The following is a

timeline A timeline is a display of a list of events in chronological order. It is typically a graphic design showing a long bar labelled with dates paralleling it, and usually contemporaneous events. Timelines can use any suitable scale represen ...

of the

history History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well ...

Pretoria Pretoria () is South Africa's administrative capital, serving as the seat of the executive branch of government, and as the host to all foreign embassies to South Africa. Pretoria straddles the Apies River and extends eastward into the foothi ...

, in the

City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (also known as the City of Tshwane) () is the metropolitan municipality that forms the local government of northern Gauteng Province, South Africa. The Metropolitan area is centred on the city of P ...

Gauteng Gauteng ( ) is one of the nine provinces of South Africa. The name in Sotho-Tswana languages means 'place of gold'. Situated on the Highveld, Gauteng is the smallest province by land area in South Africa. Although Gauteng accounts for only ...

province,

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring coun ...

Ancient

*200 000 ya artefacts found in a rock shelter on the Erasmus Castle property.

19th century

*1825 **

Mzilikazi Mzilikazi Moselekatse, Khumalo ( 1790 – 9 September 1868) was a Southern African king who founded the Mthwakazi Kingdom now known as Matebeleland, in Zimbabwe. His name means "the great river of blood". He was born the son of Mashobane kaMan ...

arrives in the Transvaal region. **

Mfecane The Mfecane ( isiZulu, Zulu pronunciation: ̩fɛˈkǀaːne, also known by the Sesotho names Difaqane or Lifaqane (all meaning "crushing, scattering, forced dispersal, forced migration") is a historical period of heightened military conflict ...

, or the genocide of the people of the Transvaal by Mzilikazi lasts until 1840. *1837 ** Mzilikazi and the Matabele defeated by the Voortrekkers and forced to flee across the Limpopo river *1840 **First permanent white settlers in the Pretoria area. * 1848 **David Botha builds a farmhouse that would later become the

Pionier Museum Pionier Opelug Museum (Afrikaans for the Pioneer Open-air Museum), is a cultural and "living" museum in the eastern suburbs of Pretoria that reflects the lifestyle of early pioneers or " Voortrekkers" of the early 19th century. It is housed in t ...

. *1852 **17 January: The Sand River Convention signed granting the Voortrekkers north of the Vaal river ( Transvaal) self-government as the

South African Republic The South African Republic ( nl, Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek, abbreviated ZAR; af, Suid-Afrikaanse Republiek), also known as the Transvaal Republic, was an independent Boer Republic in Southern Africa which existed from 1852 to 1902, when i ...

*1853 **16 November: The establishment of the Volksraad (parliament) of the South African Republic. ** M.W. Pretorius buys the farms of Elandspoort and Koedoespoort and later in November of the same year the town of Pretoria is founded on the two adjoining farms. * 1855 **Pretoria founded by Voortrekkers to be the capital of the new

Transvaal Republic The South African Republic ( nl, Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek, abbreviated ZAR; af, Suid-Afrikaanse Republiek), also known as the Transvaal Republic, was an independent Boer Republic in Southern Africa which existed from 1852 to 1902, when i ...

. * 1867 **

Cullinan diamond The Cullinan Diamond is the largest gem-quality rough diamond ever found,Scarratt and Shor, p. 120. weighing (1 lb 5.92 oz), discovered at the Premier No.2 mine in Cullinan, South Africa, on 26 January 1905. It was named after Thomas Cull ...

field discovered near Pretoria. * 1873 **

University of South Africa The University of South Africa (UNISA), known colloquially as Unisa, is the largest university system in South Africa by enrollment. It attracts a third of all higher education students in South Africa. Through various colleges and affiliates, U ...

founded. ** '' De Volkstem'' Dutch/English-language

newspaper A newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about current events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background. Newspapers can cover a wide variety of fields such as politics, business, spor ...

begins publication. * 1874 ** Burgers Park layout of Pretoria's first botanical gardens. * 1877 **British annexation of the Transvaal * 1879 ** St. Mary's Diocesan School for Girls was established. * 1880 ** 16 December: Outbreak of the

First Boer War The First Boer War ( af, Eerste Vryheidsoorlog, literally "First Freedom War"), 1880–1881, also known as the First Anglo–Boer War, the Transvaal War or the Transvaal Rebellion, was fought from 16 December 1880 until 23 March 1881 betwee ...

**December: The city is besieged by

an forces. * 1881 ** March: The city is once again besieged by

an forces. **3 August: Pretoria Convention peace treaty signed ending the

. Transvaal independence reinstated with Pretoria as capital. * 1884 ** Kruger House built. * 1886 ** Melrose House built. * 1892 ** Raadsaal (Transvaal parliament) rebuilt. ** State Museum founded focusing mostly on Natural History. ** Burgers Park laid out as the city's first botanical gardens. * 1896 city plan, 1895 ** Staats Model School built. * 1897 ** 6 April: Fort Schanskop built. ** 8 June: Palace of Justice built. ** 4 September: Fort Wonderboompoort built. * 1898 ** 18 January:

Fort Klapperkop The Pretoria Forts consists of four forts built by the government of the South African Republic (ZAR) just before the outbreak of the Second Anglo-Boer War around their capital of Pretoria. History After the abortive Jameson Raid, the governm ...

built. ** November: Fort Daspoortrand built. **

Pretoria News ''Pretoria News'' is a daily English-medium newspaper established in 1898 in South Africa's capital city Pretoria. It is distributed in the Tshwane Metropolitan area. ''Pretoria News'' covers a range of local news, as well as national and int ...

founded. * 1899 **

Zoo A zoo (short for zoological garden; also called an animal park or menagerie) is a facility in which animals are kept within enclosures for public exhibition and often bred for conservation purposes. The term ''zoological garden'' refers to z ...

founded. * 1900 **5 June: British forces occupy the city.

20th century

1900s-1940s

* 1901 -

Pretoria Boys High School , motto_translation = "Through courage and labour" , location = , streetaddress = 251 Roper Street, Brooklyn , region = , city = Pretoria , province ...

founded. * 1902 ** 31 May: The

Treaty of Vereeniging The Treaty of Vereeniging was a peace treaty, signed on 31 May 1902, that ended the Second Boer War between the South African Republic and the Orange Free State, on the one side, and the United Kingdom on the other. This settlement provided f ...

is signed in Melrose House marking the end of the

Second Boer War The Second Boer War ( af, Tweede Vryheidsoorlog, , 11 October 189931 May 1902), also known as the Boer War, the Anglo–Boer War, or the South African War, was a conflict fought between the British Empire and the two Boer Republics (the So ...

and the establishment of the British

Transvaal Colony The Transvaal Colony () was the name used to refer to the Transvaal region during the period of direct British rule and military occupation between the end of the Second Boer War in 1902 when the South African Republic was dissolved, and the ...

. **

Pretoria High School for Girls Pretoria High School for Girls (Simply often known as PHSG), is a full-government, fee-charging, English-medium high school for girls located in Hatfield, Pretoria in the Gauteng province of South Africa. It is the sister school to Pretoria Bo ...

founded. ** Premier diamond mine begins operating near Pretoria at Cullinan. * 1903 - "Local self-government granted." * 1905 ** Lady Selbourne suburb established. ** Large

Cullinan Diamond The Cullinan Diamond is the largest gem-quality rough diamond ever found,Scarratt and Shor, p. 120. weighing (1 lb 5.92 oz), discovered at the Premier No.2 mine in Cullinan, South Africa, on 26 January 1905. It was named after Thomas Cull ...

discovered near Pretoria. * 1906 - Imported jacaranda trees planted. * 1910 ** Pretoria becomes the administrative capital of the British colonial

Union of South Africa The Union of South Africa ( nl, Unie van Zuid-Afrika; af, Unie van Suid-Afrika; ) was the historical predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa. It came into existence on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the Cape, Natal, Tr ...

. **

Pretoria railway station Pretoria railway station is the central station in Pretoria, the executive capital of South Africa. It is located between Pretoria's central business district and Salvokop, in a 1910 building designed by Herbert Baker. It is the terminus of vario ...

rebuilt. * 1913 -

Union Buildings The Union Buildings ( af, Uniegebou) form the official seat of the South African Government and also house the offices of the President of South Africa. The imposing buildings are located in Pretoria, atop Meintjieskop at the northern end of ...

constructed in Arcadia. * 1920 **

Afrikaanse Hoër Meisieskool Afrikaanse Hoër Meisieskool Pretoria (Colloquially known as Meisies Hoër) is a public, Afrikaans medium high school for girls situated in the suburb of Clydesdale in Pretoria in the Gauteng province of South Africa. It is the sister school o ...

founded. **

Afrikaanse Hoër Seunskool Afrikaanse Hoër Seunskool (also known as Affies), is a public Afrikaans medium high school for boys situated in the suburb of Elandspoort in Pretoria in the Gauteng province of South Africa. The school was founded in 1920 by Jan Joubert and ...

founded. * 1922 - Christian Brothers' College was founded. * 1923 **

Stadium A stadium ( : stadiums or stadia) is a place or venue for (mostly) outdoor sports, concerts, or other events and consists of a field or stage either partly or completely surrounded by a tiered structure designed to allow spectators to stand o ...

built in Arcadia. **

Waterkloof House Preparatory School Waterkloof House Preparatory School (WHPS, pronounced, and commonly known as, ''WHiPS'') is an independent (private) primary school in Pretoria, South Africa, offering education to grade 000 and grade 00 boys and girls, and grade 0–7 boys onl ...

was founded. * 1930 -

University of Pretoria The University of Pretoria ( af, Universiteit van Pretoria, nso, Yunibesithi ya Pretoria) is a multi-campus public research university in Pretoria, the administrative and de facto capital of South Africa. The university was established in 1908 ...

was founded. * 1931 ** Capitol Theatre (cinema) opens. ** 14 October: Pretoria receives official city status. * 1935 -

Pretoria City Hall Pretoria City Hall is a large building in Pretoria city centre, South Africa, which was built in 1931 and inaugurated in 1935 in order to celebrate the city-status of Pretoria obtained in 1931. It is located on the Paul Kruger Street south of ...

built. * 1939 - 1 July: Trolleybuses in Pretoria begin operating. * 1940 -

Atteridgeville Atteridgeville is a township located to the west of Pretoria, South Africa. It is located to the east of Saulsville, to the west of West Park; to the north of Laudium and to the south of Lotus Gardens. The settlement was established in 1939, ...

suburb established. * 1942 - Danville suburb established. * 1946 ** June:

Pretoria National Botanical Garden The Pretoria National Botanical Garden is one of South Africa's nine National Botanical Gardens. The garden is wedged between Pretoria Road and Cussonia Avenue in Brummeria, in eastern Pretoria, Gauteng, and flanks a central rocky ridge that run ...

established in the east of the city. ** Population: 167,649 city; 244,496 urban agglomeration. * 1948 **

Groenkloof Groenkloof (Afrikaans for 'Green ravine') is a residential suburb of Pretoria, South Africa. This wealthy suburb in Pretoria is famous for its white Jacaranda trees. It is close to the city centre, and to the well-known Brooklyn Square and Me ...

suburb established. ** Catholic Vicariate of Pretoria established. ** Clapham High School was founded. * 1949 ** Hercules becomes part of Pretoria. **

Voortrekker Monument The Voortrekker Monument is located just south of Pretoria in South Africa. The granite structure is located on a hilltop, and was raised to commemorate the Voortrekkers who left the Cape Colony between 1835 and 1854. It was designed by the a ...

erected. ** Die Hoërskool Wonderboom founded.

1950s-1990s

* 1951 ** Menlo Park suburb was established ** Pretoria North High School was founded ** Population: 231,710 city; 285,379 urban agglomeration. ** Vlakfontein township established. * 1952 - Hoërskool Oos-Moot was founded. * 1955 ** Centenary of Pretoria celebrations under the mayoralty of

Hilgard Muller Hilgard Muller, (4 May 1914 – 10 July 1985) was a South African politician of the National Party, Mayor of Pretoria in 1953–1955, elected an MP in 1958, appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs after the resignation of Eric Louw ...

** The old German community hall is acquired by the National Theatre Organisation (NTO) and converted into the Breytenbach Theatre. **

Hillview High School Hillview High School is a public English medium co-educational high school situated in the suburb of Roseville in the city of Pretoria in the Gauteng province of South Africa. Sport Sport is not compulsory, as the school believes that th ...

was founded. * 1956 ** 9 August Women's march. ** Historical Association of South Africa headquartered in Pretoria. * 1958 - 17 November The first theatre production opens at the Breytenbach Theatre. * 1959 - "Treason trial" of ANC leaders begins. * 1960 -

Laudium Laudium () is an Indian township (apartheid classification) in southwest of central Pretoria, in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. Claudius is a residential suburb that is effectively an extension of Laudium. History Older aer ...

township and Africa Institute of South Africa established. * 1961 - City becomes capital of the

Republic of South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countr ...

. * 1962 - Eersterus area established. * 1963 ** Die Hoërskool Menlopark was founded. **

St. Alban's College St. Alban's College is a private, boarding, English medium and day high school for boys situated in the suburb of Lynnwood Glen in Pretoria in the Gauteng province of South Africa. It was founded in 1963 by Anton Murray. Its history, influenc ...

was founded. ** 9 October:

Rivonia Trial The Rivonia Trial took place in South Africa between 9 October 1963 and 12 June 1964, and led to the imprisonment of Nelson Mandela and the others among the accused who were convicted of sabotage and sentenced to life at the Palace of Justic ...

begins. *1964 ** 12 June: In the

Nelson Mandela Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (; ; 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid activist who served as the first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the ...

's original 5-year sentence is extended to

life sentence Life imprisonment is any sentence of imprisonment for a crime under which convicted people are to remain in prison for the rest of their natural lives or indefinitely until pardoned, paroled, or otherwise commuted to a fixed term. Crimes ...

for high

treason Treason is the crime of attacking a state authority to which one owes allegiance. This typically includes acts such as participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to overthrow its government, spying on its military, its diplo ...

together with

Denis Goldberg Denis Theodore Goldberg (11 April 1933 – 29 April 2020) was a South African social campaigner, who was active in the struggle against apartheid. He was accused No. 3 in the Rivonia Trial, alongside the better-known Nelson Mandela and Walter ...

Ahmed Kathrada Ahmed Mohamed Kathrada (21 August 1929 – 28 March 2017), sometimes known by the nickname "Kathy", was a South African politician and anti-apartheid activist. Kathrada's involvement in the anti-apartheid activities of the African National Con ...

, Govan Mbeki,

Raymond Mhlaba Raymond Mphakamisi Mhlaba (12 February 1920 – 20 February 2005) was an anti-apartheid activist, Communist and leader of the African National Congress (ANC) also as well the first premier of the Eastern Cape. Mhlaba spent 25 years of his life ...

Andrew Mlangeni Andrew Mokete Mlangeni (6 June 192521 July 2020), also known as Percy Mokoena, Mokete Mokoena, and Rev. Mokete Mokoena, was a South African political activist and anti-apartheid campaigner who, along with Nelson Mandela and others, was imprison ...

Elias Motsoaledi Elias Mathope Motsoaledi (26 July 1924 – 9 May 1994) was a South African anti-apartheid activist and one of the eight men sentenced to life imprisonment at the Rivonia Trial in July 1963 and paternal uncle to South African politician and m ...

and

Walter Sisulu Walter Max Ulyate Sisulu (18 May 1912 – 5 May 2003) was a South African anti-apartheid activist and member of the African National Congress (ANC). Between terms as ANC Secretary-General (1949–1954) and ANC Deputy President (1991–1994), h ...

at the Palace of Justice. ** 6 November:

Vuyisile Mini Vuyisile Mini (8 April 1920 – 6 November 1964) was a unionist, Umkhonto we Sizwe activist, singer and one of the first African National Congress members to be executed by apartheid South Africa. Early life Mini was born in 1920 in Tsomo i ...

is being hanged due to

death penalty Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the state-sanctioned practice of deliberately killing a person as a punishment for an actual or supposed crime, usually following an authorized, rule-governed process to conclude that ...

for treason together with Wilson Khayinga and Zinakile Mkaba. ** November: In the Little Rivonia Trial, sentence was introduced for another treason:

Wilton Mkwayi Wilton Zimasile Mkwayi (17 December 1923 – 24 July 2004) was an African National Congress veteran and one of the first six members of Umkonto weSizwe to be sent for military training. Early life Wilton “Bri-Bri” Zimasile Mkwayi was born ...

received

;

Dave Kitson David Barry Kitson (born 21 January 1980) is an English former professional footballer who played as a forward. He made 420 appearances in the Premier League and Football League, including 135 for Reading. Kitson began his career with non-Le ...

twenty years; Laloo Chiba eighteen years; John Matthews fifteen years and

Mac Maharaj Sathyandranath Ragunanan "Mac" Maharaj (born 22 April 1936 in Newcastle, Natal) is a retired South African politician affiliated with the African National Congress, academic and businessman of Indian origin. He was the official spokesperson ...

twelve years. * 1966 - Fort Klapperkop is restored and turned into the Fort Klapperkop Military Museum. * 1970 ** Population: 543,950 city; 561,703 urban agglomeration. **

Mamelodi Sundowns Mamelodi Sundowns Football Club (simply known as Sundowns) is a South African professional football club based in Mamelodi, Pretoria in the Gauteng province that plays in the Premier Soccer League, the first tier of South African football ...

was established. * 1972 **

Daspoort Tunnel The Ollie Deneyschen Tunnel, usually called the Daspoort Tunnel is a road tunnel in Pretoria, South Africa. It connects the suburbs of Claremont and Danville. It was constructed after Pretoria City Councillor A.P. Deneyschen noticed that Isc ...

opens. **21 February: Trolleybuses in Pretoria cease operating. * 1974 -

Hoërskool Overkruin Hoërskool Overkruin is a public In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individual people, and the public (a.k.a. the general public) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociol ...

was founded. * 1975 -

opens in the oldest extant structure in Pretoria, a farmhouse circa 1848. * 1976 -

The Glen High School The Glen High School is a public English medium co-educational high school situated in the suburb of Waterkloof Glen in Pretoria in the Gauteng province of South Africa. It's one of the top and most academic schools in Gauteng. The school ...

was founded. * 1976 -

Soshanguve Soshanguve is a township situated about 30 km north of Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa along Mabopane, and Ga-Rankuwa. The name Soshanguve is an acronym for Sotho, Shangaan, Nguni and Venda, thus showing the multi-ethnic composition of the ...

suburb was founded * 1977 - 12 September: Death of

Steve Biko Bantu Stephen Biko (18 December 1946 – 12 September 1977) was a South African anti-apartheid activist. Ideologically an African nationalist and African socialist, he was at the forefront of a grassroots anti-apartheid campaign known ...

. * 1979 **

Hoërskool Waterkloof Hoërskool Waterkloof (colloquially known as Klofies) is a public Afrikaans medium co-educational high school situated in the eastern suburbs of Pretoria in the Gauteng province of South Africa. It is one of the most expensive Afrikaans medium sc ...

was founded. ** 6 April Solomon Mahlangu, Umkhonto we Sizwe operative hanged due to

. **

Menlyn Park Menlyn Park Shopping Centre is a large shopping mall in Menlyn, Pretoria, South Africa, owned by development company Pareto. It is designed around three spaces – the Food Court, the keyhole malls and focal points, and a large internal garden s ...

shopping mall in business. * 1981 ** State Theatre opens. ** Hoërskool Montana was founded. * 1983 ** 20 May: Church Street bombing was perpetrated by Umkhonto we Sizwe, the military wing of the

African National Congress The African National Congress (ANC) is a social-democratic political party in South Africa. A liberation movement known for its opposition to apartheid, it has governed the country since 1994, when the first post-apartheid election install ...

. The bombing killed 19, including two perpetrators, and wounded 217, ** Hoërskool Die Wilgers was founded. * 1984 - Atteridgeville-Saulsville Residents Organisation formed. * 1985 ** 28 February

was released from custody of Apartheid government after spending 22 years in Pretoria Central Prison white prison. **Large Golden Jubilee Diamond discovered near Pretoria **21 November The Mamelodi Massacre occurs after 8000 protesters march on the Mamelodi Town Council due to high rent. Thirteen people lost their lives. ** Population: 443,059 city; 822,925 urban agglomeration. * 1986 - Idasa institute founded. * 1987 - Willowridge High School was founded. * 1988 - Hoërskool Garsfontein was founded. * 1991 ** Institute for Security Studies established. ** Population: 525,583 city; 1,080,187 metro. * 1993 -

Radio Pretoria Pretoria FM, formerly ''Radio Pretoria'' is an Afrikaans community-based radio station in Pretoria, South Africa. It broadcasts 24 hours a day in stereo on 104.2 FM in the greater Pretoria area. Various other transmitters (with their own freque ...

and

Tuks FM Tuks FM is the radio station of the University of Pretoria and one of South Africa's community broadcasters. It was one of the first community broadcasters in South Africa to be given an FM licence. Previously renowned for its alternative rock ...

radio begin broadcasting. * 1994 ** City becomes part of the newly established Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vaal province (later

). ** Inauguration of South African

president President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...

. **

Pro Arte Alphen Park Pro Arte Alphen Park is a semi-private art school English medium co-educational high school situated in the suburb of Menlopark in Pretoria in Gauteng province of South Africa. It also has boarding facilities, It is one of the top and most ac ...

was founded. * 1996 ** Population: 692,348 city. ** Area of city: 229 square miles. **

South African Local Government Association The South African Local Government Association (SALGA) is a national, voluntary political association in South Africa. It is a public entity composed of South Africa's local governments. The association's members are made of all South Africa's 257 ...

headquartered in Pretori

* 2000 ** 5 December: Pretoria becomes the seat of the newly established

. ** ''Impak''

begins publication. ** June: University of Pretoria's

Mapungubwe Museum The Mapungubwe Collection curated by at the University of Pretoria Museums comprises archaeological material excavated by the University of Pretoria at the Mapungubwe archaeological site since its discovery in 1933. The archaeological collection co ...

opens. ** Crawford College was founded.

21st century

* 2001 **

Website A website (also written as a web site) is a collection of web pages and related content that is identified by a common domain name and published on at least one web server. Examples of notable websites are Google, Facebook, Amazon, and W ...

''Tshwane.gov.za'' launched. ** Woodhill College was founded. *2002 **30 July:

Pretoria Accord The Pretoria Accord was a July 2002 agreement made between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in an attempt to bring about an end to the Second Congo War. Rwanda agreed to the withdrawal of the estimated 20,000 Rwandan troops f ...

signed in Pretoria. It was an agreement made between

Rwanda Rwanda (; rw, u Rwanda ), officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of Central Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equator ...

and the

Democratic Republic of the Congo The Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: République démocratique du Congo (RDC), colloquially "La RDC" ), informally Congo-Kinshasa, DR Congo, the DRC, the DROC, or the Congo, and formerly and also colloquially Zaire, is a country in ...

(DRC) in an attempt to bring about an end to the

Second Congo War The Second Congo War,, group=lower-alpha also known as the Great War of Africa or the Great African War and sometimes referred to as the African World War, began in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in August 1998, little more than a year a ...

. * 2004 **

Tshwane University of Technology Tshwane University of Technology (TUT; af, Tshwane-Universiteit vir Tegnologie) is a higher education institution in South Africa that came into being through a merger of three technikons — Technikon Northern Gauteng, Technikon North-West an ...

established by merging several former institutions. ** 8 March:

Freedom Park In the Philippines, a freedom park is a centrally located public space where political gatherings, rallies and demonstrations may be held without the need of prior permission from government authorities. Similar to free speech zones in the United S ...

is inaugurated by

Thabo Mbeki Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki KStJ (; born 18 June 1942) is a South African politician who was the second president of South Africa from 14 June 1999 to 24 September 2008, when he resigned at the request of his party, the African National Congress (ANC ...

. ** Woodlands Boulevard shopping centre in business. * 2005 **December: Shanty town unrest. * 2007 - Tyger Valley College was founded. * 2008 **August:

Congress of South African Trade Unions The Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) is a trade union federation in South Africa. It was founded in 1985 and is the largest of the country's three main trade union federations, with 21 affiliated trade unions.One Union expelled ...

demonstration. **

Ditsong Museums of South Africa Ditsong Museums is an amalgamation of eight museums in the Pretoria and Johannesburg environs in the Gauteng Province. The museums "have diverse collections covering the fields of fauna and flora, palaeontology Paleontology (), also spelled ...

is created in order to manage several Museums in Pretoria and Johannesburg. *2011 ** Gautrain begins operating with stations at Hatfield, Pretoria Central and Centurion. ** August: Economic protest. **

Kgosientso Ramokgopa Kgosientsho or Kgosientso "Sputla" Ramokgopa (born 25 January 1975) is a South African politician who was the Mayor of Tshwane from 2010 to 2016. He was also a Member of the Executive Council in the Gauteng provincial government in 2019 and c ...

becomes mayor of Tshwane. **

Population Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world. Governments typically quantify the size of the resident population within their jurisdiction usi ...

: 2,921,488 in Tshwane. * 2012 **11 July: Construction begins on the

A Re Yeng A, or a, is the first letter and the first vowel of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''a'' (pronounced ), plural ''aes ...

rapid bus transit system. * 2013 **31 January: Train collision injuring 300 people near the Kalafong station. * 2014 **

Air pollution Air pollution is the contamination of air due to the presence of substances in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials. There are many different type ...

in Tshwane reaches annual mean of 51 PM2.5 and 63

PM10 Particulates – also known as atmospheric aerosol particles, atmospheric particulate matter, particulate matter (PM) or suspended particulate matter (SPM) – are microscopic particles of solid or liquid matter suspended in the air. The ...

, more than recommended. ** 1 December:

rapid bus transit system launches. * 2016 ** 20–23 June:

Riots A riot is a form of civil disorder commonly characterized by a group lashing out in a violent public disturbance against authority, property, or people. Riots typically involve destruction of property, public or private. The property targeted ...

broke out in Tshwane over the ANC's selection of

Thoko Didiza Angela Thoko Didiza (born 2 June 1965) is a South African politician currently serving as Minister of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development. She held the post of Minister of Agriculture and Land Affairs from 17 June 1999 to 22 May 2006 ...

as mayoral candidate for Tshwane. The Tshwane riots result in the deaths of at least five people after it turned

xenophobic Xenophobia () is the fear or dislike of anything which is perceived as being foreign or strange. It is an expression of perceived conflict between an in-group and out-group and may manifest in suspicion by the one of the other's activities, a ...

in nature. **19 August:

Solly Msimanga Solly Tshepiso Msimanga (born 16 July 1980) is a South African politician serving as the Leader of the Opposition in the Gauteng Provincial Legislature since May 2019. He has been a Member of the Gauteng Provincial Legislature since February 2 ...

of the Democratic Alliance is sworn in as the Executive Mayor after the 2016 Municipal Elections. * 2017 ** 24 February: An Anti-Immigration Protest resulting in the arrest of 136 protesters. ** 1 April: The grand opening of Time Square, Pretoria the second biggest casino complex in South Africa. * 2019 **11 February:

resigns as mayor **12 February 2019:

Stevens Mokgalapa Stevens Mokgalapa (born 9 April 1977) is a South African politician who served as the Mayor of Tshwane from 2019 to 2020. A former member of the Democratic Alliance (DA), he served as a Member of the National Assembly from 2009 to 2019. Within ...

is elected mayor. **23 August 2019: Hoërskool Hendrik Verwoerd becomes as the newly Rietondale High School.

References

''This article incorporates information from the Afrikaans Wikipedia and

French Wikipedia The French Wikipedia (french: Wikipédia en français) is the French-language edition of Wikipedia, the free online encyclopedia. This edition was started on 23 March 2001, two months after the official creation of Wikipedia. It has articl ...

.''

Bibliography

;Published in 20th century * * * * ;Published in 21st century * * *

External links

* (Directory of South African archival and memory institutions and organisations) * (Images, etc.) * (Images, etc.) * (Bibliography) * (Bibliography) * (Bibliography) * (Bibliography of

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articles) * {{Timelines of cities in Africa *

Pretoria-related lists

pretoria Pretoria () is South Africa's administrative capital, serving as the seat of the executive branch of government, and as the host to all foreign embassies to South Africa. Pretoria straddles the Apies River and extends eastward into the foothi ...

Ancient

19th century

20th century

1900s-1940s

1950s-1990s

21st century

See also

References

Bibliography

External links