This article presents a timeline of Philippine political history focused on governmental transitions of the Philippine archipelago, major

polities A polity is an identifiable political entity – a group of people with a collective identity, who are organized by some form of institutionalized social relations, and have a capacity to mobilize resources. A polity can be any other group of p ...

invasion An invasion is a Offensive (military), military offensive in which large numbers of combatants of one geopolitics, geopolitical Legal entity, entity aggressively enter territory (country subdivision), territory owned by another such entity, gen ...

attempts, and

insurgency An insurgency is a violent, armed rebellion against authority waged by small, lightly armed bands who practice guerrilla warfare from primarily rural base areas. The key descriptive feature of insurgency is its asymmetric nature: small irr ...

movements from the

pre-Hispanic In the history of the Americas, the pre-Columbian era spans from the original settlement of North and South America in the Upper Paleolithic period through European colonization, which began with Christopher Columbus's voyage of 1492. Usually, th ...

period to the present.This article may be incomplete; lacking, in particular, information regarding the MNLF,

MILF MILF (, as if read as "milf") is an acronym that stands for "Mother I'd Like to Fuck". This abbreviation is used in colloquial English, instead of the whole phrase. It connotes an older woman considered sexually attractive, typically one who has ...

and

Abu Sayyaf Abu Sayyaf (; ar, جماعة أبو سياف; ', ASG), officially known by the Islamic State as the Islamic State – East Asia Province, is a Jihadist militant and pirate group that follows the Wahhabi doctrine of Sunni Islam. It is base ...

groups which should possibly be included. See e.g., the

Civil conflict in the Philippines The civil conflict in the Philippines as of February 2019, consists of an insurgency pitting government forces against Maoist rebels, that began in 1969 during the rule of Ferdinand Marcos. *the communist rebellion in the Philippines *the Mor ...

article. The information presented here is highly summarized, and more complete information can be found in more detailed articles linked below.

Chronology

**** Francisco de la Cuesta **** Toribio José Cosio y Campo **** Fernándo Valdés y Tamon **** Gaspar de la Torre **** Juan Arrechederra **** José Francisco de Obando y Solis **** Pedro Manuel de Arandía Santisteban **** Miguel Lino de Ezpeleta **** Manuel Rojo **** Simón de Anda y Salazar **** Francisco Javíer de la Torre **** José Raón **** Simón de Anda y Salazar **** Pedro Sarrio ****

José Basco y Vargas José Basco y Vargas, 1st Count of the Conquest of Batanes Islands ( (1733–1805) was a naval officer of the Spanish Navy who served as the 53rd governor of the Spanish Philippines under the Spanish Empire, from 1778 to 1787. An "economic minde ...

**** Pedro de Sarrio **** Félix Berenguer de Marquina **** Rafael María de Aguilar y Ponce de León **** Mariano Fernández de Folgueras **** Manuel Gonzalez de Aguilar **** José Gardoqui Jaraveitia *** Crown colony **** Juan Antonio Martínez **** Marinao Ricafort Palacín y Ararca **** Pascual Enrile y Alcedo **** Gabriel de Torres **** Juan Crámen **** Pedro Antonio Salazar Castillo y Varona **** Andrés García Camba **** Luis Lardizábal **** Marcelino de Oraá Lecumberri **** Francisco de Paula Alcalá de la Torre ****

Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa Narciso José Anastasio Clavería y Zaldúa (Catalan: ''Narcís Josep Anastasi Claveria i Zaldua''; 2 May 1795 – 20 June 1851) was a Spanish army officer who served as the Governor-General of the Philippines from July 16 1844 to December 26 1 ...

**** Antonio María Blanco ***** Antonio de Urbistondo y Eguía **** Ramón Montero y Blandino **** Manuel Pavía y Lay **** Ramón Montero y Blandino **** Manuel Crespo y Cebrían **** Fernándo Norzagaray y Escudero **** Ramón María Solano y LLanderal **** Juan Herrera Dávila **** José Lemery É Ibarrola Ney y González **** Salvador Valdés **** Rafael de Echaque **** Joaquín del Solar É Ibáñez **** Juan de Lara É Irigoyen **** José Laureano de Sanz y Posse **** Antonio Osorio **** Joaquín del Solar ****

José de la Gándara y Navarro José de la Gándara y Navarro (15 October 1820, in Zaragoza – 1 September 1885, in Biarritz) was a Spanish soldier. Biography He entered the military College as a cadet in 1832, joined the army in 1834 as sublieutenant, and served in the ca ...

****

Manuel Maldonado Manuel Maldonado Vargas (born 5 October 1999) is a Venezuelan racing driver currently racing in the Euroformula Open Championship for Team Motopark. He is the cousin of former Formula One driver Pastor Maldonado. Career Italian F4 Maldonado ...

**** Cárlos María de la Torre y Nava Cerrada **** Rafael de Izquierdo y Gutíerrez **** Manuel Mac-crohon **** Juan Alminos y Pe Vivar **** Manuel Blanco Valderrama **** José Malcampo y Monje **** Domingo Moriones y Murillo **** Rafael Rodríguez Arias ****

Fernando Primo de Rivera Fernando Primo de Rivera y Sobremonte, 1st Marquess of Estella (24 July 1831 – 23 May 1921) was a Spanish politician and soldier. Fernando Primo de Rivera was the son of Antonio Hermenegildo Primo de Rivera y Sobremonte and his wife Ana Ma ...

**** Emilio Molíns **** Joaquín Jovellar **** Emilio Terrero y Perinat **** Antonio Molto **** Federico Lobaton **** Valeriano Wéyler ****

Eulogio Despujol Eulogio Despujol y Dusay (Catalan: ''Eulogi Despujol i Dusay''; 11 March 1834 – 18 October 1907) served as the Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines between 1891 and 1893. Alfonso XII granted him the nobiliary title of Count of Caspe aft ...

**** Federico Ochando **** Ramón Blanco ****

Camilo Polavieja Camilo is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include: Given name * Camilo Albornoz (born 2000), Argentine footballer * Camilo Cascolan (born 1964), Filipino law enforcement officer * Camilo Castelo Branco, Portuguese wri ...

**** Basilio Agustín **** Mario Jaudenes **** Agustin De Los Rios **** José de Lachambre ** Philippine Revolution ***

La Liga Filipina La Liga Filipina () was a secret organization. It was founded by José Rizal in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco at Ilaya Street, Tondo, Manila on July 3, 1892. The organization derived from La Solidaridad and the Propaganda movement. The purpose ...

**** José Rizal **** Marcelo H. del Pilar ****

Graciano López Jaena Graciano López y Jaena (; December 18, 1856 – January 20, 1896), commonly known as Graciano López Jaena, was a Filipino journalist, orator, reformist, and national hero who is well known for his newspaper, ''La Solidaridad''. Philippine ...

****

Mariano Ponce Mariano Ponce y Collantes (March 22, 1863 – May 23, 1918) was a Filipino physician, writer and active member of the Propaganda Movement. In Spain, he was among the founders of ''La Solidaridad'' and ''Asociación Hispano-Filipino''. Among his ...

**** La Solidaridad ***

Katipunan The Katipunan, officially known as the Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan or Kataastaasan Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK; en, Supreme and Honorable Association of the Children of the Nation ...

**** Andrés Bonifacio ****

Emilio Jacinto Emilio Jacinto y Dizon (; December 15, 1875 – April 16, 1899) was a Filipino general during the Philippine Revolution. He was one of the highest-ranking officers in the Philippine Revolution and was one of the highest-ranking officers of the ...

****

Melchora Aquino Melchora Aquino de Ramos (January 6, 1812 – February 19, 1919) was a Filipino revolutionary. She became known as "Tandang Sora" because of her age during the Philippine Revolution. She was known as the "Grand Woman of the Revolution" an ...

*** **** Emilio Aguinaldo ****

Mariano Trías Mariano Trías y Closas ( : October 12, 1868 – February 22, 1914) is considered to be the first ''de facto'' Philippine Vice President of that revolutionary government established at the Tejeros Convention - an assembly of Philippine revo ...

****

Baldomero Aguinaldo Baldomero Aguinaldo y Baloy (February 27, 1869 – February 4, 1915) was a leader of the Philippine Revolution. He was the first cousin of Emilio Aguinaldo, the first president of the Philippines, as well as the grandfather of Cesar Virata, a ...

***

Spanish–American War , partof = the Philippine Revolution, the decolonization of the Americas, and the Cuban War of Independence , image = Collage infobox for Spanish-American War.jpg , image_size = 300px , caption = (cloc ...

** American territory *** Philippine–American War *** US Military Government ****

Wesley Merritt Wesley Merritt (June 16, 1836December 3, 1910) was an American major general who served in the cavalry of the United States Army during the American Civil War, American Indian Wars The American Indian Wars, also known as the American Frontier ...

**** Elwell S. Otis **** Arthur MacArthur, Jr. **** Adna Chaffee *** **** Emilio Aguinaldo *****

Apolinario Mabini Apolinario Mabini y Maranan (, July 23, 1864 – May 13, 1903) was a Filipino revolutionary leader, educator, lawyer, and statesman who served first as a legal and constitutional adviser to the Revolutionary Government, and then as the firs ...

*****

Pedro Paterno Pedro Alejandro Paterno y de Vera IgnacioGarcía Castellón, Manuel. (February 27, 1857 – April 26, 1911, 993 pages) was a Filipino politician infamous for being a turncoat. He was also a poet and a novelist. His intervention on behalf of th ...

*****

Antonio Luna Antonio Narciso Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta (; October 29, 1866 – June 5, 1899) was a Filipino army general who fought in the Philippine–American War before his assassination in 1899. Regarded as one of the fiercest generals of hi ...

*****

Gregorio del Pilar Gregorio Hilario del Pilar y Sempio (; ; November 14, 1875 – December 2, 1899) was a Filipino general of the Philippine Revolutionary Army during the Philippine–American War. As one of the youngest generals in the Revolutionary Army, he ...

*** US Insular Government ****

William Howard Taft William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857March 8, 1930) was the 27th president of the United States (1909–1913) and the tenth chief justice of the United States (1921–1930), the only person to have held both offices. Taft was elected pr ...

**** Luke E. Wright ****

Henry Clay Ide Henry Clay Ide (September 18, 1844 – June 13, 1921) was a United States of America, U.S. judge, colonial commissioner, ambassador, and Governor-General of the Philippines. Biography Early life, States Attorney, Senator, and Presidential C ...

****

James Francis Smith James Francis Smith (January 28, 1859 – June 29, 1928) was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, Governor-General of the Philippines and an associate judge of the United States Court of Customs Appeals. Education and ...

****

Newton W. Gilbert Newton Whiting Gilbert (May 24, 1862 – July 5, 1939) was an American politician from Indiana. Career He was the 25th lieutenant governor of Indiana, a member of the Indiana State Senate, a representative in the United States House of Represe ...

****

William Cameron Forbes William Cameron Forbes (May 21, 1870 – December 24, 1959) was an American investment banker and diplomat. He served as governor-general of the Philippines from 1909 to 1913 and ambassador of the United States to Japan from 1930 to 1932. He was ...

****

Francis Burton Harrison Francis Burton Harrison (December 18, 1873 – November 21, 1957) was an American statesman who served in the United States House of Representatives and was appointed governor-general of the Philippines by President of the United States Woodro ...

****

Charles Yeater Charles Emmett Yeater (April 24, 1861 – July 20, 1943) of Sedalia, Missouri was acting Governor-General of the Philippines from March 5, 1921 to October 14, 1921. From 1901 to 1935, the governor-general was the chief political executive o ...

****

Leonard Wood Leonard Wood (October 9, 1860 – August 7, 1927) was a United States Army major general, physician, and public official. He served as the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, Military Governor of Cuba, and Governor-General of the Philipp ...

****

Eugene Allen Gilmore Eugene Allen Gilmore (July 4, 1871 – November 4, 1953) was Vice Governor-General of the Philippine Islands from 1922 to 1929, serving twice as acting Governor-General of the Philippines in 1927 and again in 1929. He also held positions as the De ...

****

Henry L. Stimson Henry Lewis Stimson (September 21, 1867 – October 20, 1950) was an American statesman, lawyer, and Republican Party politician. Over his long career, he emerged as a leading figure in U.S. foreign policy by serving in both Republican and D ...

****

Dwight Filley Davis Dwight Filley Davis Sr. (July 5, 1879 – November 28, 1945) was an American tennis player and politician. He is best remembered as the founder of the Davis Cup international tennis competition. He was the Assistant Secretary of War from 1923 to ...

**** Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. ****

Frank Murphy William Francis Murphy (April 13, 1890July 19, 1949) was an American politician, lawyer and jurist from Michigan. He was a Democrat who was named to the Supreme Court of the United States in 1940 after a political career that included serving ...

*** **** Quezon, Manuel L. **** National Defense Act of 1935 ****

Sergio Osmeña Sergio Osmeña Sr. (, ; 9 September 1878 – 19 October 1961) was a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the fourth president of the Philippines from 1944 to 1946. He was vice president under Manuel L. Quezon. Upon Quezon's sudd ...

****

Bell Trade Act The Bell Trade Act of 1946, also known as the Philippine Trade Act, was an act passed by the United States Congress specifying policy governing trade between the Philippines and the United States following independence of the Philippines from the ...

***

Philippine Executive Commission The Philippine Executive Commission (PEC; Tagalog: ''Komisyong Tagapagpaganap ng Pilipinas'') was a provisional government set up to govern the Philippine archipelago during World War II. It was established with sanction from the occupying Imp ...

****

Masaharu Homma was a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. Homma commanded the Japanese 14th Army, which invaded the Philippines and perpetrated the Bataan Death March. After the war, Homma was convicted of war crimes relating ...

****

Shizuichi Tanaka was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army and Japanese Military Governor of the Philippines during World War II. Biography Early life and military service Tanaka was born in Issai village, Hyōgo prefecture (now part of the city of Tatsun ...

****

Shigenori Kuroda was a Japanese lieutenant general of the Japanese Imperial Army and the Japanese Governor-General of the Philippines during World War II. Biography Kuroda was born in Yanagawa, Fukuoka and graduated from the 21st class of the Imperial Japanese A ...

***** Jorge B. Vargas *** **** José P. Laurel **** Benigno Aquino Sr. ****

Benigno Ramos :''See Pugad Baboy for the Filipino comic character Igno who shares this name.'' Benigno "Ben Ruben" Ramos y Pantaleón (February 10, 1892 – disappeared 1945) was a Filipino author, writer, organization founder, politician, and was an advocate ...

** *** Third Republic of the Philippines ****

Manuel Roxas Manuel Acuña Roxas (born Manuel Roxas y Acuña; ; January 1, 1892 – April 15, 1948) was a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the fifth president of the Philippines, who served from 1946 until his death due to heart attacks in 19 ...

****

Elpidio Quirino Elpidio Rivera Quirino (born Elpidio Quirino y Rivera; ; November 16, 1890 – February 29, 1956) was a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the sixth president of the Philippines from 1948 to 1953. A lawyer by profession, Quirino ente ...

****

Ramon Magsaysay Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay Sr. (August 31, 1907 – March 17, 1957) was a Filipino statesman who served as the seventh president of the Philippines, from December 30, 1953, until his death in an aircraft disaster on March 17, 1957. An automo ...

**** Carlos P. Garcia **** Diosdado Macapagal *** Fourth Republic of the Philippines **** Ferdinand Marcos *****

Imelda Marcos Imelda Romualdez Marcos (; born Imelda Remedios Visitacion Trinidad Romualdez; July 2, 1929) is a Filipino politician who served as the First Lady of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986, wielding significant political power during the dictato ...

****

Benigno Aquino Jr. Benigno "Ninoy" Simeon Aquino Jr., (; November 27, 1932 – August 21, 1983) was a Filipino politician who served as a senator of the Philippines (1967–1972) and governor of the province of Tarlac. Aquino was the husband of Corazon Aqui ...

****

EDSA Revolution The People Power Revolution, also known as the EDSA Revolution or the February Revolution, was a series of popular demonstrations in the Philippines, mostly in Metro Manila, from February 22 to 25, 1986. There was a sustained campaign of c ...

*** Fifth Republic of the Philippines **** Corazon Aquino ****

Fidel Ramos Fidel Valdez Ramos (, ; March 18, 1928 – July 31, 2022), popularly known as FVR and Eddie Ramos, was a Filipino general and politician who served as the 12th president of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998. He was the only career military ...

****

Joseph Estrada Joseph Ejercito Estrada, (; born Jose Marcelo Ejercito; April 19, 1937), also known by the nickname Erap, is a Filipino politician and former actor. He served as the 13th president of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001, the 9th vice presi ...

****

EDSA II The Second EDSA Revolution, also known as the Second People Power Revolution, EDSA 2001, or EDSA II (pronounced ''EDSA Two'' or ''EDSA Dos''), was a political protest from January 17–20, 2001, which peacefully overthrew the government of Jose ...

****

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal Arroyo (, born April 5, 1947), often referred to by her initials GMA, is a Filipino academic and politician serving as one of the House Deputy Speakers since 2022, and previously from 2016 to 2017. She previously ...

****

Benigno Aquino III Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III (; February 8, 1960 – June 24, 2021), also known as Noynoy Aquino and colloquially as PNoy, was a Filipino politician who served as the 15th president of the Philippines from 2010 to 2016. The son of ...

**** Rodrigo Duterte **** Bongbong Marcos

Notes

References

Bibliography

*. *. *. *. * (English translation by Sulpicio Guevara). *. *. (Note: 1. The book cover incorrectly lists author as "Maximo M Lalaw", 2. Originally published in 1921 by The McCullough Printing Co., Manila.) *. *. * This book was published by Ricarte himself, includes his memoirs on the Philippine Revolution. *. *. *. *. *. *. *. * *. {{DEFAULTSORT:Political History Of The Philippines Sovereignty

Chronology

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

Bibliography