The Brus

''The Brus'', also known as ''The Bruce'', is a long narrative poem, in Early Scots, of just under 14,000 octosyllabic lines composed by John Barbour which gives a historic and chivalric account of the actions of Robert the Bruce and Sir James Douglas in the Scottish Wars of Independence during a period from the circumstances leading up to the English invasion of 1296 through to Scotland's restored position in the years between the Treaty of 1328 and the death of Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray in 1332.

Background

The poem's centre-piece (literally) is an extensive account of the Battle of Bannockburn of 1314. Barbour's poetic account of these events is a keystone in Scotland's national story. The description of the battle is Barbour’s masterpiece.

The poem was written about 1375, "...to throw behind the new king, Robert II (who gave Barbour a pension) the weight of his grandfather's (Bruce's) achievements and reputation."Duncan, A., "Fredome is a noble thing", Barbour, John. ''The Brus''
/ref> Barbour's work is a romance based upon a lost life of Douglas and a chronicle or chronicles which told of King Robert and his times. At the beginning of the poem, he conflates three Bruces into the single person of the hero, probably by design. Archie Duncan notes Barbour's fondness for exaggerated numbers for the size of any army. Here and there the order of events is transposed. Despite this, it has been regarded from his own time as, in all details, a trustworthy source for the history of the period."John Barbour:''The Bruce'', ''The Cambridge History of English and American Literature'', 1907
/ref>

Throughout the piece, Bruce overshadows all his associates. In book nine, in recounting Edward Bruce's victories in Galloway, Barbour does not relate the whole story, but sums up his worthiness by remarking that "he might have rivaled any of his contemporaries ''excepting only his brother''". The king is a hero of the chivalric type common in contemporary romance; freedom is a "noble thing" to be sought and won at all costs; the opponents of such freedom are shown in the dark colours which history and poetic propriety require; but there is none of the complacency of the merely provincial habit of mind. Many lines are full of vigour; and there are passages of high merit, notably the oft-quoted section beginning ''"A! fredome is a noble thing"''.

Despite a number of errors of fact, the account has a greater degree of historical veracity than is usually associated with the verse-chronicle genre (for instance, Blind Harry's Wallace composed in the following century). But it is much more than a rhyming chronicle; it contains many fine descriptive passages, and sings the praises of freedom. Its style is somewhat bald and severe. No one has doubted Barbour's authorship of the Brus, but argument has been attempted to show that the text as we have it is an edited copy, perhaps by John Ramsay, a Perth scribe, who wrote out the two extant texts, one preserved in the Advocates Library, Edinburgh, and the other in the library of St John's College, Cambridge.

Influence

Barbour's influence on later Scottish writers can be seen in Robert Burns' ''Scots Wha Hae'', and Walter Scott's ''The Lord of the Isles'' and ''Castle Dangerous''.MacMillan, Michael. ''The Bruce of Bannockburn'', Eneas Mackay, Stirling, 1914
/ref>

Text

Text from ''The Brus''

by Barbour (1375 Transcribed by Ramsay in 1489)

(a) THE POET’S PROEM.

See also

*Scottish literature

References

External links

* - in Scots
* - in Scots with Modern English annotations
* - a modern English translation
''The Brus'' edited by Emeritus Professor A A M Duncan

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brus, The
14th century in Scotland
14th-century poems
Scottish poems
Epic poems
Early Scots poems
Scottish chronicles