The Transitional Federal Parliament of the Somali Republic (TFP) ( so, Golaha Shacabka Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ee Jamhuuriyada Soomaaliya; often ''Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya'') was the national
parliament
In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government via hearings and inquiries. Th ...
of
Somalia
Somalia, , Osmanya script: ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐; ar, ุงูุตูู
ุงู, aแนฃ-แนขลซmฤl officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe ''Federal Republic of Somalia'' is the country's name per Article 1 of thProvisional Constitut ...
from 2004 until 2012.
In a 2008 report called 'So Much to Fear'
Human Rights Watch
Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization, headquartered in New York City, that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. The group pressures governments, policy makers, companies, and individual human ...
accused the Transitional Federal Government of human rights abuses and war crimes which include murder, rape, assault, and looting. The report also states that the TFG police force had also been implicated in arbitrary arrests of ordinary civilians in order to extort ransoms from their families. The TFP was succeeded by the
Federal Parliament of Somalia
The Federal Parliament of Somalia ( so, Golaha Shacabka Soomaaliya; often ''Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya''; ar, ุงูุจุฑูู
ุงู ุงูุงุชุญุงุฏู ูู ุงูุตูู
ุงู) is the national parliament of Somalia. Formed in August 2012, it is ba ...
.
Overview
The
Transitional Federal Institutions
The transitional federal institutions of Somalia are the key government foundations created in OctoberโNovember 2004 at a conference held in Nairobi, Kenya. They include the following:
* Transitional Federal Charter (TFC)
* Transitional Federal ...
(TFIs) were the key foundations of the national government of Somalia. Created in 2004, they included the
Transitional Federal Charter
The Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic (TFC) was the principle organizing document of Somalia. Written and approved in February 2004, it represented one of the Transitional Federal Institutions (TFIs). The other TFIs included the ...
(TFC), the
Transitional Federal Government
The Transitional Federal Government (TFG) ( so, Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka, ar, ุงูุญููู
ุฉ ุงูุงุชุญุงุฏูุฉ ุงูุงูุชูุงููุฉ) was internationally recognized as a provisional government of the Republic of Somalia from 14 October ...
(TFG) and the Transitional Federal Parliament (TFP).
The TFP was the
parliament
In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government via hearings and inquiries. Th ...
of Somalia. It constituted the
legislative
A legislature is an assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city. They are often contrasted with the executive and judicial powers of government.
Laws enacted by legislatures are usually known ...
branch of government, with the
Transitional Federal Government
The Transitional Federal Government (TFG) ( so, Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka, ar, ุงูุญููู
ุฉ ุงูุงุชุญุงุฏูุฉ ุงูุงูุชูุงููุฉ) was internationally recognized as a provisional government of the Republic of Somalia from 14 October ...
representing the
executive
Executive ( exe., exec., execu.) may refer to:
Role or title
* Executive, a senior management role in an organization
** Chief executive officer (CEO), one of the highest-ranking corporate officers (executives) or administrators
** Executive di ...
division. The Transitional Federal Parliament elected the
President
President most commonly refers to:
*President (corporate title)
* President (education), a leader of a college or university
* President (government title)
President may also refer to:
Automobiles
* Nissan President, a 1966โ2010 Japanese ...
and
Prime Minister
A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is ...
, and had the authority to propose and pass laws. It was also in charged of governance and administration of
Mogadishu
Mogadishu (, also ; so, Muqdisho or ; ar, ู
ูุฏูุดู ; it, Mogadiscio ), locally known as Xamar or Hamar, is the capital and List of cities in Somalia by population, most populous city of Somalia. The city has served as an important port ...
, which was then the seat of the TFG. Members of Parliament (MP) were selected through traditional clan leaders or
shura
Shura ( ar, ุดููุฑูููฐ, translit=shลซrฤ, lit=consultation) can for example take the form of a council or a referendum. The Quran encourages Muslims to decide their affairs in consultation with each other.
Shura is mentioned as a praisewor ...
councils.
The
Federal Parliament of Somalia
The Federal Parliament of Somalia ( so, Golaha Shacabka Soomaaliya; often ''Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya''; ar, ุงูุจุฑูู
ุงู ุงูุงุชุญุงุฏู ูู ุงูุตูู
ุงู) is the national parliament of Somalia. Formed in August 2012, it is ba ...
was established on August 20, 2012, following the end of the Transitional Federal Government's mandate.
Composition
The Transitional Federal Parliament, officially referred to as the Transitional Federal Assembly (TFA), was a
unicameral
Unicameralism (from ''uni''- "one" + Latin ''camera'' "chamber") is a type of legislature, which consists of one house or assembly, that legislates and votes as one.
Unicameral legislatures exist when there is no widely perceived need for multi ...
national assembly
In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the r ...
.
It was formed in 2004 and originally included 275 members. Following the creation of a unity government in 2008โ2009 between the Transitional Federal Government and moderate members of the
Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia
The Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia (ARS) was a Somali political party. A successor to the Islamic Courts Union, it was launched in September 2007.
History of the ARS
Members of the Islamic Courts Union and Somali opposition leaders ...
(ARS), the TFP's seats were increased to 550.
Of those, 475 Members of Parliament were appointed following the ''4.5 formula'': 1 apportionment went to each of the four major
Somali clans
The demographics of Somalis encompass the demographic features of Somalia's inhabitants, including ethnicity, language, population density, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. Som ...
, while a coalition of minority clans received a quota of 0.5.
The remaining 75 seats were reserved for business people and civil society representatives.
Article 29 of the Transitional Federal Charter also stipulated that at least 12% of all parliamentary members had to be women.
Speaker of Parliament
The first Speaker of the Transitional Federal Parliament was
Sharif Hassan Sheikh Aden
Sharif Hassan Sheikh Adan ( so, Shariif Xasan Sheekh Aadan, ar, ุดุฑูู ุญุณู ุงูุดูุฎ ุขุฏู
; is a Somali politician. He is a former Minister of Finance of Somalia, and the last Speaker of the Transitional Federal Parliament (TFP).
Car ...
. He held the position from September 15, 2004 to January 17, 2007, and was succeeded by
Adan Mohamed Nuur Madobe.
On May 25, 2010, Sharif Hassan was re-elected parliamentary Speaker.
Somalia parliament elects new speaker
/ref>
See also
*Judiciary of Somalia
The judiciary of Somalia is defined by the Provisional Constitution of the Federal Republic of Somalia. It stipulates that the national court structure is to be organized into three tiers: the Constitutional Court, Federal Government level courts, ...
Notes
External links
Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments โ Somalia
{{coord, 2, 04, N, 45, 21, E, source:kolossus-eswiki, display=title
2004 establishments in Somalia
2012 disestablishments in Somalia
Somalia
Somalia, , Osmanya script: ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐; ar, ุงูุตูู
ุงู, aแนฃ-แนขลซmฤl officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe ''Federal Republic of Somalia'' is the country's name per Article 1 of thProvisional Constitut ...
Elections in Somalia
Factions in the Somali Civil War
Government of Somalia
Somalia
Somalia, , Osmanya script: ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐; ar, ุงูุตูู
ุงู, aแนฃ-แนขลซmฤl officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe ''Federal Republic of Somalia'' is the country's name per Article 1 of thProvisional Constitut ...
Somalia
Somalia, , Osmanya script: ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐; ar, ุงูุตูู
ุงู, aแนฃ-แนขลซmฤl officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe ''Federal Republic of Somalia'' is the country's name per Article 1 of thProvisional Constitut ...
Political history of Somalia
Somalia War (2006โ2009)
Somali Civil War (2009โpresent)
Transitional federal government of Somalia