Tiraspol or Tirișpolea ( ro, Tiraspol,

Moldovan Cyrillic The Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet is a Cyrillic alphabet designed for the Romanian language spoken in the Soviet Union ( Moldovan) and was in official use from 1924 to 1932 and 1938 to 1989 (and still in use today in the breakaway Moldovan regio ...

: Тираспол, ; russian: Тира́споль, ; uk, Тирасполь, Tyraspol') is the capital of

Transnistria Transnistria, officially the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR), is an unrecognised breakaway state that is internationally recognised as a part of Moldova. Transnistria controls most of the narrow strip of land between the Dniester riv ...

(''

de facto ''De facto'' ( ; , "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, whether or not they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms. It is commonly used to refer to what happens in practice, in contrast with '' de jure'' ("by l ...

''), a

breakaway state Breakaway or Break Away may refer to: Film, television and radio * ''Breakaway'' (1955 film), a British film * ''Breakaway'' (1990 film), an Australian film featuring Deborah Kara Unger * ''Breakaway'' (1996 film), an American film featuring T ...

Moldova Moldova ( , ; ), officially the Republic of Moldova ( ro, Republica Moldova), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The unrecognised state of Transnistri ...

, where it is the third largest city. The city is located on the eastern bank of the

Dniester The Dniester, ; rus, Дне́стр, links=1, Dnéstr, ˈdⁿʲestr; ro, Nistru; grc, Τύρᾱς, Tyrās, ; la, Tyrās, la, Danaster, label=none, ) ( ,) is a transboundary river in Eastern Europe. It runs first through Ukraine and t ...

River. Tiraspol is a regional hub of

light industry Light industry are industries that usually are less capital-intensive than heavy industry and are more consumer-oriented than business-oriented, as they typically produce smaller consumer goods. Most light industry products are produced for ...

, such as furniture and electrical goods production. The modern city of Tiraspol was founded by the Russian generalissimo

Alexander Suvorov Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (russian: Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Суво́ров, Aleksándr Vasíl'yevich Suvórov; or 1730) was a Russian general in service of the Russian Empire. He was Count of Râmnicu Sărat, Rymnik, C ...

in 1792, although the area had been inhabited for thousands of years by varying

ethnic group An ethnic group or an ethnicity is a grouping of people who identify with each other on the basis of shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups. Those attributes can include common sets of traditions, ancestry, language, history, ...

s. The city celebrates its anniversary every year on 14 October.

Etymology

The

toponym Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of ''toponyms'' ( proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage and types. Toponym is the general term for a proper name of ...

consists of two

ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic pe ...

words: Τύρας, '' Tyras'', the

Ancient Ancient history is a time period from the beginning of writing and recorded human history to as far as late antiquity. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with the Sumerian cuneiform script. Ancient history cov ...

name for the

Dniester River The Dniester, ; rus, Дне́стр, links=1, Dnéstr, ˈdⁿʲestr; ro, Nistru; grc, Τύρᾱς, Tyrās, ; la, Tyrās, la, Danaster, label=none, ) ( ,) is a transboundary river in Eastern Europe. It runs first through Ukraine and t ...

, and ''

polis ''Polis'' (, ; grc-gre, πόλις, ), plural ''poleis'' (, , ), literally means "city" in Greek. In Ancient Greece, it originally referred to an administrative and religious city center, as distinct from the rest of the city. Later, it also ...

'', i.e., a city (state).

History

Classical history

Tyras (Τύρας), also spelled ''Tiras'', was a

colony In modern parlance, a colony is a territory subject to a form of foreign rule. Though dominated by the foreign colonizers, colonies remain separate from the administration of the original country of the colonizers, the '' metropolitan state' ...

of the Greek city

Miletus Miletus (; gr, Μῑ́λητος, Mī́lētos; Hittite transcription ''Millawanda'' or ''Milawata'' ( exonyms); la, Mīlētus; tr, Milet) was an ancient Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia, near the mouth of the Maeander River in ...

, probably founded about 600 BC, situated some from the mouth of the Tiras River (Dniester). Of no great importance in early times, in the 2nd century BC it fell under the dominion of indigenous kings whose

names A name is a term used for identification by an external observer. They can identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given context. The entity identified by a name is called its referent. A persona ...

appear on its

coin A coin is a small, flat (usually depending on the country or value), round piece of metal or plastic used primarily as a medium of exchange or legal tender. They are standardized in weight, and produced in large quantities at a mint in order ...

s. It was destroyed by the

Thracian The Thracians (; grc, Θρᾷκες ''Thrāikes''; la, Thraci) were an Indo-European speaking people who inhabited large parts of Eastern and Southeastern Europe in ancient history.. "The Thracians were an Indo-European people who occupied ...

Getae The Getae ( ) or Gets ( ; grc, Γέται, singular ) were a Thracian-related tribe that once inhabited the regions to either side of the Lower Danube, in what is today northern Bulgaria and southern Romania. Both the singular form ''Get'' an ...

about 50 BC. In 56 AD, the Romans restored the city and made it part of the colonial province of Lower Moesia. A series of its coins exist that feature heads of Roman emperors from

Domitian Domitian (; la, Domitianus; 24 October 51 – 18 September 96) was a Roman emperor who reigned from 81 to 96. The son of Vespasian and the younger brother of Titus, his two predecessors on the throne, he was the last member of the Fl ...

Severus Alexander Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander (1 October 208 – 21/22 March 235) was a Roman emperor, who reigned from 222 until 235. He was the last emperor from the Severan dynasty. He succeeded his slain cousin Elagabalus in 222. Alexander himself wa ...

. Soon after the time of the latter, the city was destroyed again, this time by the

invasion An invasion is a military offensive in which large numbers of combatants of one geopolitical entity aggressively enter territory owned by another such entity, generally with the objective of either: conquering; liberating or re-establishing ...

of the

Goths The Goths ( got, 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰, translit=''Gutþiuda''; la, Gothi, grc-gre, Γότθοι, Gótthoi) were a Germanic people who played a major role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the emergence of medieval Euro ...

. Its government was in the hands of five

archon ''Archon'' ( gr, ἄρχων, árchōn, plural: ἄρχοντες, ''árchontes'') is a Greek word that means "ruler", frequently used as the title of a specific public office. It is the masculine present participle of the verb stem αρχ-, mean ...

s, a

senate A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...

, a popular assembly and a

registrar A registrar is an official keeper of records made in a register. The term may refer to: Education * Registrar (education), an official in an academic institution who handles student records * Registrar of the University of Oxford, one of the se ...

. The images on its coins from this period suggest a trade in wheat, wine and fish. The few inscriptions extant are mostly concerned with trade. Such ancient

archeological Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landsca ...

remains are scanty, as the city site was built over by the great

medieval In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire a ...

fortress of Monocastro or Akkerman. During the

Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...

, the area around Tiraspol was a

buffer zone A buffer zone is a neutral zonal area that lies between two or more bodies of land, usually pertaining to countries. Depending on the type of buffer zone, it may serve to separate regions or conjoin them. Common types of buffer zones are demili ...

between the

Tatars The Tatars ()Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different Turki ...

and the Moldavians, and inhabited by both ethnic groups.

Russian foundation

The

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War ...

conquered its way to the

River, taking territory from the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University ...

. In 1792 the Russian army built fortifications to guard the western border near a Moldavian village named

Sucleia Sucleia (; ) is a village in the Slobozia District of Transnistria, Moldova Moldova ( , ; ), officially the Republic of Moldova ( ro, Republica Moldova), is a Landlocked country, landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Roman ...

. Field Marshal

is considered the founder of modern Tiraspol; his statue is the city's most distinctive landmark. The city took its name from '' Tyras'', the Greek name of the Dniester River on which it stands. In 1828, the Russian government established a customs house in Tiraspol to try to suppress

smuggling Smuggling is the illegal transportation of objects, substances, information or people, such as out of a house or buildings, into a prison, or across an international border, in violation of applicable laws or other regulations. There are variou ...

. The customs house was subordinated to the chief of the

Odessa Odesa (also spelled Odessa) is the third most populous city and municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. The city is also the administrativ ...

customs region. It began operations with 14 employees. They inspected shipments of bread, paper, oil, wine, sugar, fruits and other goods.

Soviet Tiraspol

After the

Russian Revolution The Russian Revolution was a period of political and social revolution that took place in the former Russian Empire which began during the First World War. This period saw Russia abolish its monarchy and adopt a socialist form of government ...

, the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created in

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inva ...

in 1924, with Balta as its capital. The republic had

Romanian Romanian may refer to: *anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Romania ** Romanians, an ethnic group **Romanian language, a Romance language ***Romanian dialects, variants of the Romanian language **Romanian cuisine, traditiona ...

Ukrainian Ukrainian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Ukraine * Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe * Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine * So ...

and Russian as its official languages. Its capital was moved in 1929 to Tiraspol, which remained the capital of the Moldavian ASSR until 1940. In 1940, following the secret provisions of the

Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact , long_name = Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , image = Bundesarchiv Bild 183-H27337, Moskau, Stalin und Ribbentrop im Kreml.jpg , image_width = 200 , caption = Stalin and Ribbentrop shaking ...

, the USSR forced Romania to cede

Bessarabia Bessarabia (; Gagauz: ''Besarabiya''; Romanian: ''Basarabia''; Ukrainian: ''Бессара́бія'') is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west. About two thirds o ...

. It integrated Tiraspol, until then part of the

Ukrainian SSR The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic ( uk, Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, ; russian: Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респ ...

, into the newly formed

Moldavian SSR The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic ( ro, Republica Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească, Moldovan Cyrillic: ) was one of the 15 republics of the Soviet Union which existed from 1940 to 1991. The republic was formed on 2 August 1940 ...

. On 7 August 1941, following the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, the city was taken over by Romanian troops. Later that month, on 19 August, the Tiraspol Agreement establishing the Transnistria Governorate was signed. During the occupation, Tiraspol was under Romanian administration. During that period almost all of its Jewish population died: they were slain ''in situ'' or deported to German Nazi death camps, where they were murdered. Tiraspoljet

In 1941, before the occupation, the newspaper '' Dnestrovskaya Pravda'' was founded by the Tiraspol City Council of popular deputies. This is the oldest periodical publication in the region. On 12 April 1944, the city was retaken by the

Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian language, Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist R ...

and became again part of Moldavian SSR.

Post-independence

On 27 January 1990, the citizens in Tiraspol passed a

referendum A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a Direct democracy, direct vote by the Constituency, electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a Representative democr ...

declaring the city as an independent territory. The nearby city of Bendery also declared its independence from

. As the Russian-speaking independence movement gained momentum, some local governments banded together to resist pressure from the Moldovan government for nationalization. Calle Tiraspol

On 2 September 1990, Tiraspol was proclaimed the capital of the new Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic. The new republic was not officially recognized by Soviet authorities; however, it received support from some important Soviet leaders, such as

Anatoly Lukyanov Anatoly Ivanovich Lukyanov (russian: Анатолий Иванович Лукьянов, 7 May 1930 – 9 January 2019) was a Russian Communist politician who was the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR between 15 March 1990 and 4 Se ...

. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the territory east of the Dniester River declared independence as the

Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic Transnistria, officially the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR), is an unrecognised breakaway state that is internationally recognised as a part of Moldova. Transnistria controls most of the narrow strip of land between the Dniester riv ...

(PMR), with Tiraspol as its capital. It was not recognized by the international community. On 1 July 2005, the Lucian Blaga Lyceum, a high school with Romanian as its language of instruction, was registered as a Transnistrian non-governmental establishment. The registration of six Romanian language schools has been the subject of negotiations with the government since 2000. The tension increased in the summer of 2004, when the Transnistrian authorities forcibly closed the schools that taught using the

Latin script The Latin script, also known as Roman script, is an alphabetic writing system based on the letters of the classical Latin alphabet, derived from a form of the Greek alphabet which was in use in the ancient Greek city of Cumae, in southern ...

. According to the official PMR view, this is considered as

. " Moldovan", written in the

Cyrillic script The Cyrillic script ( ), Slavonic script or the Slavic script, is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia. It is the designated national script in various Slavic, Turkic, Mongolic, Uralic, Caucasian and Iranic-speaking c ...

, is one of the three official languages in the PMR; Romanian is not. Some economic measures and counter-measures were taken on both banks of the Dniester. Tensions have been seen in

terrorist Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of criminal violence to provoke a state of terror or fear, mostly with the intention to achieve political or religious aims. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violen ...

incidents. On 6 July 2006, an explosion, believed to be caused by a bomb, killed at least eight people in a minibus. Later on 13 August, a grenade exploded in a

trolleybus A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tramin the 1910s and 1920sJoyce, J.; King, J. S.; and Newman, A. G. (1986). ''British Trolleybus Systems'', pp. 9, 12. London: Ian Allan Publishing. .or trol ...

, killing two and injuring ten. The 2022 Tiraspol bombing happened on the 25 April 2022 during the

2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine On 24 February 2022, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, which began in 2014. The invasion has resulted in tens of thousands of deaths on both sides. It has caused Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. A ...

when several explosions were reported near the

Ministry of State Security (Transnistria) The Ministry of State Security ( ro, Ministerul Securității Statului, russian: Министерство государственной безопасности, uk, Міністерство державної безпеки) is the Transnistria ...

in Tiraspol. Firefighters were on the scene but there were no casualties.

Geography and climate

Tiraspol features a

humid continental climate A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and freez ...

that closely borders an

oceanic climate An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate, is the humid temperate climate sub-type in Köppen classification ''Cfb'', typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, generally featuring cool summers and mild winters ...

and has transitional features of the

humid subtropical climate A humid subtropical climate is a zone of climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between latitudes 25° and 40° ...

due to its warm summers. Summers are mild, with average monthly temperatures at around in July and August. Winters are cold, with average temperatures in the coldest month (January) at . Precipitation is relatively evenly spread throughout the year, though there is a noticeable increase in monthly precipitation in June and July. Tiraspol on average sees nearly of precipitation per year.

Demographics

Population

The population of the city was about 190,000 in 1989 and about 203,000 in 1992. 41% were

Russians , native_name_lang = ru , image = , caption = , population = , popplace = 118 million Russians in the Russian Federation (2002 '' Winkler Prins'' estimate) , region1 = , pop1 ...

, 32%

Ukrainians Ukrainians ( uk, Українці, Ukraintsi, ) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine. They are the seventh-largest nation in Europe. The native language of the Ukrainians is Ukrainian. The majority of Ukrainians are Eastern Ort ...

(both Eastern Slavic) and 18% were

Moldovans Moldovans, sometimes referred to as Moldavians ( ro, moldoveni , Moldovan Cyrillic: молдовень), are a Romance-speaking ethnic group and the largest ethnic group of the Republic of Moldova (75.1% of the population as of 2014) and a sign ...

(Romanians). As result of the political and economic situation that followed the proclamation of the independent (unrecognized)

, as well as large Jewish emigration in the early 1990s, the population of the city fell below its 1989 number and the

2004 Transnistrian census The 2004 Transnistrian census was organized in Transnistria at roughly the same time that Moldova held its own census, which Transnistria refused to participate in out of principle and deference to its September 2, 1990 declaration of independen ...

put its population at 158,069.

Religion

The Latin Catholic minority was served by its own Roman Catholic Diocese of Tiraspol (originally called Cherson), which at times also covered part of neighbouring Romania and Russia, until its 2002 suppression and merger into the Russian Diocese of Saint Clement at Saratov.

Culture

The statue of

was erected in the central square in 1979 in commemoration of his 250th anniversary. In front of the Transnistrian Government building there is a statue of

Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1 ...

. On the opposite side of the central square, a monument plaza features a Soviet

T-34 The T-34 is a Soviet medium tank introduced in 1940. When introduced its 76.2 mm (3 in) tank gun was less powerful than its contemporaries while its 60-degree sloped armour provided good protection against anti-tank weapons. The C ...

tank, commemorating the Soviet victory in

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

, an eternal flame to those who fell defending the city in 1941 and liberating it in 1944, as well as several monuments dedicated to more recent conflicts, including the

Soviet–Afghan War The Soviet–Afghan War was a protracted armed conflict fought in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan from 1979 to 1989. It saw extensive fighting between the Soviet Union and the Afghan mujahideen (alongside smaller groups of anti-Soviet ...

and the War of Transnistria.

Sport

The two main football clubs are

Sheriff Tiraspol Fotbal Club Sheriff (russian: ФК Шериф Тирасполь), commonly known as Sheriff Tiraspol or simply Sheriff, is a Moldovan professional football club based in Tiraspol, a city located in the unrecognised breakaway state of Transnist ...

and FC Tiraspol. Sheriff is the most successful Moldovan football club of recent history, winning 14 league titles since the 2000–2001 season, and 6 Moldovan Cups. Noted for their last-minute 2–1 Champions League victory against Real Madrid on 28 September 2021. A third club, CS Tiligul-Tiras Tiraspol, withdrew from competition prior to the 2009–2010 season. Tiraspol is home to the

Sheriff Stadium Sheriff Stadium (also known as ''Glavnaya Arena of Complexul Sheriif'') is home to Sheriff Tiraspol, a football team based in Tiraspol, capital of Transnistria breakaway region of Moldova. It is owned by the local Sheriff corporation. It has a c ...

, the largest capacity stadium in the region, with a capacity of 14,300 seats.

International relations

Twin towns – sister cities

* Bălți, Moldova *

Comrat Comrat ( ro, Comrat, ; gag, Komrat, Russian and bg, Комрат, Komrat) is a city and municipality in Moldova and the capital of the autonomous region of Gagauzia. It is located in the south of the country, on the Ialpug River. In 2014, Comr ...

, Moldova *

Trondheim Trondheim ( , , ; sma, Tråante), historically Kaupangen, Nidaros and Trondhjem (), is a city and municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. As of 2020, it had a population of 205,332, was the third most populous municipality in Norway, an ...

, Norway (2000) * Volgograd, Russia *

Kaluga Kaluga ( rus, Калу́га, p=kɐˈɫuɡə), a city and the administrative center of Kaluga Oblast in Russia, stands on the Oka River southwest of Moscow. Population: Kaluga's most famous resident, the space travel pioneer Konstantin Tsi ...

, Russia *

Kursk Kursk ( rus, Курск, p=ˈkursk) is a city and the administrative center of Kursk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Kur, Tuskar, and Seym rivers. The area around Kursk was the site of a turning point in the Soviet–German stru ...

, Russia * Obninsk, Russia *

Severodvinsk Severodvinsk ( rus, Северодвинск, p=sʲɪvʲɪrɐdˈvʲinsk) is a city in the north of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located in the delta of the Northern Dvina, west of Arkhangelsk, the administrative center of the oblast. As of the ...

, Russia *

Novosibirsk Novosibirsk (, also ; rus, Новосиби́рск, p=nəvəsʲɪˈbʲirsk, a=ru-Новосибирск.ogg) is the largest city and administrative centre of Novosibirsk Oblast and Siberian Federal District in Russia. As of the 2021 Censu ...

, Russia *

Mykolaiv Mykolaiv ( uk, Миколаїв, ) is a city and municipality in Southern Ukraine, the administrative center of the Mykolaiv Oblast. Mykolaiv city, which provides Ukraine with access to the Black Sea, is the location of the most downriver brid ...

, Ukraine *

Kherson Kherson (, ) is a port city of Ukraine that serves as the administrative centre of Kherson Oblast. Located on the Black Sea and on the Dnieper River, Kherson is the home of a major ship-building industry and is a regional economic centre. I ...

, Ukraine * Cherkasy, Ukraine *

Ternopil Ternópil ( uk, Тернопіль, Ternopil' ; pl, Tarnopol; yi, טאַרנאָפּל, Tarnopl, or ; he, טארנופול (טַרְנוֹפּוֹל), Tarnopol; german: Tarnopol) is a city in the west of Ukraine. Administratively, Terno ...

, Ukraine *

Ashdod Ashdod ( he, ''ʾašdōḏ''; ar, أسدود or إسدود ''ʾisdūd'' or '' ʾasdūd'' ; Philistine: 𐤀𐤔𐤃𐤃 *''ʾašdūd'') is the sixth-largest city in Israel. Located in the country's Southern District, it lies on the Mediterran ...

, Israel * Leninsky District, Minsk, Belarus * Sukhumi,

Abkhazia Abkhazia, ka, აფხაზეთი, tr, , xmf, აბჟუა, abzhua, or ( or ), officially the Republic of Abkhazia, is a partially recognised state in the South Caucasus, recognised by most countries as part of Georgia, which ...

, Georgia *

Tskhinvali Tskhinvali ( ka, ცხინვალი ) or Tskhinval ( os, Цхинвал, Чъреба, Tskhinval, Chreba, ; rus, Цхинва́л(и), r=Tskhinvál(i), ) is the capital of the disputed ''de facto'' independent Republic of South Ossetia, in ...

South Ossetia South Ossetia, ka, სამხრეთი ოსეთი, ( , ), officially the Republic of South Ossetia – the State of Alania, is a partially recognised landlocked state in the South Caucasus. It has an officially stated populat ...

, Georgia * Santarem, Portugal

Notable people

Sergey Stepanov - Epic Sax Guy - May 28, 2010

Nikolay Zelinsky Nikolay Dmitriyevich Zelinsky (; 6 February 1861 – 31 July 1953) was a Russian and Soviet chemist. Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1929). Zelinsky studied at the University of Odessa and at the universities of Leip ...

(1861 in Tiraspol – 1953 in Moscow) Russian and Soviet chemist, academician of the Academy of Sciences, invented the first filtering

activated charcoal "Activated" is a song by English singer Cher Lloyd. It was released on 22 July 2016 through Vixen Records. The song was made available to stream exclusively on ''Rolling Stone'' a day before to release (on 21 July 2016). Background In an inter ...

gas mask * Georgi Stamatov (1869 in Tiraspol – 1942 in Sofia) a Bulgarian writer. *

Mikhail Larionov Mikhail Fyodorovich Larionov (Russian: Михаи́л Фёдорович Ларио́нов; June 3, 1881 – May 10, 1964) was a Russian avant-garde painter who worked with radical exhibitors and pioneered the first approach to abstract Rus ...

(1881 in Tiraspol – 1964) an avant-garde Russian painter. * Abraham Rabinovitch (1889 in Tiraspol – 1964 in New South Wales) an Australian-Russian property developer and pioneer of the Sydney Modern Orthodox Jewish community; emigrated to Australia in 1915 * Gheorghe Pintilie (born 1902 in Tiraspol – 1985) Soviet intelligence agent, Russian citizen and naturalised Romanian communist activist of Ukrainian origin, the first Director of the

Securitate The Securitate (, Romanian for ''security'') was the popular term for the Departamentul Securității Statului (Department of State Security), the secret police agency of the Socialist Republic of Romania. Previously, before the communist regime ...

* Izrail Shmurun (1912 in Tiraspol – 1985 in Chișinău) a Moldavian Soviet architect * Larisa Eryomina (born 1950 in Tiraspol) stage and screen actress in Soviet films of the 1970s. *

Oxana Ionova Oxana Ionova was the head of the state tax service of Transnistria and director of Transnistria's central bank from 2008 to 2011. She was born in Tiraspol on 3 June 1966. She started her work in the Ministry of Interior of Transnistria in 1994 as ...

(born 1966 in Tiraspol) head of the state tax service of Transnistria, director of Transnistria's central bank from 2008 to 2011; subsequently charged with embezzlement of Russian humanitarian aid, illegal business practices, abuse of power and forgery. * Vlad Stashevsky (born 1974 in Tiraspol) a Russian pop singer. * Berenika Glixman (born 1984 in Tiraspol) Israeli classical pianist * Sergey Stepanov (born 1984 in Tiraspol) musician and composer from Transnistria, member of the

SunStroke Project SunStroke Project is a Moldovan musical duo composed of Sergei Yalovitsky (vocals, composer) and Sergey Stepanov (saxophonist). They achieved fame for representing Moldova in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 with Olia Tira, and again in the 20 ...

Valeria Lukyanova Valeria Valeryevna Lukyanova ( uk, Вале́рія Вале́ріївна Лук'я́нова; russian: Валерия Валерьевна Лукьянова; born 1990/1991) is a Moldova-born Ukrainian model and entertainer of Russian origin ...

(born 1985 in Tiraspol) a Ukrainian model and entertainer, famous for her resemblance to a Barbie doll, lives in Moscow.

Politics

* Serhiy Kivalov (born 1954 in Tiraspol) Ukrainian politician, jurist, parliamentarian, head of Central Election Commission * Vladimir Mikhailovich Belyaev (born 18 March 1965 in Tiraspol) the minister of information and telecommunications *

Maya Parnas Maya Ivanovna Parnas (russian: Майя Ивановна Парнас, ro, Maia Parnas; born 15 May 1974 in Tiraspol, Moldavian SSR) is a Transnistrian politician and was the former acting Prime Minister of Transnistria , insignia = Tr ...

(born 1974 in Tiraspol) politician and was the former acting Prime Minister of Transnistria * Nina Shtanski (born 1977 in Tiraspol) former Transnistrian state politician, the Minister of Foreign Affairs 2012 to 2015 * Roman Khudyakov (born 1977 in Tiraspol) a Transnistrian-born Russian politician, chairman of the

Liberal Democratic Party of Pridnestrovie The Liberal Democratic Party of Pridnestrovie (LDPP), , uk, Ліберально-демократична партія Придністров'я is a nationalist and right-wing populist political party in the breakaway state of Transnistria, ...

Vladimir Yastrebchak Vladimir Valerevich Yastrebchak (russian: Владимир Валерьевич Ястребчак) (born 9 October 1979) was the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Transnistria.Olga Paterova (born in 1984 in Tiraspol) a politician, the press secretary for the political youth organization Breakthrough * Yury Cheban, Transnistrian Minister of Natural Resources and Ecological Control

Sport

* Constantin Nour (1906 or 1907 in Tiraspol – 1986) a Romanian champion middleweight boxer and national team trainer * Larisa Popova (born 1957 in Tiraspol) Moldovan rower who competed for the Soviet Union in the

1976 Summer Olympics Events January * January 3 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force. * January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea. * January 11 – The 1976 ...

Igor Samoilenco Igor Samoilenco (born April 17, 1977 in Tiraspol, Moldavian SSR) is a retired male boxer from Moldova. He twice represented his native Eastern European country at the Summer Olympics: 1996 and 2004. Samoilenco claimed a bronze medal at the 200 ...

(born 1977 in Tiraspol) retired male boxer from Moldova * Andrei Mihailov (born 1980 in Tiraspol) former backstroke swimmer, competed in the 2000 and the

2004 Summer Olympics The 2004 Summer Olympics ( el, Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2004, ), officially the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad ( el, Αγώνες της 28ης Ολυμπιάδας, ) and also known as Athens 2004 ( el, Αθήνα 2004), ...

* Andrei Corneencov (born 1982 in Tiraspol) former Moldovan international footballer. * Stanislau Tsivonchyk (born 1985 in Tiraspol) a Belarusian pole vaulter, competed in the pole vault at the

2012 Summer Olympics The 2012 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the XXX Olympiad and also known as London 2012) was an international multi-sport event held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London, England, United Kingdom. The first event, th ...

Vitalie Bulat Vitalie Bulat (born 14 September 1987) is a Moldovan footballer. Career Born in Tiraspol, in the Moldovan SSR, Soviet Union, Vitalie Bulat started his senior career in the season 2003–04 by playing with FC Sheriff-2 Tiraspol in the Moldova ...

(born 1987 in Tiraspol) Moldovan footballer * Oleksandr Kolchenko (born 1988 in Tiraspol) a Ukrainian basketball player for Cherkaski Mavpy and the Ukrainian national team * Dănilă Artiomov (born 1994 in Tiraspol) a Moldovan

breaststroke Breaststroke is a human swimming, swimming style in which the swimmer is on their chest and the torso does not rotate. It is the most popular recreational style due to the swimmer's head being out of the water a large portion of the time, and ...

swimmer *

Artur Dalaloyan Artur Grachyevich Dalaloyan (Russian: Артур Грачьевич Далалоян) born 26 April 1996 is a Russian artistic gymnast who represented ROC at the 2020 Summer Olympics. He was part of the teams who won gold at the 2020 Olympic G ...

(born 1996 in Tiraspol) a Russian

artistic gymnast Artistic gymnastics is a discipline of gymnastics in which athletes perform short routines on different apparatuses. The sport is governed by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG), which designs the Code of Points and regulates ...

of Armenian origin

Gallery

File:Tiraspol sign.JPG, Sign at the entrance to Tiraspol File:Monument to Suvorov - panoramio.jpg, The statue of

Suvorov Square Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (russian: Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Суво́ров, Aleksándr Vasíl'yevich Suvórov; or 1730) was a Russian general in service of the Russian Empire. He was Count of Rymnik, Count of the Ho ...

File:Tiraspolstreet.jpg, A street in central Tiraspol File:TIraspol Transnistria (11359980726).jpg, The Victory Park File:13.07.2008 - panoramio (2).jpg, The Dnestr river passing through Tiraspol File:Lenin Statue on 25 Oktober Street - Tiraspol - Transnistria (36701973581).jpg, The statue of Lenin in front of the

parliament In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government via hearings and inquiries. Th ...

building File:Street Scene - Tiraspol - Transnistria - 01 (36008035783).jpg, Street scene in Tiraspol File:House of Soviets - Tiraspol - Transnistria (36817336245).jpg, The House of Soviets File:Young Man on Soviet-Era Tank - Tiraspol - Transnistria (36420526970).jpg, Young man on a Soviet-era tank in Tiraspol File:Tiraspol IMG 3704 (8749893691).jpg, Tiraspol File:War Memorial-Tomb of the Unknown Soldier - Tiraspol - Transnistria (36008034023).jpg, War memorial and the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier File:Architectural Detail - Tiraspol - Transnistria - 01 (35982734024).jpg, Part of the Tiraspol city centre File:View along Dniester River - Tiraspol - Transnistria (36420533690).jpg, View along the Dniester river in Tiraspol

References

;Notes

External links

Non-Transnistrian links

* *
Tyraspol
(Tiraspol) in the '' Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland'' (1892)

Transnistrian links

Tiraspol.info
{{Authority control Cities and towns in Transnistria Cities and towns in Moldova Municipalities of Moldova Populated places on the Dniester Populated places established in 1792 1792 establishments in Europe Tiraspolsky Uyezd Holocaust locations in Moldova

Etymology

History

Classical history

Russian foundation

Soviet Tiraspol

Post-independence

Geography and climate

Demographics

Population

Religion

Culture

Sport

International relations

Twin towns – sister cities

Notable people

Politics

Sport

Gallery

References

Further reading

External links

Non-Transnistrian links

Transnistrian links