble in his Hubble sequence and 1936 work ''The Real ...

located inside the Abell 2029 cluster, is estimated to have approximately 100 trillion (10¹⁴) stars inside the galaxy, making it the largest known galaxy in the

universe The universe is all of space and time and their contents, including planets, stars, galaxies, and all other forms of matter and energy. The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological description of the development of the universe. ...

. * ''Biology – Cells in the human body:'' The human body consists of roughly 10¹⁴ cells, of which only 10¹³ are human. The remaining 90% non-human cells (though much smaller and constituting much less mass) are

, which mostly reside in the gastrointestinal tract, although the skin is also covered in bacteria. * ''Cryptography:'' 150,738,274,937,250 configurations of the plug-board of the Enigma machine used by the Germans in WW2 to encode and decode messages by cipher. * ''Computing – MAC-48:'' 281,474,976,710,656 (2⁴⁸) possible unique

physical address In computing, a physical address (also real address, or binary address), is a memory address that is represented in the form of a binary number on the address bus circuitry in order to enable the data bus to access a ''particular'' storage cell ...

es. * ''Mathematics:'' 953,467,954,114,363 is the largest known Motzkin prime.

10¹⁵

(; 1000⁵; short scale: one

quadrillion Two naming scales for large numbers have been used in English and other European languages since the early modern era: the long and short scales. Most English variants use the short scale today, but the long scale remains dominant in many non-E ...

; long scale: one thousand billion, or one billiard) ISO:

peta- A metric prefix is a unit prefix that precedes a basic unit of measure to indicate a multiple or submultiple of the unit. All metric prefixes used today are decadic. Each prefix has a unique symbol that is prepended to any unit symbol. The pre ...

(P) * ''Biology – Insects'': 1,000,000,000,000,000 to 10,000,000,000,000,000 (10¹⁵ to 10¹⁶) – The estimated total number of

ant Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from vespoid wasp ancestors in the Cretaceous period. More than 13,800 of an estimated total of ...

s on Earth alive at any one time (their biomass is approximately equal to the total biomass of the

human species Humans (''Homo sapiens'') are the most abundant and widespread species of primate, characterized by bipedalism and exceptional cognitive skills due to a large and complex brain. This has enabled the development of advanced tools, culture, an ...

). * ''Computing:'' 9,007,199,254,740,992 (2⁵³) – number until which all integer values can exactly be represented in IEEE

double precision floating-point format Double-precision floating-point format (sometimes called FP64 or float64) is a floating-point number format, usually occupying 64 bits in computer memory; it represents a wide dynamic range of numeric values by using a floating radix point. Flo ...

. * ''Mathematics:'' 48,988,659,276,962,496 is the fifth taxicab number. * ''Science Fiction'': In Isaac Asimov's Galactic Empire, in what we call 22,500 CE, there are 25,000,000 different inhabited planets in the Galactic Empire, all inhabited by

s in Asimov's "human galaxy" scenario, each with an average population of 2,000,000,000, thus yielding a total Galactic Empire population of approximately 50,000,000,000,000,000. * ''Science Fiction'': There are approximately 10¹⁷ sentient beings in the '' Star Wars'' galaxy. * ''Cryptography:'' There are 2⁵⁶ = 72,057,594,037,927,936 different possible keys in the obsolete 56-bit DES symmetric cipher.

10¹⁸

(; 1000⁶; short scale: one

quintillion Two naming scales for large numbers have been used in English and other European languages since the early modern era: the long and short scales. Most English variants use the short scale today, but the long scale remains dominant in many non-E ...

; long scale: one trillion) ISO: exa- (E) * ''Mathematics:'' Goldbach's conjecture has been verified for all ''n'' ≤ 4 by a project which computed all prime numbers up to that limit. * ''Computing – Manufacturing:'' An estimated 6

transistor upright=1.4, gate (G), body (B), source (S) and drain (D) terminals. The gate is separated from the body by an insulating layer (pink). A transistor is a semiconductor device used to Electronic amplifier, amplify or electronic switch, switch ...

s were produced worldwide in 2008. * ''Computing – Computational limit of a 64-bit CPU'': 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 (about 9.22) is equal to 2⁶³−1, and as such is the largest number which can fit into a signed (

) 64-bit integer on a computer. * ''Mathematics – NCAA basketball tournament:'' There are 9,223,372,036,854,775,808 (2⁶³) possible ways to enter the bracket. * ''Mathematics – Bases:'' 9,439,829,801,208,141,318 (≈9.44) is the 10th and (by conjecture) largest number with more than one digit that can be written from base 2 to base 18 using only the digits 0 to 9, meaning the digits for 10 to 17 are not needed in bases above 10. * ''Biology – Insects:'' It has been estimated that the

insect Insects (from Latin ') are pancrustacean hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body ( head, thorax and abdomen), three ...

population of the Earth is about 10¹⁹. * ''Mathematics – Answer to the wheat and chessboard problem:'' When doubling the grains of wheat on each successive square of a chessboard, beginning with one grain of wheat on the first square, the final number of grains of wheat on all 64 squares of the chessboard when added up is 2⁶⁴−1 = 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 (≈1.84). * ''Mathematics – Legends:'' The

Tower of Brahma The Tower of Hanoi (also called The problem of Benares Temple or Tower of Brahma or Lucas' Tower and sometimes pluralized as Towers, or simply pyramid puzzle) is a mathematical game or puzzle consisting of three rods and a number of disks of va ...

legend A legend is a genre of folklore that consists of a narrative featuring human actions, believed or perceived, both by teller and listeners, to have taken place in human history. Narratives in this genre may demonstrate human values, and possess ...

tells about a

Hindu Hindus (; ) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism. Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pages 35–37 Historically, the term has also been used as a geographical, cultural, and later religious identifier for ...

temple containing a large room with three posts, on one of which are 64

gold Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from la, aurum) and atomic number 79. This makes it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally. It is a bright, slightly orange-yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile me ...

en discs, and the object of the

mathematical game A mathematical game is a game whose rules, strategies, and outcomes are defined by clear mathematical parameters. Often, such games have simple rules and match procedures, such as Tic-tac-toe and Dots and Boxes. Generally, mathematical games ne ...

is for the

Brahmins Brahmin (; sa, ब्राह्मण, brāhmaṇa) is a varna as well as a caste within Hindu society. The Brahmins are designated as the priestly class as they serve as priests ( purohit, pandit, or pujari) and religious teachers (guru ...

in this temple to move all of the discs to another pole so that they are in the same order, never placing a larger disc above a smaller disc, moving only one at a time. Using the simplest algorithm for moving the disks, it would take 2⁶⁴−1 = 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 (≈1.84) turns to complete the task (the same number as the wheat and chessboard problem above). * ''Computing –

IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol (IP), the communications protocol that provides an identification and location system for computers on networks and routes traffic across the Internet. IPv ...

:'' 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 (2⁶⁴; ≈1.84) possible unique /64 subnetworks. * ''Mathematics – Rubik's Cube:'' There are 43,252,003,274,489,856,000 (≈4.33) different positions of a 3×3×3 Rubik's Cube. * ''

Password strength Password strength is a measure of the effectiveness of a password against guessing or brute-force attacks. In its usual form, it estimates how many trials an attacker who does not have direct access to the password would need, on average, to gues ...

:'' Usage of the 95-character set found on standard computer keyboards for a 10-character

password A password, sometimes called a passcode (for example in Apple devices), is secret data, typically a string of characters, usually used to confirm a user's identity. Traditionally, passwords were expected to be memorized, but the large number of ...

yields a computationally intractable 59,873,693,923,837,890,625 (95¹⁰, approximately 5.99) permutations. * ''Economics:''

Hyperinflation in Zimbabwe Hyperinflation in Zimbabwe is an ongoing period of currency instability in Zimbabwe that, using Cagan's definition of hyperinflation, began in February 2007. During the height of inflation from 2008 to 2009, it was difficult to measure Zimbab ...

estimated in February 2009 by some economists at 10 sextillion percent, or a factor of 10²⁰.

10²¹

Sudoku Puzzle by L2G-20050714 solution standardized layout

(; 1000⁷; short scale: one sextillion; long scale: one thousand trillion, or one trilliard) ISO: zetta- (Z) * ''Geo – Grains of sand:'' All the world's beaches combined have been estimated to hold roughly 10²¹ grains of

sand Sand is a granular material composed of finely divided mineral particles. Sand has various compositions but is defined by its grain size. Sand grains are smaller than gravel and coarser than silt. Sand can also refer to a textural class o ...

. * ''Computing – Manufacturing:'' Intel predicted that there would be 1.2

s in the world by 2015 and Forbes estimated that 2.9 transistors had been shipped up to 2014. * ''Mathematics – Sudoku:'' There are 6,670,903,752,021,072,936,960 (≈6.7) 9×9

sudoku Sudoku (; ja, 数独, sūdoku, digit-single; originally called Number Place) is a logic-based, combinatorial number-placement puzzle. In classic Sudoku, the objective is to fill a 9 × 9 grid with digits so that each column, each row ...

grids. * ''Astronomy – Stars:'' 70 sextillion = 7, the estimated number of stars within range of

telescope A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Originally meaning only an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observ ...

s (as of 2003). * ''Astronomy – Stars:'' in the range of 10²³ to 10²⁴ stars in the observable universe. * ''Mathematics:'' 146,361,946,186,458,562,560,000 (≈1.5) is the fifth unitary perfect number. * ''Mathematics:'' 357,686,312,646,216,567,629,137 (≈3.6) is the largest left-truncatable prime. * ''Chemistry – Physics:'' The Avogadro constant () is the number of constituents (e.g. atoms or molecules) in one

mole Mole (or Molé) may refer to: Animals * Mole (animal) or "true mole", mammals in the family Talpidae, found in Eurasia and North America * Golden moles, southern African mammals in the family Chrysochloridae, similar to but unrelated to Talpida ...

of a substance, defined for convenience as expressing the order of magnitude separating the molecular from the

macroscopic scale The macroscopic scale is the length scale on which objects or phenomena are large enough to be visible with the naked eye, without magnifying optical instruments. It is the opposite of microscopic. Overview When applied to physical phenomena a ...

10²⁴

(; 1000⁸; short scale: one septillion; long scale: one quadrillion) ISO: yotta- (Y) * ''Mathematics:'' 2,833,419,889,721,787,128,217,599 (≈2.8) is the fifth

Woodall prime In number theory, a Woodall number (''W'n'') is any natural number of the form :W_n = n \cdot 2^n - 1 for some natural number ''n''. The first few Woodall numbers are: :1, 7, 23, 63, 159, 383, 895, … . History Woodall numbers were first st ...

. * ''Mathematics:'' 3,608,528,850,368,400,786,036,725 (≈3.6) is the largest

polydivisible number In mathematics a polydivisible number (or magic number) is a number in a given number base with digits ''abcde...'' that has the following properties: # Its first digit ''a'' is not 0. # The number formed by its first two digits ''ab'' is a mul ...

. * ''Mathematics:'' 2⁸⁶ = 77,371,252,455,336,267,181,195,264 is the largest known power of two not containing the digit '0' in its decimal representation.

10²⁷

(; 1000⁹; short scale: one octillion; long scale: one thousand quadrillion, or one quadrilliard) ISO:

ronna- A metric prefix is a unit prefix that precedes a basic unit of measure to indicate a multiple or submultiple of the unit. All metric prefixes used today are decadic. Each prefix has a unique symbol that is prepended to any unit symbol. The pre ...

(R) * ''Biology – Atoms in the human body:'' the average human body contains roughly 7

atom Every atom is composed of a nucleus and one or more electrons bound to the nucleus. The nucleus is made of one or more protons and a number of neutrons. Only the most common variety of hydrogen has no neutrons. Every solid, liquid, gas, ...

s. * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' the number of unique combinations of hands and shared cards in a 10-player game of Texas hold 'em is approximately 2.117.

10³⁰

(; 1000¹⁰; short scale: one nonillion; long scale: one

) ISO: quetta- (Q) * ''Biology – Bacterial cells on Earth:'' The number of

l cells on

Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. While large volumes of water can be found throughout the Solar System, only Earth sustains liquid surface water. About 71% of Earth's surfa ...

is estimated at 5,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, or 5 × 10³⁰. * ''Mathematics:'' 5,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,027 is the largest quasi-minimal prime. * ''Mathematics:'' The number of partitions of 1000 is 24,061,467,864,032,622,473,692,149,727,991. * ''Mathematics:'' 3⁶⁸ = 278,128,389,443,693,511,257,285,776,231,761 is the largest known

power of three In mathematics, a power of three is a number of the form where is an integer – that is, the result of exponentiation with number three as the base and integer as the exponent. Applications The powers of three give the place values in ...

not containing the digit '0' in its decimal representation. * ''Mathematics:'' 2¹⁰⁸ = 324,518,553,658,426,726,783,156,020,576,256 is the largest known power of two not containing the digit '9' in its decimal representation.

10³³

(; 1000¹¹; short scale: one decillion; long scale: one thousand quintillion, or one quintilliard) * ''Mathematics – Alexander's Star:'' There are 72,431,714,252,715,638,411,621,302,272,000,000 (about 7.24) different positions of Alexander's Star.

10³⁶

(; 1000¹²; short scale: one undecillion; long scale: one sextillion) * ''Physics'': '' k_e e² / Gm²'', the ratio of the

electromagnetic In physics, electromagnetism is an interaction that occurs between particles with electric charge. It is the second-strongest of the four fundamental interactions, after the strong force, and it is the dominant force in the interactions o ...

to the gravitational forces between two protons, is roughly 10³⁶. * ''Mathematics:'' 2^2⁷-1-1 = 170,141,183,460,469,231,731,687,303,715,884,105,727 (≈1.7) is the largest known

double Mersenne prime In mathematics, a double Mersenne number is a Mersenne number of the form :M_ = 2^-1 where ''p'' is prime. Examples The first four terms of the sequence of double Mersenne numbers areChris Caldwell''Mersenne Primes: History, Theorems and ...

. * ''Computing:'' 2¹²⁸ = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 (≈3.40282367), the theoretical maximum number of Internet addresses that can be allocated under the

addressing system, one more than the largest value that can be represented by a single-precision IEEE floating-point value, the total number of different

Universally Unique Identifier A universally unique identifier (UUID) is a 128-bit label used for information in computer systems. The term globally unique identifier (GUID) is also used. When generated according to the standard methods, UUIDs are, for practical purposes, u ...

s (UUIDs) that can be generated. * ''Cryptography:'' 2¹²⁸ = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 (≈3.40282367), the total number of different possible keys in the AES 128-bit key space (symmetric cipher).

10³⁹

(; 1000¹³; short scale: one

duodecillion Two naming scales for large numbers have been used in English and other European languages since the early modern era: the long and short scales. Most English variants use the short scale today, but the long scale remains dominant in many non-Eng ...

; long scale: one thousand sextillion, or one sextilliard) * ''Cosmology:'' The Eddington–Dirac number is roughly 10⁴⁰. * ''Mathematics:'' 97# × 2⁵ × 3³ × 5 × 7 = 69,720,375,229,712,477,164,533,808,935,312,303,556,800 (≈6.97) is the least common multiple of every integer from 1 to 100.

10⁴² to 10¹⁰⁰

(; 1000¹⁴; short scale: one tredecillion; long scale: one septillion) * ''Mathematics:'' 141×2¹⁴¹+1 = 393,050,634,124,102,232,869,567,034,555,427,371,542,904,833 (≈3.93) is the second Cullen prime. * ''Mathematics:'' There are 7,401,196,841,564,901,869,874,093,974,498,574,336,000,000,000 (≈7.4) possible permutations for the

Rubik's Revenge The 4x4 Rubik's Cube (also known as the Rubik's Revenge) is a 4×4×4 version of the Rubik's Cube. It was released in 1981. Invented by Péter Sebestény, the cube was nearly called the Sebestény Cube until a somewhat last-minute decision change ...

(4×4×4 Rubik's Cube). ChessStartingPosition

* ''Chess'': 4.52 is a proven

upper bound In mathematics, particularly in order theory, an upper bound or majorant of a subset of some preordered set is an element of that is greater than or equal to every element of . Dually, a lower bound or minorant of is defined to be an eleme ...

for the number of legal

chess Chess is a board game for two players, called White and Black, each controlling an army of chess pieces in their color, with the objective to checkmate the opponent's king. It is sometimes called international chess or Western chess to dist ...

positions. * ''Geo'': 1.33 is the estimated number of

s in

. * ''Mathematics:'' 2¹⁶⁸ = 374,144,419,156,711,147,060,143,317,175,368,453,031,918,731,001,856 is the largest known power of two which is not pandigital: There is no digit '2' in its decimal representation. * ''Mathematics:'' 3¹⁰⁶ = 375,710,212,613,636,260,325,580,163,599,137,907,799,836,383,538,729 is the largest known

which is not pandigital: There is no digit '4'. * ''Mathematics:'' 808,017,424,794,512,875,886,459,904,961,710,757,005,754,368,000,000,000 (≈8.08) is the order of the

monster group In the area of abstract algebra known as group theory, the monster group M (also known as the Fischer–Griess monster, or the friendly giant) is the largest sporadic simple group, having order 24632059761121331719232931414759 ...

. * ''Cryptography:'' 2¹⁹² = 6,277,101,735,386,680,763,835,789,423,207,666,416,102,355,444,464,034,512,896 (6.27710174), the total number of different possible keys in the AES 192-bit key space (symmetric cipher). * ''Cosmology:'' 8 is roughly the number of Planck time intervals since the

is theorised to have been created in the Big Bang 13.799 ± 0.021

years ago. * ''Cosmology:'' 1 is Archimedes' estimate in ''

The Sand Reckoner ''The Sand Reckoner'' ( el, Ψαμμίτης, ''Psammites'') is a work by Archimedes, an Ancient Greek mathematician of the 3rd century BC, in which he set out to determine an upper bound for the number of grains of sand that fit into the unive ...

'' of the total number of grains of

that could fit into the entire

cosmos The cosmos (, ) is another name for the Universe. Using the word ''cosmos'' implies viewing the universe as a complex and orderly system or entity. The cosmos, and understandings of the reasons for its existence and significance, are studied in ...

, the diameter of which he estimated in stadia to be what we call 2 light-years. * ''Mathematics – Cards:'' 52 ! = 80,658,175,170,943,878,571,660,636,856,403,766,975,289,505,440,883,277,824,000,000,000,000 (≈8.07) – the number of ways to order the cards in a 52-card deck. * ''Mathematics:'' There are ≈1.01×10⁶⁸ possible combinations for the Megaminx. * ''Mathematics:'' 1,808,422,353,177,349,564,546,512,035,512,530,001,279,481,259,854,248,860,454,348,989,451,026,887 (≈1.81) – The largest known prime factor found by ECM factorization . * ''Mathematics:'' There are 282,870,942,277,741,856,536,180,333,107,150,328,293,127,731,985,672,134,721,536,000,000,000,000,000 (≈2.83) possible permutations for the

Professor's Cube The 5x5 Rubik's Cube (also known as the Professor's Cube) is a 5×5×5 version of the original Rubik's Cube. It has qualities in common with both the 3×3×3 Rubik's Cube and the 4×4×4 4x4 Rubik's Cube, and solution strategies for both can be a ...

(5×5×5 Rubik's Cube). * ''Cryptography:'' 2²⁵⁶ = 115,792,089,237,316,195,423,570,985,008,687,907,853,269,984,665,640,564,039,457,584,007,913,129,639,936 (≈1.15792089), the total number of different possible keys in the AES 256-bit key space (symmetric cipher). * ''Cosmology:'' Various sources estimate the total number of

fundamental particle In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a subatomic particle that is not composed of other particles. Particles currently thought to be elementary include electrons, the fundamental fermions (quarks, leptons, antiqu ...

s in the observable universe to be within the range of 10⁸⁰ to 10⁸⁵.WMAP- Content of the Universe
. Map.gsfc.nasa.gov (2010-04-16). Retrieved on 2011-05-01. However, these estimates are generally regarded as guesswork. (Compare the

Eddington number In astrophysics, the Eddington number, , is the number of protons in the observable universe. Eddington originally calculated it as about ; current estimates make it approximately . The term is named for British astrophysicist Arthur Eddington, ...

, the estimated total number of protons in the observable universe.) * ''Computing:'' 9.999 999 is equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE

decimal32 floating-point format In computing, decimal32 is a decimal floating-point computer numbering format that occupies 4 bytes (32 bits) in computer memory. It is intended for applications where it is necessary to emulate decimal rounding exactly, such as finan ...

. * ''Computing:'' 69! (roughly 1.7112245), is the highest factorial value that can be represented on a calculator with two digits for powers of ten without overflow. * ''Mathematics:'' One googol, 1, 1 followed by one hundred zeros, or 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.

10¹⁰⁰ (one googol) to 10¹⁰⁰⁰

(; short scale: ten duotrigintillion; long scale: ten thousand

sexdecillion Two naming scales for large numbers have been used in English and other European languages since the early modern era: the long and short scales. Most English variants use the short scale today, but the long scale remains dominant in many non-Eng ...

, or ten sexdecillard) * ''Mathematics:'' There are 157 152 858 401 024 063 281 013 959 519 483 771 508 510 790 313 968 742 344 694 684 829 502 629 887 168 573 442 107 637 760 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 (≈1.57) distinguishable permutations of the

V-Cube 6 The V-Cube 6 is a 6×6×6 version of the original Rubik's Cube. The first mass-produced 6×6×6 was invented by Panagiotis Verdes and is produced by the Greek company Verdes Innovations SA. Other such puzzles have since been introduced by a numb ...

(6×6×6 Rubik's Cube). * ''Chess:''

Shannon number The Shannon number, named after the American mathematician Claude Shannon, is a conservative lower bound of the game-tree complexity of chess of 10120, based on an average of about 103 possibilities for a pair of moves consisting of a move for Wh ...

, 10¹²⁰, a lower bound of the

game-tree complexity Combinatorial game theory has several ways of measuring game complexity. This article describes five of them: state-space complexity, game tree size, decision complexity, game-tree complexity, and computational complexity. Measures of game comple ...

of chess. * ''Physics:'' 10¹²⁰, discrepancy between the observed value of the

cosmological constant In cosmology, the cosmological constant (usually denoted by the Greek capital letter lambda: ), alternatively called Einstein's cosmological constant, is the constant coefficient of a term that Albert Einstein temporarily added to his field eq ...

and a naive estimate based on Quantum Field Theory and the Planck energy. * ''Physics:'' 8, ratio of the mass-energy in the observable universe to the energy of a photon with a wavelength the size of the observable universe. * ''Mathematics:'' 19 568 584 333 460 072 587 245 340 037 736 278 982 017 213 829 337 604 336 734 362 294 738 647 777 395 483 196 097 971 852 999 259 921 329 236 506 842 360 439 300 (≈1.96) is the period of primary pretenders. * ''History – Religion:'' Asaṃkhyeya is a

Buddhist Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and ...

name for the number 10¹⁴⁰. It is listed in the Avatamsaka Sutra and metaphorically means "innumerable" in the

Sanskrit Sanskrit (; attributively , ; nominally , , ) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had diffused there from the northwest in the late ...

language of ancient India. * ''Xiangqi:'' 10¹⁵⁰, an estimation of the game-tree complexity of

xiangqi ''Xiangqi'' (; ), also called Chinese chess or elephant chess, is a strategy board game for two players. It is the most popular board game in China. ''Xiangqi'' is in the same family of games as '' shogi'', '' janggi'', Western chess, '' c ...

. * ''Mathematics:'' There are 19 500 551 183 731 307 835 329 126 754 019 748 794 904 992 692 043 434 567 152 132 912 323 232 706 135 469 180 065 278 712 755 853 360 682 328 551 719 137 311 299 993 600 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 (≈1.95) distinguishable permutations of the

V-Cube 7 The V-Cube 7 is a combination puzzle in the form of a 7×7×7 cube. The first mass-produced 7×7×7 was invented by Panagiotis Verdes and is produced by the Greek company Verdes Innovations SA. Other such puzzles have since been introduced by a ...

(7×7×7 Rubik's Cube). FloorGoban

* ''Go:'' There are 208 168 199 381 979 984 699 478 633 344 862 770 286 522 453 884 530 548 425 639 456 820 927 419 612 738 015 378 525 648 451 698 519 643 907 259 916 015 628 128 546 089 888 314 427 129 715 319 317 557 736 620 397 247 064 840 935 (≈2.08) legal positions in the game of Go. See Go and mathematics. * ''Economics:'' The annualized rate of the hyperinflation in Hungary in 1946 was estimated to be 2.9%. It was the most extreme case of

hyperinflation In economics, hyperinflation is a very high and typically accelerating inflation. It quickly erodes the real value of the local currency, as the prices of all goods increase. This causes people to minimize their holdings in that currency as t ...

ever recorded. * ''Board games:'' 3.457, number of ways to arrange the tiles in English-language Scrabble, English Scrabble on a standard 15-by-15 Scrabble board. * ''Physics:'' 10¹⁸⁶, approximate number of Planck volumes in the observable universe. * ''Shogi:'' 10²²⁶, an estimation of the game-tree complexity of shogi. * ''Physics:'' 7, approximate spacetime volume of the history of the observable universe in Planck units. * ''Computing:'' 1.797 693 134 862 315 807 is approximately equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE

. * ''Computing:'' (10 – 10⁻¹⁵) is equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE decimal64 floating-point format. * ''Mathematics:'' Primorial, 997# × 31# × 2⁵ × 3⁴ × 5⁴ × 7 = 7 128 865 274 665 093 053 166 384 155 714 272 920 668 358 861 885 893 040 452 001 991 154 324 087 581 111 499 476 444 151 913 871 586 911 717 817 019 575 256 512 980 264 067 621 009 251 465 871 004 305 131 072 686 268 143 200 196 609 974 862 745 937 188 343 705 015 434 452 523 739 745 298 963 145 674 982 128 236 956 232 823 794 011 068 809 262 317 708 861 979 540 791 247 754 558 049 326 475 737 829 923 352 751 796 735 248 042 463 638 051 137 034 331 214 781 746 850 878 453 485 678 021 888 075 373 249 921 995 672 056 932 029 099 390 891 687 487 672 697 950 931 603 520 000 (≈7.13) is the least common multiple of every integer from 1 to 1000.

10¹⁰⁰⁰ to 10^10¹⁰⁰ (one googolplex)

* ''Mathematics:'' There are approximately 1.869 distinguishable permutations of the world's largest Rubik's cube (33×33×33). * ''Computing:'' 1.189 731 495 357 231 765 05 is approximately equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE 80-bit x86 extended precision floating-point format. * ''Computing:'' 1.189 731 495 357 231 765 085 759 326 628 007 0 is approximately equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE quadruple-precision floating-point format. * ''Computing:'' (10 – 10⁻³³) is equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE decimal128 floating-point format. * ''Computing:'' 10^10,000 − 1 is equal to the largest value that can be represented in Windows Phone's calculator. * ''Mathematics:'' 2638⁴⁴⁰⁵ + 4405²⁶³⁸ is a 15,071-digit Leyland number, Leyland prime; the largest which has been proven . * ''Mathematics:'' 3,756,801,695,685 × 2^666,669 ± 1 are 200,700-digit twin primes; the largest known . * ''Mathematics:'' 18,543,637,900,515 × 2^666,667 − 1 is a 200,701-digit Sophie Germain prime; the largest known . * ''Mathematics:'' approximately 7.76 × 10^206,544 cattle in the smallest herd which satisfies the conditions of Archimedes's cattle problem. * ''Mathematics:'' 10^474,500 + 999 × 10^237,249 + 1 is a 474,501-digit palindromic prime, the largest known . * ''Mathematics:'' 2,996,863,034,895 × 2^1,290,000±1 are 388,342-digit twin primes; the largest known . * ''Mathematics:'' 1,098,133# – 1 is a 476,311-digit primorial prime; the largest known . * ''Mathematics:'' 208,003! − 1 is a 1,015,843-digit factorial prime; the largest known . * ''Mathematics – Literature:'' Jorge Luis Borges' Library of Babel contains at least 25^1,312,000 ≈ 1.956 × 10^1,834,097 books (this is a lower bound). * ''Mathematics:'' 4 × 72^1,119,849 − 1 is the smallest prime of the form 4×72^''n''−1 * ''Mathematics:'' (2^15,135,397+1)/3 is a 4,556,209-digit Wagstaff prime, Wagstaff probable prime, the largest known . * ''Mathematics:'' 1,059,094^1,048,576 + 1 is a 6,317,602-digit Generalized Fermat prime, the largest known . * ''Mathematics:'' (10^8,177,207−1)/9 is a 8,177,207-digit probable prime, the largest known . * ''Mathematics:'' 10,223 × 2^31,172,165 + 1 is a 9,383,761-digit Proth prime, the largest known Proth prime and non-Mersenne prime . Digits in largest prime found as a function of time

Digits in largest prime found as a function of time

* ''Mathematics:'' 2^82,589,933 − 1 is a 24,862,048-digit Mersenne prime; the largest known prime of any kind .Chris Caldwell
The Top Twenty: Largest Known Primes
at The Prime Pages. * ''Mathematics:'' 2^82,589,932 × (2^82,589,933 − 1) is a 49,724,095-digit perfect number, the largest known as of 2020. * ''Mathematics – History:'' 10^8×10¹⁶, largest named number in Archimedes' ''The Sand Reckoner, Sand Reckoner''. * ''Mathematics:'' 10^googol (

10^

), a googolplex. A number 1 followed by 1 googol zeros. Carl Sagan has estimated that 1 googolplex, fully written out, would not fit in the observable universe because of its size, while also noting that one could also write the number as 10^10¹⁰⁰.

Larger than 10^10¹⁰⁰

(One googolplex; 10^googol; short scale: googolplex; long scale: googolplex) * ''Mathematics – Literature:'' The number of different ways in which the books in Jorge Luis Borges' The Library of Babel, Library of Babel can be arranged is approximately

10^

, the factorial of the number of books in the Library of Babel. * ''Cosmology:'' In Chaotic Inflation theory, chaotic inflation theory, proposed by physicist Andrei Linde, our

is one of many other universes with different physical constants that originated as part of our local section of the Multiverse#Bubble theory, multiverse, owing to a vacuum that had not decayed to its ground state. According to Linde and Vanchurin, the total number of these universes is about

10^

. * ''Mathematics:''

10^

, order of magnitude of an upper bound that occurred in a Skewes' number, proof of Skewes (this was later estimated to be closer to 1.397 × 10³¹⁶). *''Cosmology:'' The estimated number of Planck time, Planck time units for quantum fluctuations and quantum tunnelling, tunnelling to generate a new Big Bang is estimated to be

10^

. * ''Mathematics:''

10^

, a number in Names of large numbers#The googol family, the googol family called a googolplexplex, googolplexian, or googolduplex. 1 followed by a googolplex zeros, or 10^googolplex *''Cosmology:'' The uppermost estimate to the size of the entire universe is approximately

10^

times that of the observable universe. * ''Mathematics:''

10^

, order of magnitude of another upper bound in a proof of Stanley Skewes, Skewes. * ''Mathematics:''

10^

, a number in Names of large numbers#The googol family, the googol family called a googolplexplexplex, googolplexianth, or googoltriplex. 1 followed by a googolduplex zeros, or 10^googolduplex * ''Mathematics:'' Steinhaus' Steinhaus–Moser notation#Mega, mega lies between 10[4]257 and 10[4]258 (where ''a''[''n'']''b'' is hyperoperation). * ''Mathematics:'' Moser's number, "2 in a mega-gon" in Steinhaus–Moser notation, is approximately equal to 10[10[4]257]10, the last four digits are ...1056. * ''Mathematics:'' Graham's number, the last ten digits of which are ...2464195387, equals 3[3[3[...3[3[3[6]3+2]3+2]3...]3+2]3+2]3 with 64 levels of brackets. Arises as an upper bound solution to a problem in Ramsey theory. Representation in powers of 10 would be impractical (the number of 10s in the power tower

10^

would be virtually indistinguishable from the number itself). * ''Mathematics:'' Kruskal's tree theorem, TREE(3): appears in relation to a theorem on trees in graph theory. Representation of the number is difficult, but one weak lower bound is ''A''^{''A''(187196)}(1), where A(n) is a version of the Ackermann function. * ''Mathematics:'' Friedman's SSCG function, SSCG(3): appears in relation to the Robertson–Seymour theorem. Known to be greater than TREE(3). * ''Mathematics:'' Transcendental integers: a set of numbers defined in 2000 by Harvey Friedman, appears in proof theory. * ''Mathematics:'' Rayo's number is a large number named after Agustín Rayo which has been claimed to be the largest number to have ever been named. It was originally defined in a "big number duel" at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT on 26 January 2007.

References

External links

* Seth Lloyd's pape
''Computational capacity of the universe''
provides a number of interesting dimensionless quantities.

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Orders Of Magnitude (Numbers) Orders of magnitude, Numbers

Smaller than (one googolth)

10−100 to 10−30

10−30

10−27

10−24

10−21

10−18

10−15

10−12

10−9

10−6

10−3

10−2

10−1

100

101

102

103

105

106

107

108

109

1010

1011

1012

1015

1018

1021

1024

1027

1030

1033

1036

1039

1042 to 10100

10100 (one googol) to 101000

101000 to 1010100 (one googolplex)

Larger than 1010100

See also