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Tiliaceae () is a family of flowering plants. It is not a part of the APG,
APG II The APG II system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II system) of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy that was published in April 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Gro ...
and
APG III APG is an abbreviation with several different meanings: * Aberdeen Proving Ground, a United States Army installation in Aberdeen, Maryland, also ** Phillips Army Airfield, the airfield of the above, from its IATA airport code * Aboriginal Provision ...
classifications, being sunk in
Malvaceae Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar o ...
mostly as the subfamilies Tilioideae, Brownlowioideae and Grewioideae, but has an extensive historical record of use. All through its existence the family has had a very lively history, with various authors taking very different views on what should be part of this family. As a result, it is recommended when this name is encountered to check what the author means. However, in the northern temperate regions the name is unambiguous as the only representative is '' Tilia'', the lime or linden.


APG II system

The
APG II system The APG II system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II system) of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy that was published in April 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Gro ...
, does not recognise this as a family but submerges it in the
Malvaceae Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar o ...
sensu lato, which unites the four families
Bombacaceae Bombacaceae were long recognised as a family of flowering plants or Angiospermae. The family name was based on the type genus ''Bombax''. As is true for many botanical names, circumscription and status of the taxon has varied with taxonomic point ...
,
Malvaceae Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar o ...
sensu stricto,
Sterculiaceae Sterculiaceae was a family of flowering plant based on the genus ''Sterculia''. Genera formerly included in Sterculiaceae are now placed in the family Malvaceae, in the subfamilies: Byttnerioideae, Dombeyoideae, Helicteroideae and Sterculioideae. ...
and Tiliaceae. Modern botanical taxonomy, such as the relevant volume in the Kubitzki series which conforms to APG, treats most of the plants that traditionally constitute the family (see above) in the subfamilies Tilioideae, Brownlowioideae, and Grewioideae within this extended family Malvaceae sensu lato.
Cladistically Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived cha ...
, the traditional family Tiliaceae is polyphyletic.


de Candolle system

In the de Candolle system the
circumscription Circumscription may refer to: *Circumscribed circle *Circumscription (logic) *Circumscription (taxonomy) * Circumscription theory, a theory about the origins of the political state in the history of human evolution proposed by the American anthrop ...
of the family was: * family Tiliaceae *: genus I. ''Sparmannia'' ic:_now_''Sparrmannia''.html" ;"title="Sparrmannia.html" ;"title="ic: now ''Sparrmannia">ic: now ''Sparrmannia''">Sparrmannia.html" ;"title="ic: now ''Sparrmannia">ic: now ''Sparrmannia''*: genus II? ''
Abatia ''Abatia'' ( syn. ''Raleighia'' Gardner) is a genus of about ten species of Central and South American trees in the family Salicaceae (following the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification). Previously, it was treated in the family Flacourti ...
'' *: genus III. ''
Heliocarpus ''Heliocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae. It was formerly classified in the Tiliaceae Tiliaceae () is a family of flowering plants. It is not a part of the APG, APG II and APG III classifications, being sunk in ...
'' *: genus IV. ''Antichorus'' *: genus V. ''
Corchorus ''Corchorus'' is a genus of about 40–100 species of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae, native to tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. Different common names are used in different contexts, with jute applying to the ...
'' *: genus VI. ''
Honckenya ''Honckenya peploides'', the sea sandwort (UK) or seaside sandplant (Canada), is the only species in the genus ''Honckenya'' of the plant family Caryophyllaceae. Other common names include sea chickweed, sea pimpernal, sea-beach sandwort, and sea ...
'' ic,_see_''Clappertonia''.html" ;"title="Clappertonia.html" ;"title="ic, see ''Clappertonia">ic, see ''Clappertonia''">Clappertonia.html" ;"title="ic, see ''Clappertonia">ic, see ''Clappertonia''*: genus VII. ''
Triumfetta ''Triumfetta'' is a genus of plants in the family Malvaceae. Burbark is a common name for plants in this genus. There are about 70 species which are widespread across tropical regions. These include: *''Triumfetta albida'' (Domin) Halford * ...
'' *: genus VIII. ''
Grewia ''Grewia'' is a large flowering plant genus in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family Tiliaceae or the Sparrmanniaceae. However, t ...
'' *: genus IX. ''Columbia'' Colona''.html" ;"title="Colona_(plant).html" ;"title="ic, now ''Colona (plant)">Colona''">Colona_(plant).html" ;"title="ic, now ''Colona (plant)">Colona''*: genus X. '' Tilia'' *: genus XI. ''Diplophractum'' *: genus XII. ''
Muntingia ''Muntingia'' is a genus of plants in the family Muntingiaceae, comprising only one species, ''Muntingia calabura'', and was named in honour of Abraham Munting. It is native to the neotropics, from Mexico south to Bolivia, with edible fruit, and ...
'' *: genus XIII. ''
Apeiba ''Apeiba'' is a genus of shrubs or trees in the family Malvaceae. It is native to tropical America The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily locat ...
'' *: genus XIV. ''
Sloanea ''Sloanea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Elaeocarpaceae, comprising about 150 species. Species include: * '' Sloanea acutiflora'' Uittien * '' Sloanea assamica'' Rehder & E. Wilson * '' Sloanea australis'' Benth. & F.Muell., ...
'' *: genus XV. ''Ablania'' *: genus XIV. ''
Gyrostemon ''Gyrostemon'' is a genus of shrubs or small trees in the family Gyrostemonaceae, endemic to Australia. Species include: *'' Gyrostemon australasicus'' (Moq.) Heimerl – Camel Poison *'' Gyrostemon brownii'' S.Moore *'' Gyrostemon dit ...
'' *: genus XVII. '' Christiana'' *: genus XVIII. '' Alegria (genus), Alegria'' *: genus XIX. ''Luhea'' ic,_now:_''Luehea''.html" ;"title="Luehea.html" ;"title="ic, now: ''Luehea">ic, now: ''Luehea''">Luehea.html" ;"title="ic, now: ''Luehea">ic, now: ''Luehea''*: genus XX. ''
Vatica ''Vatica'' is a genus of plants in the family Dipterocarpaceae. Species , ''Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with ...
'' *: genus XXI. ''Espera (genus), Espera'' *: genus XXII. ''
Wikstroemia ''Wikstroemia'' is a genus of 55-70 species of flowering shrubs and small trees in the mezereon family, Thymelaeaceae. Hawaiian species are known by the common name ‘ākia. Medicinal uses '' Wikstroemia indica'' () is one of the 50 fundamental ...
'' *: genus XXIII. ''
Berrya ''Berrya'' is a genus of evergreen trees with fibrous bark from Southeast Asia and the Pacific Region. The plants are valuable for their timber. The flowers are showy, with large tight clusters of green flowers. Cultivation Trees from ''Berrya' ...
'' According to
APG II system The APG II system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II system) of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy that was published in April 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Gro ...
, the current placement of these genera is mostly in the
Malvaceae Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar o ...
sensu lato, but with ''
Gyrostemon ''Gyrostemon'' is a genus of shrubs or small trees in the family Gyrostemonaceae, endemic to Australia. Species include: *'' Gyrostemon australasicus'' (Moq.) Heimerl – Camel Poison *'' Gyrostemon brownii'' S.Moore *'' Gyrostemon dit ...
'' moved to family
Gyrostemonaceae Gyrostemonaceae is a family of plants in the order Brassicales The Brassicales (or Cruciales) are an order of flowering plants, belonging to the eurosids II group of dicotyledons under the APG II system. One character common to many members ...
, ''
Muntingia ''Muntingia'' is a genus of plants in the family Muntingiaceae, comprising only one species, ''Muntingia calabura'', and was named in honour of Abraham Munting. It is native to the neotropics, from Mexico south to Bolivia, with edible fruit, and ...
'' to family Muntingiaceae, ''
Sloanea ''Sloanea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Elaeocarpaceae, comprising about 150 species. Species include: * '' Sloanea acutiflora'' Uittien * '' Sloanea assamica'' Rehder & E. Wilson * '' Sloanea australis'' Benth. & F.Muell., ...
'' to family
Elaeocarpaceae Elaeaocarpaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family contains approximately 615 species of trees and shrubs in 12 genera."Elaeocarpaceae" In: Klaus Kubitzki (ed.). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol. VI. Springer-Verlag: Be ...
, ''
Vatica ''Vatica'' is a genus of plants in the family Dipterocarpaceae. Species , ''Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with ...
'' to family Dipterocarpaceae and ''
Wikstroemia ''Wikstroemia'' is a genus of 55-70 species of flowering shrubs and small trees in the mezereon family, Thymelaeaceae. Hawaiian species are known by the common name ‘ākia. Medicinal uses '' Wikstroemia indica'' () is one of the 50 fundamental ...
'' to family
Thymelaeaceae The Thymelaeaceae are a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants composed of 50 genera (listed below) and 898 species.Zachary S. Rogers (2009 onwards)A World Checklist of Thymelaeaceae (version 1) Missouri Botanical Garden Website, St. Louis. It ...
(possibly reduced to a synonym of '' Daphne''). The genus ''
Abatia ''Abatia'' ( syn. ''Raleighia'' Gardner) is a genus of about ten species of Central and South American trees in the family Salicaceae (following the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification). Previously, it was treated in the family Flacourti ...
'' is assigned to the family
Salicaceae The Salicaceae is the willow family of flowering plants. The traditional family (Salicaceae ''sensu stricto'') included the willows, poplar, aspen, and cottonwoods. Genetic studies summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) have greatly ...
sensu lato.


Bentham & Hooker system

The family reached perhaps its widest
circumscription Circumscription may refer to: *Circumscribed circle *Circumscription (logic) *Circumscription (taxonomy) * Circumscription theory, a theory about the origins of the political state in the history of human evolution proposed by the American anthrop ...
in the
Bentham & Hooker system A taxonomic system, the Bentham & Hooker system for seed plants, was published in Bentham and Hooker's ''Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita'' in three volumes between 1862 and 1883. George Bentham (1 ...
: * family XXXIII Tiliaceae *: series A. Holopetalae *:: tribus I. Brownlowieae *::: genus 1. '' Brownlowia'' *::: genus 2. '' Pentace'' *::: genus 3. '' Diplodiscus'' *::: genus 4. '' Pityranthe'' *::: genus 5. '' Christiana'' *::: genus 6. ''
Berrya ''Berrya'' is a genus of evergreen trees with fibrous bark from Southeast Asia and the Pacific Region. The plants are valuable for their timber. The flowers are showy, with large tight clusters of green flowers. Cultivation Trees from ''Berrya' ...
'' *::: genus 7. '' Carpodiptera'' *:: tribus II. Grewieae *::: genus 8. ''
Grewia ''Grewia'' is a large flowering plant genus in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family Tiliaceae or the Sparrmanniaceae. However, t ...
'' *::: genus 9. ''Columbia'' Colona''.html" ;"title="Colona_(plant).html" ;"title="ic, now ''Colona (plant)">Colona''">Colona_(plant).html" ;"title="ic, now ''Colona (plant)">Colona''*::: genus 10. ''Diplophractum'' *::: genus 11. ''Belotia'' *::: genus 12. '' Erinocarpus'' *::: genus 13. ''
Triumfetta ''Triumfetta'' is a genus of plants in the family Malvaceae. Burbark is a common name for plants in this genus. There are about 70 species which are widespread across tropical regions. These include: *''Triumfetta albida'' (Domin) Halford * ...
'' *::: genus 14. ''
Heliocarpus ''Heliocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae. It was formerly classified in the Tiliaceae Tiliaceae () is a family of flowering plants. It is not a part of the APG, APG II and APG III classifications, being sunk in ...
'' *:: tribus III. Tilieae *::: genus 15. ''Entelea'' *::: genus 16. ''
Sparrmannia ''Sparrmannia'' is an African genus of plants in the family Malvaceae. Species Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 wit ...
'' *::: genus 17. ''
Honckenya ''Honckenya peploides'', the sea sandwort (UK) or seaside sandplant (Canada), is the only species in the genus ''Honckenya'' of the plant family Caryophyllaceae. Other common names include sea chickweed, sea pimpernal, sea-beach sandwort, and sea ...
'' ic,_see_''Clappertonia''.html" ;"title="Clappertonia.html" ;"title="ic, see ''Clappertonia">ic, see ''Clappertonia''">Clappertonia.html" ;"title="ic, see ''Clappertonia">ic, see ''Clappertonia''*::: genus 18. ''
Corchorus ''Corchorus'' is a genus of about 40–100 species of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae, native to tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. Different common names are used in different contexts, with jute applying to the ...
'' *::: genus 19. '' Corchoropsis'' *::: genus 20. '' Luehea'' *::: genus 21. ''Mollia (plant), Mollia'' *::: genus 22. '' Trichospermum'' *::: genus 23. ''
Muntingia ''Muntingia'' is a genus of plants in the family Muntingiaceae, comprising only one species, ''Muntingia calabura'', and was named in honour of Abraham Munting. It is native to the neotropics, from Mexico south to Bolivia, with edible fruit, and ...
'' *::: genus 24. '' Tilia'' *::: genus 25. '' Leptonychia'' *::: genus 26. ''
Schoutenia ''Schoutenia'' is a genus of flowering plants. It ranges from Indochina through Malaysia, Indonesia, New Guinea, and Northern Australia."''Schoutenia'' Korth.". ''Plants of the World Online'', Kew Science. Accessed 22 August 2021/ref> Traditiona ...
'' *:: tribus IV. Apeibeae *::: genus 27. '' Glypilea'' *::: genus 28. ''
Apeiba ''Apeiba'' is a genus of shrubs or trees in the family Malvaceae. It is native to tropical America The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily locat ...
'' *: series B. Heteropetalae *:: tribus V. Prockieae *::: genus 29. '' Prockia'' *::: genus 30. '' Hasseltia'' *::: genus 31. ''
Plagiopteron ''Plagiopteron'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Celastraceae. Its native range is Southeastern China to Indo-China Mainland Southeast Asia, also known as the Indochinese Peninsula or Indochina, is the continental por ...
'' *::: genus 32? '' Ropalocarpus'' *:: tribus VI. Sloanieae *::: genus 33. '' Vallea'' *::: genus 34. ''
Sloanea ''Sloanea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Elaeocarpaceae, comprising about 150 species. Species include: * '' Sloanea acutiflora'' Uittien * '' Sloanea assamica'' Rehder & E. Wilson * '' Sloanea australis'' Benth. & F.Muell., ...
'' *::: genus 35. '' Echinocarpus'' *::: genus 36. '' Antholoma'' *:: tribus VII. Elaeocarpeae *::: genus 37. '' Aristotelia'' *::: genus 38. ''
Elaeocarpus ''Elaeocarpus'' is a genus of nearly five hundred species of flowering plants in the family Elaeocarpaceae native to the Western Indian Ocean, Tropical and Subtropical Asia, and the Pacific. Plants in the genus ''Elaeocarpus'' are trees or shrubs ...
'' *::: genus 39. '' Dubouzetia'' *::: genus 40. '' Tricuspidaria'' According to
APG II system The APG II system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II system) of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy that was published in April 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Gro ...
, the current placement of these genera is perhaps mostly in the
Malvaceae Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar o ...
sensu lato, but with ''
Muntingia ''Muntingia'' is a genus of plants in the family Muntingiaceae, comprising only one species, ''Muntingia calabura'', and was named in honour of Abraham Munting. It is native to the neotropics, from Mexico south to Bolivia, with edible fruit, and ...
'' moved to family Muntingiaceae, while tribes VI and VII form the core of family
Elaeocarpaceae Elaeaocarpaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family contains approximately 615 species of trees and shrubs in 12 genera."Elaeocarpaceae" In: Klaus Kubitzki (ed.). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol. VI. Springer-Verlag: Be ...
and tribe V has been moved to the family
Salicaceae The Salicaceae is the willow family of flowering plants. The traditional family (Salicaceae ''sensu stricto'') included the willows, poplar, aspen, and cottonwoods. Genetic studies summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) have greatly ...
sensu lato. The Hutchinson system follows the Bentham & Hooker system rather closely.


Cronquist system

In the
Cronquist system The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in a series of monographs and texts, including ''The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants'' (1968; 2nd edition, 1988) ...
(1981) the family includes some fifty genera, totalling around seven hundred species of trees and shrubs, rarely herbs, with a subcosmopolitan distribution. It may be separated from
Malvaceae Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar o ...
sensu stricto by the smooth surface of the
pollen grain Pollen is a powdery substance produced by seed plants. It consists of pollen grains (highly reduced microgametophytes), which produce male gametes (sperm cells). Pollen grains have a hard coat made of sporopollenin that protects the gametoph ...
s, bilocular
anther The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filam ...
s, and the stamens free or in bundles (but not monadelphous) *'' Ancistrocarpus'' Oliv. *''
Apeiba ''Apeiba'' is a genus of shrubs or trees in the family Malvaceae. It is native to tropical America The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily locat ...
'' Aubl. *'' Asterophorum'' Sprague *''
Berrya ''Berrya'' is a genus of evergreen trees with fibrous bark from Southeast Asia and the Pacific Region. The plants are valuable for their timber. The flowers are showy, with large tight clusters of green flowers. Cultivation Trees from ''Berrya' ...
'' Roxb. *'' Brownlowia'' Roxb. *'' Burretiodendron'' Rehder *'' Carpodiptera'' Griseb. *'' Christiana'' DC. *''
Clappertonia ''Clappertonia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Malvaceae Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance incl ...
'' Meisn. *'' Colona'' Cav. *'' Corchoropsis'' Siebold & Zucc. *''
Corchorus ''Corchorus'' is a genus of about 40–100 species of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae, native to tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. Different common names are used in different contexts, with jute applying to the ...
'' L. *''
Craigia ''Craigia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae ''sensu lato'' or Tiliaceae. These are deciduous trees with toothed leaves, bisexual flowers that lack petals, and winged capsules.Desplatsia'' Bocq. *'' Dicraspidia'' Standl. *'' Diplodiscus'' Turcz. *''
Duboscia ''Duboscia'' is a small plant genus, with two species, in the family Malvaceae. The genus occurs from the Ivory Coast to the Democratic Republic of Congo. The genus was previously in the Tiliaceae, under the APG classification it is now placed i ...
'' Bocquet *''
Eleutherostylis ''Eleutherostylis'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Malvaceae. It only contains one species, ''Eleutherostylis renistipulata'' Burret It is within the ''Grewioideae'' Tribe. It is native to New Guinea. The genus ...
'' Burret *''
Entelea ''Entelea arborescens'' or whau is a species of malvaceous tree endemic to New Zealand. ''E. arborescens'' is the only species in the genus ''Entelea''. A shrub or small tree to 6 m with large lime-like leaves giving a tropical appearance, ...
'' R.Br. *'' Erinocarpus'' Nimmo ex J.Graham *''
Glyphaea ''Glyphaea'' is a genus of African flowering plants in the family Malvaceae, subfamily Grewioideae; it was previously placed in the Tiliaceae Tiliaceae () is a family of flowering plants. It is not a part of the APG, APG II and APG III class ...
'' Hook.f. *'' Goethalsia'' Pittier *''
Grewia ''Grewia'' is a large flowering plant genus in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family Tiliaceae or the Sparrmanniaceae. However, t ...
'' L. *'' Hainania'' Merr. *''
Heliocarpus ''Heliocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae. It was formerly classified in the Tiliaceae Tiliaceae () is a family of flowering plants. It is not a part of the APG, APG II and APG III classifications, being sunk in ...
'' L. *'' Hydrogaster'' Kuhlm. *'' Jarandersonia'' Kosterm. *'' Luehea'' Willd. *'' Lueheopsis'' Burret *'' Microcos'' L. *'' Mollia'' Mart. *''
Mortoniodendron ''Mortoniodendron'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Malvaceae. Its native range is southern Mexico to Colombia. It is also found in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua and Panamá. Fossils indica ...
'' Standl. & Steyerm. *'' Neotessmannia'' Burret *'' Pentace'' Hassk. *'' Pentaplaris'' L.O.Williams & Standl. *''
Petenaea ''Petenaea cordata'' (from northern Central America) was first described in Elaeocarpaceae and later placed in Tiliaceae, but most authors have been uncertain about its familial affinities. It was considered a taxon ''incertae sedis'' in the Angi ...
'' Lundell *'' Pityranthe'' Thwaites *'' Pseudocorchorus'' Capuron *''
Schoutenia ''Schoutenia'' is a genus of flowering plants. It ranges from Indochina through Malaysia, Indonesia, New Guinea, and Northern Australia."''Schoutenia'' Korth.". ''Plants of the World Online'', Kew Science. Accessed 22 August 2021/ref> Traditiona ...
'' Korth. *'' Sicrea'' (Pierre) Hallier f. *''
Sparrmannia ''Sparrmannia'' is an African genus of plants in the family Malvaceae. Species Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 wit ...
'' L.f. *'' Tetralix'' Griseb. *'' Tilia'' L. *'' Trichospermum'' Blume *''
Triumfetta ''Triumfetta'' is a genus of plants in the family Malvaceae. Burbark is a common name for plants in this genus. There are about 70 species which are widespread across tropical regions. These include: *''Triumfetta albida'' (Domin) Halford * ...
'' L. *'' Vasivaea'' Baill. *'' Westphalina'' A.Robyns & Bamps


External links


Tiliaceae
i
L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz
(1992 onwards) ''The families of flowering plants: descriptions''. {{Taxonbar, from=Q1929656 Malvales families Historically recognized angiosperm families