Clément François Théodore Dubois (24 August 1837 – 11 June 1924) was a French Romantic composer, organist, and music teacher. After study at the

Paris Conservatoire The Conservatoire de Paris (), also known as the Paris Conservatory, is a college of music and dance founded in 1795. Officially known as the Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique et de Danse de Paris (CNSMDP), it is situated in the avenue ...

, Dubois won France's premier musical prize, the

Prix de Rome The Prix de Rome () or Grand Prix de Rome was a French scholarship for arts students, initially for painters and sculptors, that was established in 1663 during the reign of Louis XIV of France. Winners were awarded a bursary that allowed them t ...

in 1861. He became an organist and choirmaster at several well-known churches in Paris, and at the same time was a professor in the Conservatoire, teaching harmony from 1871 to 1891 and composition from 1891 to 1896, when he succeeded

Ambroise Thomas Charles Louis Ambroise Thomas (; 5 August 1811 – 12 February 1896) was a French composer and teacher, best known for his operas '' Mignon'' (1866) and ''Hamlet'' (1868). Born into a musical family, Thomas was a student at the Conservatoire de ...

as the Conservatoire's director. He continued his predecessor's strictly conservative curriculum and was forced to retire early after a scandal erupted over the faculty's attempt to rig the Prix de Rome competition to prevent the modernist

Maurice Ravel Joseph Maurice Ravel (7 March 1875 – 28 December 1937) was a French composer, pianist and conductor. He is often associated with Impressionism along with his elder contemporary Claude Debussy, although both composers rejected the term. In ...

from winning. As a composer, Dubois was seen as capable and tasteful, but not strikingly original or inspired. He hoped for a career as an opera composer, but became better known for his church compositions. His books on music theory were influential, and remained in use for many years.

Life and career

Early years

Dubois was born in Rosnay in Marne, a village near

Reims Reims ( , , ; also spelled Rheims in English) is the most populous city in the French department of Marne, and the 12th most populous city in France. The city lies northeast of Paris on the Vesle river, a tributary of the Aisne. Founded b ...

.Pasler, Jann
"Dubois, (François Clément) Théodore"
''Grove Music Online'', Oxford University Press. Retrieved 24 May 2021 The family was not connected with the musical profession: his father Nicolas was a basket maker, his grandfather Jean was a schoolmaster. His mother Célinie Dubois (née Charbonnier) did not have a profession and mostly spent time raising the young Théodore. Dubois studied the piano under Louis Fanart, the choirmaster of

Reims Cathedral , image = Reims Kathedrale.jpg , imagealt = Facade, looking northeast , caption = Façade of the cathedral, looking northeast , pushpin map = France , pushpin map alt = Location within France , ...

, and was a protégé of the mayor of Rosnay, Vicomte Eugène de Breuil, who introduced him to the pianist Jean-Henri Ravina. Through Ravina's contacts, Dubois gained admission to the

, headed by

Daniel Auber Daniel-François-Esprit Auber (; 29 January 178212 May 1871) was a French composer and director of the Paris Conservatoire. Born into an artistic family, Auber was at first an amateur composer before he took up writing operas professionally when ...

, in 1854. He studied the piano with

Antoine François Marmontel Antoine François Marmontel () (18 July 1816 – 16 January 1898) was a French pianist, composer, teacher and musicographer. He is mainly known today as an influential teacher at the Paris Conservatory, where he taught many musicians who became ...

, the organ with

François Benoist François Benoist (10 September 1794 – 6 May 1878) was a French organist, composer, and pedagogue. Benoist was born in Nantes. He took his first music lessons under Georges Scheuermann. Benoist studied music at the Conservatoire de Paris and ...

, harmony with François Bazin and counterpoint and composition with

. While still a student he was engaged to play the organ at St Louis-des-Invalides from 1855 and Sainte-Clotilde (under César Franck) from 1858. He gained successively first prizes for harmony, fugue, and organ, and finally, in 1861, France's premier musical prize the

.Jullien, pp. 734–735Gandrey-Rety, Jean
"Théodore Dubois"
''Les Spectacles'', 8 August 1924, pp. 4–5 RomaVillaMedici

The Prix brought with it liberally subsidised accommodation and tuition at the French Academy in Rome, at the

Villa de Medici The Villa Medici () is a Mannerist villa and an architectural complex with a garden contiguous with the larger Borghese gardens, on the Pincian Hill next to Trinità dei Monti in Rome, Italy. The Villa Medici, founded by Ferdinando I de' Medic ...

. During his time there, beginning in December 1861, Dubois became a friend of fellow students including

Jules Massenet Jules Émile Frédéric Massenet (; 12 May 1842 – 13 August 1912) was a French composer of the Romantic era best known for his operas, of which he wrote more than thirty. The two most frequently staged are '' Manon'' (1884) and '' Werther ...

. Between his studies he visited the monuments of Rome and the surrounding countryside, attended the musical performances of the

Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel (; la, Sacellum Sixtinum; it, Cappella Sistina ) is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the pope in Vatican City. Originally known as the ''Cappella Magna'' ('Great Chapel'), the chapel takes its nam ...

, and made trips to

Naples Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adm ...

Pompeii Pompeii (, ) was an ancient city located in what is now the ''comune'' of Pompei near Naples in the Campania region of Italy. Pompeii, along with Herculaneum and many villas in the surrounding area (e.g. at Boscoreale, Stabiae), was burie ...

Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...

Verona Verona ( , ; vec, Verona or ) is a city on the Adige River in Veneto, Italy, with 258,031 inhabitants. It is one of the seven provincial capitals of the region. It is the largest city municipality in the region and the second largest in nor ...

Mantua Mantua ( ; it, Mantova ; Lombard and la, Mantua) is a city and '' comune'' in Lombardy, Italy, and capital of the province of the same name. In 2016, Mantua was designated as the Italian Capital of Culture. In 2017, it was named as the Eur ...

Milan Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city ...

and

Florence Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico ...

. He gave his impressions musical form in an overture in the classical style, an Italian

buffo ''Opera buffa'' (; "comic opera", plural: ''opere buffe'') is a genre of opera. It was first used as an informal description of Italian comic operas variously classified by their authors as ''commedia in musica'', ''commedia per musica'', ''dramm ...

opera (''La prova di opera seria'' – Rehearsal of an

opera seria ''Opera seria'' (; plural: ''opere serie''; usually called '' dramma per musica'' or '' melodramma serio'') is an Italian musical term which refers to the noble and "serious" style of Italian opera that predominated in Europe from the 1710s to ...

) and finally a solemn Mass.Imbert, p. 53 Among the eminent musicians he met during his time in Rome was

Franz Liszt Franz Liszt, in modern usage ''Liszt Ferenc'' . Liszt's Hungarian passport spelled his given name as "Ferencz". An orthographic reform of the Hungarian language in 1922 (which was 36 years after Liszt's death) changed the letter "cz" to simpl ...

, who heard the Mass and encouraged the young Dubois.

Return to Paris

On his return to Paris in 1866 Dubois was appointed maître de chapelle (choirmaster) at Sainte-Clotilde, where, on Good Friday, 1867, his forces performed his ''Les Sept paroles du Christ'' (The Seven Last Words of Christ), afterwards performed at the Concerts populaires (1870) and in many other churches. When

Camille Saint-Saëns Charles-Camille Saint-Saëns (; 9 October 183516 December 1921) was a French composer, organist, conductor and pianist of the Romantic music, Romantic era. His best-known works include Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso (1863), the Piano C ...

and

Romain Bussine Romain Bussine (4 November 1830 – 20 December 1899) was a French voice teacher, singer, translator and poet active in the second half of the 19th century. Career He was born in Paris; and from the late 1860s until his death Bussine was pr ...

established the

Société nationale de musique Lactalis is a French multinational dairy products corporation, owned by the Besnier family and based in Laval, Mayenne, France. The company's former name was Besnier SA. Lactalis is the largest dairy products group in the world, and is the sec ...

in 1871, Dubois was a founding member together with, among others, Henri Duparc,

Gabriel Fauré Gabriel Urbain Fauré (; 12 May 1845 – 4 November 1924) was a French composer, organist, pianist and teacher. He was one of the foremost French composers of his generation, and his musical style influenced many 20th-century composers ...

César Franck César-Auguste Jean-Guillaume Hubert Franck (; 10 December 1822 – 8 November 1890) was a French Romantic composer, pianist, organist, and music teacher born in modern-day Belgium. He was born in Liège (which at the time of his birth was pa ...

, Ernest Guiraud and Massenet. In the same year he was appointed choirmaster at the Church of the Madeleine. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71 he joined the National Guard; his biographer Hugues Imbert records, "it was in military uniform that he and Saint-Saëns often met at the église de la Madeleine, one to lead the chapel choirs, the other to ascend to the great organ". Both men escaped the bloody final days of the

Paris Commune The Paris Commune (french: Commune de Paris, ) was a revolutionary government that seized power in Paris, the capital of France, from 18 March to 28 May 1871. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, the French National Guard had defende ...

, Saint-Saëns to England and Dubois to his family home in Rosnay. Dubois joined the faculty of the Conservatoire in 1871, succeeding

Antoine Elwart Antoine Aimable Elie Elwart (19 September 1808 – 14 October 1877) was a French composer and musicologist. Biography Childhood Elwart was born in Paris in the family home. At the age of ten, he became a chorister at the mastery of the Saint-Eu ...

as professor of harmony; he retained the post for the next 20 years. His students in his harmony and, later, composition classes included

Paul Dukas Paul Abraham Dukas ( or ; 1 October 1865 – 17 May 1935) was a French composer, critic, scholar and teacher. A studious man of retiring personality, he was intensely self-critical, having abandoned and destroyed many of his compositions. His b ...

George Enescu George Enescu (; – 4 May 1955), known in France as Georges Enesco, was a Romanian composer, violinist, conductor and teacher. Regarded as one of the greatest musicians in Romanian history, Enescu is featured on the Romanian five lei. Biogr ...

, Albéric Magnard and

Florent Schmitt Florent Schmitt (; 28 September 187017 August 1958) was a French composer. He was part of the group known as Les Apaches. His most famous pieces are ''La tragédie de Salome'' and ''Psaume XLVII'' (Psalm 47). He has been described as "one of th ...

. In August 1872 Dubois married the pianist Jeanne Duvinage (1843–1922), whose father was a conductor at the

Opéra-Comique The Opéra-Comique is a Paris opera company which was founded around 1714 by some of the popular theatres of the Parisian fairs. In 1762 the company was merged with – and for a time took the name of – its chief rival, the Comédie-Italienne ...

. It was a lifelong and happy marriage; they had two children. Dubois had ambitions to be an opera composer, but was unable to gain a foothold at the major Parisian opera companies. At the old Théâtre Athénée his one-act ''La Guzla de l'Emir'' (The Emir's Lute), with a libretto by

Jules Barbier Paul Jules Barbier (8 March 182516 January 1901) was a French poet, writer and opera librettist who often wrote in collaboration with Michel Carré. He was a noted Parisian bon vivant and man of letters.Michel Carré Michel Carré (20 October 1821, Besançon – 27 June 1872, Argenteuil) was a prolific French librettist. He went to Paris in 1840 intending to become a painter but took up writing instead. He wrote verse and plays before turning to writing lib ...

, was successfully given in 1873 in a triple bill with short operas by Jean Gregoire Penavaire and

Paul Lacôme Paul-Jean-Jacques Lacôme d'Estalenx (4 March 1838 – 12 December 1920) was a French composer. Between 1870 and the turn of the century he produced a series of operettas and operas-bouffes that were popular both in France and abroad. Interest i ...

. In 1878 he shared with

Benjamin Godard Benjamin Louis Paul Godard (18 August 184910 January 1895) was a French violinist and Romantic-era composer of Jewish extraction, best known for his opera '' Jocelyn''. Godard composed eight operas, five symphonies, two piano and two violin conce ...

, the prize at the Concours Musical instituted by the city of Paris, and his ''Paradis perdu'' (Paradise Lost) was performed, first at the public expense November 1878), and again on the two following Sundays at the Concerts du Châtelet. In 1877 Saint-Saëns retired as organist of the Madeleine; Dubois replaced him and was succeeded as choirmaster by Fauré. In 1879 Dubois had an opera staged in one of the major Parisian houses: the

Opéra Comique ''Opéra comique'' (; plural: ''opéras comiques'') is a genre of French opera that contains spoken dialogue and arias. It emerged from the popular '' opéras comiques en vaudevilles'' of the Fair Theatres of St Germain and St Laurent (and to a l ...

presented his one-act comedy ''Le Pain bis'' in February. '' Les Annales du théâtre et de la musique'' found the score unpretentious and "not without wit and or skill", and though not particularly original, nonetheless very elegant, with some excellent melodies. Together with Fauré, Dubois travelled to

Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and ...

in July 1880 to attend performances of Wagner's ''

Tannhäuser Tannhäuser (; gmh, Tanhûser), often stylized, "The Tannhäuser," was a German Minnesinger and traveling poet. Historically, his biography, including the dates he lived, is obscure beyond the poetry, which suggests he lived between 1245 and ...

'' and '' Die Meistersinger''. Like Fauré, Dubois, though impressed by Wagner's music, did not allow it to influence his own compositions as many of their fellow French composers did, although on his return to Paris he made an intensive study of Wagner's scores. Dubois never succeeded in having an opera staged by France's premier house, the

Paris Opéra The Paris Opera (, ) is the primary opera and ballet company of France. It was founded in 1669 by Louis XIV as the , and shortly thereafter was placed under the leadership of Jean-Baptiste Lully and officially renamed the , but continued to be k ...

, but in 1883 the three-act ballet ''La Farandole'', to Dubois' music, was given there, with Rosita Mauri in the lead. ''Les Annales'' commented on "distinguished music, of a melancholy hue, which lacks only a little more warmth and colour – the sun of the South", and added that although the music was not outstandingly inspired or original, it was capably written and well suited to the action throughout.Noël and Stoullig (1884), p. 24 The piece was popular and was frequently revived at the Opéra over the next few years.Imbert, p. 60 In the same year Dubois was appointed a chevalier of the

Legion of Honour The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour ('), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleo ...

. In 1884 Dubois had an expensive success with his four-act opera, ''Aben-Hamet''. It opened at the Théâtre Italien in the Place du Châtelet and was enthusiastically received, but closed after four performances when a financial crisis forced the theatre out of business, leaving Dubois with personal liabilities to pay the singers' outstanding wages.Imbert, p. 61

Later years

When

Léo Delibes Clément Philibert Léo Delibes (; 21 February 1836 – 16 January 1891) was a French Romantic composer, best known for his ballets and operas. His works include the ballets ''Coppélia'' (1870) and '' Sylvia'' (1876) and the opera ''Lakm� ...

died in January 1891, Dubois was appointed to succeed him as professor of composition at the Conservatoire. After the death of

Charles Gounod Charles-François Gounod (; ; 17 June 181818 October 1893), usually known as Charles Gounod, was a French composer. He wrote twelve operas, of which the most popular has always been ''Faust (opera), Faust'' (1859); his ''Roméo et Juliette'' (18 ...

in 1894 Dubois was elected to succeed him as a member of the

Académie des Beaux-Arts An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary or tertiary higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membership). The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, ...

, a recognition, according to his biographer Jann Pasler, of "the clarity and idealism of his music". In 1896 Thomas, director of the Conservatoire since 1871, died. Massenet, professor of counterpoint, fugue and composition, was widely expected to succeed him but overplayed his hand by insisting on appointment for life. When the French government refused, he resigned from the faculty. Dubois was appointed director and continued Thomas's intransigently conservative regime.Nichols, p. 35; and Orenstein, p. 26 The music of Auber, Halévy and especially

Meyerbeer Giacomo Meyerbeer (born Jakob Liebmann Beer; 5 September 1791 – 2 May 1864) was a German opera composer, "the most frequently performed opera composer during the nineteenth century, linking Mozart and Wagner". With his 1831 opera ''Robert le d ...

was regarded as the correct model for students, and old French music such as that of Rameau and modern music, including that of Wagner, were kept rigorously out of the curriculum. Dubois was unremittingly hostile to

who, when a Conservatoire student, did not conform to the faculty's anti-modernism, and in 1902 Dubois unavailingly forbade Conservatoire students to attend performances of Debussy's ground-breaking new opera, '' Pelléas et Mélisande''. In June 1905 Dubois was forced to bring his planned retirement forward after a public scandal caused by the faculty's blatant attempt to stop Ravel winning the Prix de Rome. Fauré was appointed to succeed Dubois as director, with a brief from the French government to modernise the institution. In his private capacity, Dubois was less reactionary than in the academic régime over which he presided. When Wagner's ''

Parsifal ''Parsifal'' ( WWV 111) is an opera or a music drama in three acts by the German composer Richard Wagner and his last composition. Wagner's own libretto for the work is loosely based on the 13th-century Middle High German epic poem ''Parzival ...

'' had its belated Parisian premiere in 1914, Dubois said to his colleague

Georges Hüe Georges Adolphe Hüe (6 May 1858 – 7 June 1948) was a French composer of classical music. Biography Hüe was born in Versailles into a noted family of architects. His musical education included studies with Charles Gounod and César Franck. I ...

that no music more beautiful had ever been written. Privately he was fascinated by Debussy's music, with its "subtiles harmonies et les précieux raffinements" – subtle harmonies and precious refinements. After his retirement from the Conservatoire, Dubois remained a familiar figure in Parisian musical circles. He was president of the association of Conservatoire alumni, and presided at its annual award ceremony.Gandrey-Rety, Jean
"Mort de Théodore Dubois"
''Comœdia'', 12 June 1924, p. 1 Until his final years he remained vigorous. The death of his wife in 1923 was a blow from which he did not recover, and he died at his Paris home, after a short illness, on 11 June 1924, aged 86.

Music

Although he wrote many religious works, Dubois had hopes for a successful career in opera. His fascination with Near-Eastern subjects led to the composition to his first staged work, ''La guzla de l'émir'', and his first four-act opera, ''Aben-Hamet''. The latter received excellent notices, for the cast (led by Emma Calvé and Jean de Reszke) and the work, but it did not gain a place in the regular repertoire."The Drama in Paris", ''The Era'', 27 December 1884, p. 14 His other large-scale opera, ''Xavière'', described as "a dramatic idyll", is set in the rural

Auvergne Auvergne (; ; oc, label= Occitan, Auvèrnhe or ) is a former administrative region in central France, comprising the four departments of Allier, Puy-de-Dôme, Cantal and Haute-Loire. Since 1 January 2016, it has been part of the new region Au ...

. The story revolves around a widowed mother who plots to kill her daughter, Xavière, with the help of her fiancé's father to gain the daughter's inheritance. Xavière survives the attack with the help of a priest, and the opera finishes with a conventional happy ending. Lucien Fugère and Mlle F. Dubois (no relation) led the cast at the Opéra-Comique, and the piece was pronounced a ''succès d'estime''."Xavière", ''The Era'', 30 November 1895, p. 10 The music of Dubois also includes ballets,

oratorio An oratorio () is a large musical composition for orchestra, choir, and soloists. Like most operas, an oratorio includes the use of a choir, soloists, an instrumental ensemble, various distinguishable characters, and arias. However, opera is ...

s and three symphonies. His best known work is the oratorio ''Les sept paroles du Christ'' ("The Seven Last Words of Christ"

867 __NOTOC__ Year 867 ( DCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * September 23 – Emperor Michael III is murdered, by order o ...

, which continues to be performed from time to time. His ''Toccata in G'' (1889), remains in the regular organ repertoire. The rest of his large output has almost entirely disappeared from view. He has had a more lasting influence in teaching, with his theoretical works ''Traité de contrepoint et de fugue'' (on

counterpoint In music, counterpoint is the relationship between two or more musical lines (or voices) which are harmonically interdependent yet independent in rhythm and melodic contour. It has been most commonly identified in the European classical tra ...

and

fugue In music, a fugue () is a contrapuntal compositional technique in two or more voices, built on a subject (a musical theme) that is introduced at the beginning in imitation (repetition at different pitches) and which recurs frequently in the co ...

) and ''Traité d'harmonie théorique et pratique'' (on

harmony In music, harmony is the process by which individual sounds are joined together or composed into whole units or compositions. Often, the term harmony refers to simultaneously occurring frequencies, pitches ( tones, notes), or chords. Howeve ...

) still being sometimes used today.

Selected works

Operas

* ''La prova di un'opera seria'', (unpublished, composed in Rome, 1863). * ''La guzla de l'émir'', opéra comique (1 act, J. Barbier & M. Carré), f.p. 30 April 1873,

Théâtre de l'Athénée The Théâtre de l'Athénée is a theatre at 7 rue Boudreau, in the 9th arrondissement of Paris. Renovated in 1996 and classified a historical monument, the Athénée inherits an artistic tradition marked by the figure of Louis Jouvet who direc ...

, Paris. * ''Le pain bis'', opéra comique (1 act, A. Brunswick & A.R. de Beauplan), f.p. 26/27 February 1879,

(Théâtre Favart), Paris. * ''L'enlèvement de Proserpine'', scène lyrique (1 act, P. Collin), f.p. 1879. * ''Aben-Hamet'', opéra (4 acts, L. Détroyat & A. de Lauzières), f.p. 16 December 1884,

Théâtre du Châtelet The Théâtre du Châtelet () is a theatre and opera house, located in the place du Châtelet in the 1st arrondissement of Paris, France. One of two theatres (the other being the Théâtre de la Ville) built on the site of a ''châtelet'', a ...

, Paris. * ''Xavière'', idylle dramatique (3 acts, L. Gallet, after F. Fabre), f.p. 26 November 1895, Opéra Comique (Théâtre Lyrique), Paris. * ''Miguela'', opéra (3 acts) (Originally unperformed, except prélude and second act tableau from Act 3, concert perf. 23 February 1896, Paris.) f.p. 18 May 1916, Opéra, Paris. * ''La fiancée d'Abydos'' (unperformed) * ''Le florentin'' (unperformed)

Ballets

* ''La Korrigane'', (ballet by Louis Mérante), f.p. 12 January 1880, Opéra, Paris. * ''La Farandole'', (ballet by Louis Mérante), f.p. 14 December 1883, Opéra-Comique, Paris.

Vocal works

* ''Les Sept Paroles du Christ'', (1867) oratorio dedicated to Abbot Jean-Gaspard (1797-1871) curé of La Madeleine. * ''Le Paradis Perdu'', oratorio (1878 - Prix de la ville de Paris) * Numerous cantatas, including: ''L'enlèvement de Proserpine'', ''Hylas'', ''Bergerette''; ''Les Vivants et les Morts'' * Masses and religious compositions

Orchestral works

* ''Marche héroïque de Jeanne d'Arc'' * ''Fantaisie triomphale'' for organ & orchestra * ''Hymne nuptial'' * ''Méditation, Prières'' for strings, oboe, harp, & organ * ''Concerto-Capriccio'' for piano & orchestra, C minor (1976) * ''Concerto pour piano n° 2'', F minor (1897) * ''Concerto pour violon'' * ''Notre-Dame de la Mer'', poème symphonique * ''Adomis'', poème symphonique * ''Symphonie française'' (1908) * ''Symphonie n°2'' * ''Symphonie n°3'' * ''Fantasietta'' (1917) * ''Suite for Piano and String Orchestra in F minor'' (1917)

Chamber music

* ''Cantabile'' (or ''Andante Cantabile'') for viola or cello and piano (1886) * ''Hymne nuptial'' for violin, viola, cello, harp and organ * Quintet for oboe, violin, viola, cello and piano * ''Terzettino'' for flute, viola and harp (1905) * Piano Quartet in A minor (1907) * Dectet for string and wind quintets * ''Nonetto'' for flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, 2 violins, viola, cello and double bass * Nocturne for cello and piano

Other compositions

* Piano works : ''Chœur et Danse des Lutins'', ''Six Poèmes Sylvestres'', etc. * Numerous pieces for organ and for

harmonium The pump organ is a type of free-reed organ that generates sound as air flows past a vibrating piece of thin metal in a frame. The piece of metal is called a reed. Specific types of pump organ include the reed organ, harmonium, and melodeon. Th ...

. * ''Douze Pièces pour orgue ou piano-pédalier'' (1889), including the famous ''Toccata'' in G (no. 3) * ''Douze Pièces Nouvelles pour orgue ou piano-pédalier'' (1893), including ''In Paradisum'' (no. 9) * ''Deux Petites Pièces pour orgue ou harmonium'' (1910) : ''Petite pastorale champenoise et Prélude'' * ''42 Pièces pour orgue sans pédales ou harmonium'' (1925)

Writings

* Dubois, Théodore (1889). Notes et études d'harmonie pour servir de supplément au traité de H. Reber. Paris: Heugel. * Dubois, Théodore (1901). Traité de contrepoint et de fugue. Paris: Heugel. * Dubois, Théodore (1921). Traité d'harmonie théorique et pratique. Paris: Heugel. * Dubois, Théodore (1921). Réalisations des basses et chants du Traité d'harmonie par Théodore Dubois. Paris: Heugel.

Recording selection

* Théodore Dubois, Organistes de Paris à la Belle Époque, Vol 1 (2004),

Helga Schauerte-Maubouet Helga Schauerte-Maubouet (born 8 Mars, 1957, Lennestadt) is a German-French organist, writer and editor of music. Schauerte has recorded the complete organ works of Jehan Alain, Dietrich Buxtehude, and J. S. Bach (in process), portraits of Buttst ...

, Organ Merklin Cathedral in Moulins(F) Syrius 141382. * Theodore Dubois, The Romantic Piano Concerto #60, (2013) Concerto-capriccioso in C minor; Piano Concerto #2 and Suite for Piano and String Orchestra, Cédric Tiberghien (pianist), BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra, Andrew Manze-conductor,Hyperion 67931 * Théodore Dubois, Musique sacrée et symphonique & Musique de Chambre (2015), Various performers; BruZane ES1018RSK (Volume 2 in ''Collection Portraits'')

Media

Notes, references and sources

Notes

References

Sources

* * * * * * * * * * * *

External links

Festival Théodore Dubois and official art
, Palazzetto Bru Zane Venice *

* * Theodore Dubois
''Adoration''
(Posth.). Andrew Pink (2021
Exordia ad missam

Xavière : idylle dramatique en trois actes
1896 publication, digitized by BYU on archive.org {{DEFAULTSORT:Dubois, Theodore 1837 births 1924 deaths 19th-century classical composers 20th-century classical composers French Romantic composers French composers of sacred music French male classical composers French classical organists French male organists French opera composers Male opera composers Composers for pipe organ Prix de Rome for composition Conservatoire de Paris faculty Directors of the Conservatoire de Paris Conservatoire de Paris alumni People from Marne (department) Pupils of Antoine François Marmontel French music theorists French male non-fiction writers 19th-century French composers French ballet composers Members of the Royal Academy of Belgium 20th-century French composers 20th-century French male musicians 19th-century French male musicians Composers for pedal piano Male classical organists 19th-century musicologists