Tesla Model S

The Tesla Model S is a battery-powered liftback car serving as the flagship model of Tesla, Inc. The Model S features a dual-motor, all-wheel drive layout, although earlier versions of the Model S featured a rear-motor and rear-wheel drive layout.

Development of the Model S began prior to 2007, under the codename "WhiteStar". The Model S was officially announced on June 30, 2008, and a prototype vehicle was unveiled in March 2009. The Model S debuted on June 22, 2012. A revised, dual-motor, all-wheel-drive version, known as the 60D, debuted on October 9, 2014. The 60D was followed by the 70D, which made dual-motor and all-wheel drive the standard, followed by the 85D, P85D, and P90D. Along with these updates, Tesla offered the Autopilot driving assistance system. In April 2016, the Model S was updated with a new front hood design. In October of the same year, hardware became standard that supports Tesla's Full Self Driving (FSD) capability. As part of the update, integrated standard cameras around the car were added. In February 2017 the Tesla Model S P100D debuted, which included a revised motor and was the first electric vehicle to have an EPA estimated range exceeding . A refresh of the Tesla Model S, codenamed "Palladium", was introduced in June 2021, offering a new "Plaid" performance model, along with a revised interior, powertrain, and suspension.

The Model S became the first electric car to top the monthly new-car-sales ranking in any country, leading twice in Norway, in September and December 2013 and in Denmark in December 2015. Sales passed 250,000 units in September 2018. The Model S was the top-selling plug-in electric car worldwide in 2015 and 2016, although it was later surpassed by the Model 3. Upon its release, the Model S received positive reviews, with praise for its acceleration and range, although initial models received criticism for their high cost and braking issues.

Development

The Model S was developed by a team led by Franz von Holzhausen, who previously worked for Mazda North American Operations. Holzhausen drew upon the design of the CLS series of cars. Codenamed "WhiteStar" prior to its official unveiling, the Model S was designed with an electric powertrain in mind, unlike other electric vehicles where the manufacturer swaps out an internal combustion engine with an electric motor. As a result, the Model S offers features such as a front trunk ("frunk") in addition to a rear trunk and an enlarged crumple zone.

In January 2007, Tesla announced plans to build consumer-level sedans starting in 2009; production was later delayed to 2011. The Model S was officially announced on June 30, 2008, and a prototype vehicle was displayed on March 26, 2009. In May 2010, Tesla announced it would produce the Model S at the former NUMMI plant in Fremont, California.

The Model S officially launched on June 22, 2012. Production grew from 15–20 cars completed per week in August 2012 to about 1,000 cars per week in 2015. Upon its release, United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rated the range for the base model at while the longer range model was estimated to have a range of . Musk claimed that the Model S battery offered twice the energy density of the Nissan Leaf's, with more than double the range, increased by a low drag coefficient, motor efficiency and rolling resistance. The original battery was similar to the Panasonic NCR18650B cell that offered an energy density of 265 Wh/kg. Analysts estimated battery costs to be around 21–22% of the car cost. The 60 kWh battery was guaranteed for eight years or 125,000 miles (200,000 km), while the 85 kWh was guaranteed for eight years and unlimited miles. Throughout 2012, Tesla began building a network of 480-volt charging stations, called Tesla Superchargers, to facilitate long-distance travel.

Subsequent changes

On October 9, 2014, Tesla introduced all-wheel drive (AWD) versions of the Model S 60, 85, and P85 models, designated by a ''D'' at the end of the model number (the P represents performance). Deliveries of the P85D started in December 2014, with the 85D models following in February 2015, and the 70D models in April 2015.

In September 2014, the Model S began to be equipped with cameras, forward looking radar and ultrasonic acoustic location sensors that provided a 360-degree view, to be used with Tesla Autopilot. Autopilot later arrived in October 2015, as part of a software update.

In June 2015, Tesla stated that the Model S had traveled over 1 billion miles (1.6 billion km), the first all-electric car to reach that total. Globally, Model S sales passed 100,000 units that year, and 150,000 in November 2016. The 200,000 milestone was achieved by early in the fourth quarter of 2017.

Throughout 2015, Tesla would make various changes to the Model S, including an enhanced powertrain that would last for one million miles. An update that year introduced electromechanical brakes. That same year, Tesla introduced a 70 kWh battery to replace the existing 60 kWh batteries and base 60 kWh Model S vehicles. Tesla also introduced a 90 kWh battery as a "range upgrade" and explained that the 6% energy increase was due to "improved cell chemistry" and the introduction of silicon into the cell's graphite anode. After being discontinued the year prior, the 60 and 60D returned in 2016 with a software-limited, upgradeable 75 kWH battery and a new air filter, dubbed "Bioweapon Defense Mode".

In April 2016, Tesla removed the black nose cone and added a body colored fascia. The front fascia has a similar design as the Model X, adding adaptive LED headlights. A HEPA cabin air filtration system was added. The standard charger increased from 40 to 48 amps, speeding charging at higher power outlets. Two ash wood interior options were added. In August of that year, Tesla announced the P100D with a "Ludicrous" mode option, a 100 kWh battery with of range, weighing 625 kg in a 0.40 m³ volume, a density of 160 Wh/kg.

A year later, in April 2017, Tesla discontinued the 60 kWh software-limited battery option. The lowest-capacity option subsequently became the 75 kWh battery. Additionally, Tesla significantly reduced the software upgrade options for the facelifted 60 and 70 models to be upgraded over-the-air to 75 (and rebadged at their next visit to a Tesla service center). In August 2017, Tesla announced that HW2.5 included a secondary processor node to provide more computing power and additional wiring redundancy to improve reliability; it also enabled dashcam and sentry mode capabilities.

In March 2018, the Media Control Unit (MCU) was updated, improving the performance of the center screen and adding games to the MCU such as Cuphead and streaming services such as Netflix to the MCU. In May of that year, in collaboration with the Software Freedom Conservancy, Tesla released some of the internal source code of Model S on a GitHub repository as part of their software license compliance process.

In May 2019, as part of an engineering refresh, the range of the Model S was increased to and smart air suspension was added. The range would be increased further in February 2020 to of range.

, Tesla operates 16,103 superchargers in 1,826 stations worldwide; these include 908 stations in the U.S., 98 in Canada, 16 in Mexico, 520 in Europe, and 398 in the Asia/Pacific region. In August 2020, the EPA updated the results of their range test of the Model S to .

On October 15, 2020, the U.S. price of the long-range version was lowered to $69,420, a reduction of $2,570 from two days prior.

In early 2021, with the introduction of an entirely new interior, now with landscape orientation of the MCU, more rear seat room, and a lightly modified exterior, Tesla changed the "Performance" and "Long Range" Model S branding in favor of "Plaid" and "Long Range," respectively. On June 10, 2021, the Model S Plaid was released at a delivery event at the factory with nearly 30 new owners taking delivery that evening; the Plaid version notably featured a return of the third-row seating, allowing a total of seven passengers, although third-row seating is not present within the consumer version of the car. The Long Range version was EPA-rated to a new high of when equipped with the standard 19" wheels, making it the longest range EV in the world at the time; the Plaid was listed at of range.

Production

In the United States, the Model S is manufactured at the Tesla Factory in Fremont, California. For the European market, the battery pack and electric motor are removed, and the remaining parts are shipped and assembled at Tesla's European Distribution Center in Tilburg.

As of 2020, the Model S is one of the top cars for domestic parts content.

Design

The Model S is classified as a full-size luxury car in the United States, although the EPA refers to the Model S as a "Large Car" (greater than or equal to ) or "Luxury Sedan". The Euro Car Segment classifies the Model S as a S-segment (sports car); in Germany, the Model S is classified as "Oberklasse" ( F-segment).

All versions of the Model S have the same body and normally seat five passengers. Other configurations were once available so as to allow for a third-row seat with two additional seats, for a total of seven passengers.

Powertrain

The Model S powertrain has gone through several iterations since its first release, increasing in efficiency, power, and durability. In 2014, Tesla claimed that the Model S recovered the energy that went into producing it in fewer than . The powertrain provides regenerative braking power of more than 60 kW, which both reduces energy consumption and greatly reduces brake wear.

The rear axle has a traditional open differential. Models with Dual Drive dual motors also have an open differential on the front axles. The front and rear axles have no mechanical linkage—with dual motors, the power distribution among them is controlled electronically. With the introduction of the tri-motor Plaid version in mid-2021, new performance levels were achieved, making the Model S Plaid the fastest accelerating production car in the world.

Battery

The battery pack includes thousands of identical cylindrical 18650 battery cells 18 mm in diameter and 65 mm in height. These cells use a graphite/silicon anode and a nickel-cobalt-aluminum cathode with an aqueous electrolyte and lithium ions as charge carriers. The battery capacity within the Model S has changed numerous times since its debut, ranging from 60–100 kWH. The batteries are the heaviest component within the Model S; the 85 kWh battery pack weighed .

Tesla manufactures some Model S cells internally, and some in partnership with Panasonic.

Cell, group, module, pack

The P85 pack contains 7,104 lithium-ion battery cells in 16 modules wired in series (14 in the flat section and two stacked on the front). Each module contains 6 groups of 74 cells wired in parallel; the 6 groups are then wired in series within the module.

The motor, controller and battery temperatures are controlled by a liquid cooling/heating circuit, and the battery is uninsulated. Waste heat from the motor heats the battery in cold conditions, battery performance is reduced until heated by motor generated heat until a suitable battery temperature is reached, in contrast to using an electric battery heater. The battery can be pre-heated by a 6 kW internal heater, either from itself using battery power, or from a charger.

Placement

In contrast to most earlier battery electric vehicles including the Tesla Roadster, the battery pack of the Model S forms the floor of the vehicle between the axles, with several advantages:
* The center of gravity height is (about the same as a Lotus Elise), helping it to achieve a lateral acceleration of 0.9 g and rollover protection.
* The bulk of the mass is between the axles, which lowers rotational inertia and allows it to turn more quickly for its weight.
* The battery cage increases the rigidity of the passenger compartment, improving passive safety.

Energy consumption

Under its five-cycle testing protocol, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rated the 90 kWh version at a combined fuel economy equivalent of 104 MPGe ( or ), with an equivalent in city driving and on highways.

Vehicle energy consumption is highly dependent on speed; the Model S requires at , and at . Ancillary equipment ( climate control, battery conditioning, etc.) may consume 15–25%, depending on outside temperature.

Charger

The charge port is located behind a door in the left taillight. During charging, the charge port pulses green. The pulse frequency slows as the charge level approaches full. When charging is complete, the light turns solid green. The Model S comes equipped with a different charger and connector in North America versus other markets.

The Mobile Connector allows charging at up to 72 amps and includes adapters for connecting to a variety of electricity sources.

Tesla supports the SAE J1772, Type 2, and CHAdeMO charging standards via certain adapters.

North America

In North America, adapters for 120 volt NEMA 5-15 outlets, as well as an adapter for SAE J1772 charging stations, are included. Other adapters including the popular NEMA 14–50 250V adapter can be purchased from Tesla for use with the Mobile Connector.

Charging times depend on the battery pack's state-of-charge, its capacity, the available voltage, and the available amperage. From a 120 volt/15 amp household outlet, the range increases by for every hour of charging. From a , NEMA 14–50 240 V/50 A outlet (like those used by RVs or stoves), the charge rate is per hour. Using Tesla's , High Power Wall Connector increases the rate to per hour if the car is configured with dual chargers ().

Europe/Asia-Pacific

In Europe and the Asia-Pacific region, the Model S uses a Type 2 charger.

Suspension

While some Model S's were built with a base, steel spring, suspension, the vast majority have a self-leveling, height-adjustable air suspension. This is accomplished via adjustable Bilstein shock absorbers controlled by the driver. The car lowers itself at highway speeds and can be set to a higher level to traverse steep driveways and rough terrain, mitigating the default ground clearance and relatively long wheelbase.

The suspension system has evolved via "over-the-air" software updates. The height adjustment feature remembers locations where the driver has requested higher clearance and automatically adjusts each time the car returns to that location.

In early 2019, as part of the "Raven" update, the Model S was upgraded to feature an enhanced "Smart Air Suspension" with automatic, dynamic suspension adjustments.

Autopilot

Autopilot uses cameras, radar and ultrasound to detect road signs, lane markings, obstacles, pedestrians, cyclists, traffic lights, and other vehicles. Additionally, Autopilot includes adaptive cruise control and lane centering and supports semi-autonomous drive and parking capabilities.

Instrument panel

The instrument panel is located directly in front of the driver. It includes a liquid-crystal display electronic instrument cluster that indicates speed, charge level, estimated range and active gear, as well as navigation directions. The Model S's touchscreen display was originally powered by a Nvidia Tegra 3 3D Visual Computing Module (VCM), while the instrument cluster was driven by a separate Nvidia Tegra 2 VCM. The Tegra system on a chip (SoC) integrated eight specialized processors, including a multi-core ARM CPU, a GPU, and dedicated audio, video and image processors.

Touchscreen

The original touchscreen was a multi-touch panel. divided into four areas. A top line displayed status symbols and provided shortcuts for charging, HomeLink, driver profiles, vehicle information and Bluetooth. The second line provided access to apps including Media, Nav (driven by Google Maps, which was separate from the navigation on instrument panel), Energy, Web, Camera and Phone. The main viewing area displayed the (two) active apps, subdivided into upper and lower areas. (Most apps can be expanded to take up the entire area). At the bottom was access to various controls and settings for the vehicle such as doors, locks and lights as well as temperature controls and a secondary volume control. In June 2021, as part of the refresh of the Model S, the touchscreen was shifted to be in landscape mode, rather than a portrait mode.

The map display requires a constant Internet connection, limiting navigation in areas without service. Automatic navigation to charging stations is included. The operating system powering the touchscreen runs Linux.

Autoshift

Introduced in mid-2021, the Plaid and Long Range versions of the Model S feature no steering column-mounted shift stalk; instead, the Model S uses cameras to infer whether to shift into forward or reverse. Earlier versions controlled transmission selection via a shift stalk on the right side of the steering column.

Interior material

As of 2017, the materials used within the seats are animal-free, made of synthetic fiber, with the steering wheel covers shifting to an animal-free material in late 2019 as well. The original impetus for this years-long transition to animal-free interiors may have been two shareholder proposals presented at an annual Tesla shareholders meeting in 2015, in which the substantial environmental damage caused by animal agriculture was highlighted, along with the obvious conflict with Tesla's stated mission.

Versions

The Model S exists in several versions, differing in energy capacity, motor size and power, and equipment.

Signature/Signature Performance

Tesla allocated its first 1,000 units to its Signature and Signature Performance limited edition configurations, equipped with the 85 kWh battery pack.

A custom Model S was designed for the Oceanic Preservation Society in collaboration with Obscura Digital, and was used to project images of endangered animals to help educate the public about ongoing Holocene mass extinction, as featured in the 2015 documentary '' Racing Extinction''.

60/60D/P85

The base Model S 60 was released with 60 kWh battery capacity and used a motor.

Dual motor, AWD variations (60D) became available in 2014.

The Performance variant (P85) offered a three-phase, four-pole AC induction rear-mounted electric motor with a copper rotor.

The company claimed a , lower than any other production car when released. Independent measurements by '' Car and Driver'' in May 2014 confirmed the figure.

70D

The 70D replaced the 60, 60D, and P85, offering all-wheel drive and an improved range of .

In January 2019, Tesla made the 100D the base version and discontinued the 75D version.

85D

The 85D replaced the rear drive unit with a smaller motor, while a second motor of similar size was added to the front wheels. The resulting AWD car offered comparable power and acceleration to the rear wheel drive. The 85D offered a 2% (5-mile) range increase and 11% increase in top speed over the 85.

P85D

The P85D was a dual-motor, all-wheel-drive vehicle. It had a governed top speed of and it accelerated from in (tested to ), under "Insane Mode", with 1 g of acceleration. Total output reached despite the two motors because they did not give their maximum power at the same time.

The high-power rear-drive unit was retained, while the additional front-drive motor increased power by about 50%, increasing acceleration and top speed.

P90D

The P90D had a top speed of and it could accelerate from in , despite the lower total motor power, in part due to the improved traction of the all-wheel drive powertrain. An optional "Ludicrous Mode" hardware package improved the time to at 1.1g.

The P90D combined a front axle power of and rear axle power of for a time of 2.8 seconds. The acceleration of the P90D can reach 1.1 g, described by Tesla as "faster than falling".

In June 2017, Tesla discontinued selling the 90 kWh battery pack option.

P100D

The P100D outputs and torque on a dynamometer.

As of March 2017, P100D was the world's quickest production vehicle with a NHRA rolling start to in ''Motor Trend'' tests in 2.28 seconds (acceleration clock started after 0.26 seconds at ) in Ludicrous mode.

Owing to overheating issues (the radiator has no blower), multiple uses of Ludicrous mode required rest periods to protect the battery. According to ''Motor Trend'', selecting the "Yes, bring it on!" option for maximum acceleration "initiates a process of battery and motor conditioning, wherein the battery temperature is raised slightly and the motors are cooled using the air-conditioning system. It usually takes just a few minutes, longer in extreme ambient temperatures or after repeated runs. You should expect to wait a minimum of 10 minutes in-between runs."

It offered an EPA estimated range of . It was the first electric vehicle to have an EPA estimated range greater than .

Raven

In 2019, the Performance and Long Range Plus variants offered the "Raven" powertrain. It included the permanent magnet synchronous reluctance motor from the Tesla Model 3 as the front motor. The motor was more powerful and more efficient than its predecessor. The Raven powertrain included a new adaptive air suspension.

Palladium (Plaid)

The Palladium refresh was announced in January 2021 with initial deliveries in June 2021. The refresh included a new interior, new powertrain, suspension and thermal management amongst other improvements. The refresh originally consisted of three models, the Long Range (LR), the Plaid, and the Plaid+, although the Plaid+ was cancelled shortly before deliveries began. The "Plaid" name is applied to the performance model and is a reference to the only speed faster than "Ludicrous" in the movie '' Spaceballs''.

The Plaid model includes one motor for the front axle and two motors for the rear axle; the starting price was $131,100. At the core of the Plaid's performance are innovative new motors featuring a carbon-wrapped rotor to allow much higher motor RPM. Musk said that this presented challenges, because carbon and copper (the rotor material) have different thermal expansion rates. The Long Range model includes the front motor and a single rear motor; its starting price was $80k, but it was raised to $85k soon after deliveries began. "Track Mode" allows for adjustment from 100% FWD to 100% RWD in 5% increments, traction control strength in 21 stages and regenerative braking strength from 0% to 100% in 5% increments.

At its debut, the Palladium models had the lowest drag coefficient of any production car, with . The new HVAC system uses a heat pump that Tesla says provides 30% longer range and requires 50% less energy in cold weather conditions than the previous Model S. Charging was said to increase by in 15 minutes (on a 250 kW Supercharger). The interior features a non-circular yoke steering wheel, a landscape-oriented center screen, a screen for the rear passengers, increased headroom and legroom, particularly in the rear seat area, lower noise via acoustic glass, a new, customizable user interface, and improved gaming (via the AMD RDNA 2 GPU). The company estimated that deliveries will reach 1000/week in Q3 of 2021.

The Plaid has and of torque. It was independently tested by ''Motor Trend'' to go in 2.07 seconds (1.98 on a prepped drag strip, ex. with PJ1 TrackBite) and cover a quarter-mile (400 m) in 9.34 seconds at . Tesla said it will reach a top speed.

Charging

Tesla recommends overnight charging at home as the primary method of charging. In general, the convenience of plugging in overnight outweighs the far longer charging interval.

For charging outside the home, Tesla has partnered with businesses to install Tesla Wall Connectors to provide a charging network called Tesla Destination. The units are provided to the businesses by Tesla for free or at a discounted price. The business is responsible for the cost of electricity. Not all destination chargers are available to the public, as some businesses limit them to customers, employees, or residents only.
Tesla operates a global network of 480-volt charging stations. The Tesla network is usable only by Tesla vehicles apart from select countries in Europe where Tesla is currently running their Non-Tesla Supercharging Pilot. Supercharging hardware is standard on all new vehicles and most earlier editions. The Supercharger is a DC rapid-charging station that provides up to 250 kW of power, adding up to per minute.

Tesla originally designed the Model S to allow fast battery swapping, which also facilitated vehicle assembly. In 2013, Tesla demonstrated a battery swap operation taking around 90 seconds, about half the time it takes to refill an empty gas tank. Tesla originally planned to support widespread battery swapping, but supposedly abandoned the plan due to perceived lack of interest by customers. Tesla has been accused of gaming the California Air Resources Board system for zero-emission vehicle credits by launching the "battery swap" program that was never made available to the public. Tesla announced in 2020 that it would integrate the batteries into the body to increase strength and reduce weight and cost.

Sales and markets

U.S. deliveries began June 2012. Tesla reported 520 reservations for the Model S during the first week they were available and by December 2012, a total 15,000 net reservations (after deliveries and cancellations) had been received by year-end.

The special edition Model S Signature model was sold out before deliveries began in June 2012, and according to Tesla all models were sold out for that year shortly after. A total of 2,650 cars were delivered in North America in 2012.

Tesla delivered 50,658 Model S/X units in 2015. Tesla sold more than 50,000 Model S cars globally in 2016, making it the world's top selling plug-in electric that year. In 2017, it became only the second EV to sell more than 200,000 units behind the Nissan Leaf.

The Model S was released in Europe in early August 2013, and the first deliveries took place in Norway, Switzerland and the Netherlands. By November 2013, the Model S was on sale in 20 countries. By the end of 2013, Norway and Switzerland became the company's largest per capita sales markets.

Retail deliveries in China began in April 2014. The right-hand-drive model was released in the UK in June 2014, followed by Hong Kong in July 2014 and Japan in September 2014. Deliveries in Australia began in December 2014.

The Model S ranked as the world's second best selling plug-in electric vehicle after the Nissan Leaf. About 55% of deliveries went to North America, 30% to Europe, and 15% to the Asia-Pacific market.

, the Model S was sold in 30 countries. The Model S was the world's best-selling plug-in electric car in 2015, ahead of the Nissan Leaf (about 43,000 units).

2016–2020

The Model S was the world's top selling plug-in car for the second year running. As of 2018, the Model S rank fell to second place after the BAIC EC-Series city car, which sold over 78,000 units in China.

The Model S continued to rank as the second most-sold electric car in history after the Nissan Leaf. , cumulative global sales totaled about 263,504 units.

Sales by country

Asia/Pacific

The first nine Australian units were delivered in Sydney on December 9, 2014. Tesla opened its first store and service centre in St Leonards, and its first Supercharger station at Pyrmont in December 2014.

The Model S was the top selling all-electric car in the country for the first quarter of 2015.

The first Chinese deliveries took place on April 22, 2014. The standard equipment was the same as the European version, with larger back seats because the car was expected to be driven by a chauffeur.

By mid-2018, China ranked as Tesla’s second largest market.

Sales began in Hong Kong in July 2014.

Europe

European retail deliveries began in August 2013, in Norway, Switzerland and the Netherlands. Sales rose most rapidly in Norway. The Model S topped the European luxury car segment in 2015, ahead of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class (14,990), the traditional leader.

In April 2014 the Schiphol Group announced that three companies were selected to provide all-electric taxi service in Amsterdam Airport Schiphol.

Sales in 2015 totaled 1,805 units, and declined to 1,693 in 2016. , combined registrations of the Model S (5,681) and the Model X (250) represented 48.6% of the 12,196 all-electric cars on Dutch roads at the end of that month. The Model S was the all-time top selling all-electric car in the Netherlands with 12,394 cars registered at the end of March 2021, however it has since been overtaken by the Tesla Model 3, with 38,745 cars registered in March 2021.

Europe's first delivery took place in Oslo on August 7, 2013. By the end of August, Europe's first six charging stations opened, in Lyngdal, Aurland, Dombås, Gol, Sundebru and Lillehammer.

North America

The world's first delivery took place on June 1, 2012 in California, to a Tesla board member, while formal deliveries to the public began at a large ceremony on June 22, 2013.

The first Model S sedans were delivered in Canada in December 2012.

Retail sales began in Mexico City in December 2015. Initially, no Supercharger stations are available in the country.

Retail sales model

Tesla sells its cars directly to consumers without a dealer network, as other manufacturers have done and as many states require by legislation. In support of its approach, the company fought legal and legislative battles in Ohio, New Jersey, New York and other states. The Tesla direct sales model was permitted in 22 states as of March 2015. In other states the Tesla salesperson is not allowed to discuss prices, and the ultimate sale must be made online.

Safety

Tesla has made many claims about the safety of its vehicles, encompassing vehicle structure and driver assist software.

Features

In 2014, the Model S had a 5-star safety rating from both Euro NCAP and the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). At that time, only two other cars had earned the same recognition since 2011 (when the NHTSA introduced its latest rating scheme).

Incidents

Initial battery fire incidents

The first widely reported fire occurred several minutes after the vehicle hit metal debris on the Washington State Route 167 highway on October 1, 2013. The driver "was able to exit the highway as instructed by the onboard alert system, bring the car to a stop and depart the vehicle without injury". He then contacted authorities and, while awaiting their arrival, smoke began coming out the front of the vehicle. The driver stated that he hit something while exiting the HOV lane. Tesla stated that the fire was caused by the "direct impact of a large metallic object to one of the 16 battery modules", and that by design, the modules were separated by firewalls, limiting the fire to "a small section in the front of the vehicle".

The module was evidently punctured by a "curved section" that fell off a truck and was recovered near the accident. Tesla stated that the debris punched a diameter hole through the armor plate under the vehicle, applying force of some 25 tons. Built-in vents directed the flames away from the vehicle so that the fire did not enter the passenger compartment. According to Tesla, the firefighters followed standard procedure; using water to extinguish the fire was correct, however, puncturing the metal firewall to gain access to the fire also allowed the flames to spread to the front trunk. Tesla also stated that because the battery pack contains "only about 10% of the energy contained in a gasoline tank", the effective combustion potential of a single module is only about 1% that of a conventional vehicle.

NHTSA reported, "After reviewing all available data, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has not found evidence at this time that would indicate the recent battery fire involving a Tesla Model S was the result of a vehicle safety defect or noncompliance with federal safety standards." The following month, the NHTSA opened a preliminary evaluation to determine "the potential risks associated with undercarriage strikes on model year 2013 Tesla Model S vehicles". On March 28, 2014, NHTSA closed its investigation, claiming that the (new) titanium underbody shield and aluminum deflector plates, along with increased ground clearance, "should reduce both the frequency of underbody strikes and the resultant fire risk".

Subsequent fires

On November 6, 2013, a fire broke out after a Model S struck a tow hitch on the roadway, causing damage beneath the vehicle. The incidents led Tesla to extend its warranty to cover fire damage and to apply a software update to increase ground clearance when operating at highway speed.

Another fire took place in Toronto, Canada, in February 2014. The Model S was parked in a garage and was not charging when the fire started. The origin of the fire is undetermined. According to Tesla "in this particular case, we don't yet know the precise cause, but have definitively determined that it did not originate in the battery, the charging system, the adapter or the electrical receptacle, as these components were untouched by the fire".

Starting with vehicle bodies manufactured , all units were outfitted with a triple underbody shield. Existing cars were retrofitted upon request or as part of routine service.

On January 1, 2016, a 2014 Model S caught fire while supercharging unsupervised i
Brokelandsheia, Norway
The vehicle was destroyed but nobody was injured. The fire was slow, and the owner had time to unplug the car and retrieve possessions. An investigation by the Norwegian Accident Investigation Board (AIBN) indicated that the fire originated in the car, but was otherwise inconclusive. In March 2016, Tesla stated that their own investigation into the incident concluded that the fire was caused by a short circuit in the vehicle's distribution box, but that the amount of damage prevented them from determining the exact cause. Tesla stated that the Supercharger detected the short circuit and deactivated, and a future Model S software update would stop the vehicle from charging if a short circuit is detected.

NTSB stated that Teslas are not more prone to fires than other vehicles.

Recalls

, Tesla had had seven Model S recalls:

* On June 14, 2013, Tesla recalled Model S vehicles manufactured between May 10, 2013, and June 8, 2013, due to improper methods for aligning the left hand seat back striker to the bracket, which could weaken the weld between the bracket and frame.
* On January 13, 2014, Tesla recalled Model S vehicles manufactured in 2013, because the adapter, cord, or wall outlet could overheat during charging.
* On November 20, 2015, Tesla announced a voluntary recall of all of its 90,000 Model S vehicles, in order to check for a possible defect in the cars' front seat belt assemblies. The problem was raised by one customer in Europe. Tesla's resulting investigation was unable to identify a root cause for the failure, and the company decided to examine every car. Tesla reported that no accidents or injuries were related to the problem.
* On January 20, 2017, Tesla recalled Model S made from 2012 in January 2017 due to defective Takata airbags. Cars manufactured later (until 2017) had smaller risk.
* On April 20, 2017, Tesla issued a worldwide recall of 53,000 of the 76,000 Model S and Model X vehicles sold in 2016 due to faulty parking brakes.
* On March 30, 2018, all 123,000 Model S cars manufactured before April 2016 were recalled due to excessive corrosion of the bolts which secure the power steering, particularly those cars used in cold countries where roads are salted.
*In December 2021, 119,009 Model S vehicles were recalled because of the possibility of latch failure allowing front hoods to open unexpectedly.

Autopilot

The first known fatal accident when Autopilot was active occurred in Williston, Florida on May 7, 2016. In June 2016, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) opened a formal investigation into the accident, working with the Florida Highway Patrol. According to NHTSA, preliminary reports indicate the crash occurred when a tractor-trailer made a left turn in front of the Tesla at an intersection on a non-controlled access highway, and the driver and the car failed to apply the brakes. NHTSA's preliminary evaluation examined the design and performance of automated driving systems, which involved an estimated 25,000 cars.

According to Tesla, "neither autopilot nor the driver noticed the white side of the tractor-trailer against a brightly lit sky, so the brake was not applied." The car attempted to drive full speed under the trailer, "with the bottom of the trailer impacting the windshield of the Model S." Tesla also stated that this was Tesla's first known Autopilot-related death in over driven by its customers while Autopilot was activated. According to Tesla a fatality occurred every among all type of vehicles in the U.S. In January 2017, NTSB concluded Tesla was not at fault since the driver in the crash had seven seconds to see the truck and take action; the investigation revealed that the Tesla car crash rate dropped by 40 percent under autopilot.

NHTSA safety

On August 19, 2013, based on NHTSA safety ratings, a Tesla press release claimed that the Model S had achieved the best safety rating of any car ever tested. Tesla stated, "NHTSA does not publish a star rating above 5, however safety levels better than 5 stars ''are'' captured in the overall Vehicle Safety Score (VSS) provided to manufacturers, where the Model S achieved a new combined record of 5.4 stars." However, a few days later NHTSA rebutted Tesla's claim, explaining that the rating for the Model S was equal to any other car receiving 5-stars, and claiming that the carmaker did not follow its advertising guidelines.

In July 2017, the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) found that during front crash tests, the Model S safety belts let the driver's torso move too far forward, resulting in the head striking the steering wheel hard through the airbag. This problem was already pointed out in one of the IIHS's earliers tests, to which Tesla responded they would improve their safety belt design, which, according to the IIHS's latest tests, has not been done. The IIHS also gave the Model S the worst possible rating for its headlights. The report caused Tesla to lose 6.4% of its stock value.

Issues and criticism

Range limitation

On February 8, 2013, ''The New York Times'' published a review by John M. Broder about a trip between Washington, D.C., and Boston using Tesla's Supercharger network. At the time it included only two stations on the East Coast. Broder made a variety of critical claims about the battery's performance in cold weather and the distance between charging stations. The trip ended with the Model S carried on a flatbed truck to the Milford, Connecticut, station.

Tesla responded by publishing logs of the vehicle's charge levels and driving speed that contradicted Broder's account. Tesla implied that Broder's behavior forced the car to fail. Broder replied to the criticism, suggesting that the speed discrepancies may have been because the car had been equipped with 19-inch wheels rather than the specified 21-inch wheels. In the midst of the controversy, a CNN reporter recreated Broder's trip without exhausting the battery. However, two differences distinguished the journeys. The weather was about warmer and CNN completed the trip in one day; the ''Times'' let the car sit overnight while not plugged in. A reporter from CNBC also recreated the trip in one day without incidents. One week later, a group of Tesla owners recreated Broder's trip without problems.

On February 18, 2013, ''The New York Times'' Public Editor Margaret Sullivan published an editorial stating that Broder took "casual and imprecise notes" and used poor judgment, but she maintained that the article was written in good faith. She admitted that Broder's vehicle logs were "sometimes quite misleading."

In July and September 2014 tests performed by an independent German car magazine in cooperation with the TÜV (German Association for Technical Inspection) and Tesla owners seemed to reveal issues with the battery's performance. According to the magazine, Tesla did not take up the invitation to repeat the test, and seemed to refuse to offer vehicles for a second test. A test performed by another German publication ("Die Welt") supported the findings.

Power dissipation when not in use

Older versions of the system software suffered from power drain issues when the car wasn't being used, with the batteries losing 4.5 kWh overnight (known commonly as "vampire drain"). System software v5.8 (v1.49.30), released December 12, 2013, reduced overnight energy loss substantially, to 1.1 kWh per night, or around 3 miles.

''Consumer Reports''' recommendation

In October 2015, two months after naming the Tesla 'the best car ever tested,' ''Consumer Reports'' declined to give the Tesla Model S a "recommended" designation, citing too many complaints from owners. Complaints ranged from misaligned doors and squeaky body, to total drive train failure and inoperable door handles. Tesla's shares dropped 15%, both because of the magazine's cut and because of concerns over the Tesla Model X luxury SUV. Similarly, Edmunds.com found quality and safety issues in their long-term road test and "amassed quite the repair résumé during the last 17 months." Both Edmunds and ''Consumer Reports'' reported the vehicle stalling while driving.

In their 2016 Annual Auto Reliability Survey, ''Consumer Reports'' improved the Model S rating to average reliability. The magazine raised "serious concerns about how some automakers, including Tesla, have designed, deployed, and marketed semi-autonomous technology."

By 2017, in the ''Consumer Reports'' Car Reliability Survey, Tesla's position on the list moved up four spots; and the predicted reliability rating for Model S reached "above average" for the first time.

In 2018 the annual ''Consumer Reports'' reliability survey found Tesla cars amongst the worst with the brand falling 6 spots from 2017 and third worst amongst the brands surveyed. The Model S dropped "below average" in reliability with suspension problems and other issues that included the extending door handle.

In 2019 the model S achieved a ''Consumer Reports'' "recommended" designation due to improved reliability, with the Model S as the second-most reliable out of four ultra-luxury cars tested.

Power discrepancy

The P85D "insane mode" was widely reported to have 691 horsepower, but some owners reported 20% less power on the dynamometer in various circumstances. , Tesla website showed battery-limited combined  for P85D ( for "Ludicrous"). A lawsuit by 126 owners in Norway was settled in December 2016.

Power consumption

In early March 2016, a report by ''Stuff'' magazine revealed that a test performed by VICOM, Ltd on behalf of Singapore's Land Transport Authority had found a 2014 Tesla Model S to be consuming , which was greater than the reported by EPA and the reported by Tesla. As a result, a carbon surcharge was imposed on the Model S, making Singapore the only country in the world to impose an environmental surcharge on a fully electric car. The Land Transport Authority justified this by stating that it had to "account for emissions during the electricity generation process" and therefore "a grid emission factor of 0.5 g/watt-hour was also applied to the electric energy consumption". Tesla countered that when the energy used to extract, refine, and distribute gasoline was taken into account, the Model S produced approximately one-third the of an equivalent gasoline-powered vehicle.

Later that month, the Land Transport Authority released a statement stating that they and the VICOM Emission Test Laboratory would work with Tesla engineers to determine whether the test was flawed, and a Tesla statement indicated that the discussions were "positive" and that they were confident of a quick resolution.

Plaid+ reservation issues

After it was announced that Plaid+ was canceled, some reservation holders discovered their reservations had been converted into a full order for the regular Plaid version and with no refund included for their Plaid+ deposit.

Awards

The Model S has received numerous awards, including:
* 2013 AutoGuide.com Reader's Choice Car of the Year
* 2013 World Green Car of the Year.
* Automobile Magazine's 2013 Car of the Year, a unanimous decision.
* CNET Tech Car of the Year for 2012
* ''Consumer Reports'' gave the Model S a score of 103 out of 100, its highest ever. The Model S broke the rating scale of Consumer Reports during its most recent test.
* ''Consumer Reports 2013 survey of owner satisfaction produced a score of 99 out of 100, "the highest the magazine has seen in years." In 2014 the Model S topped for the second year in a row ''Consumer Reports'' survey of owner satisfaction. This time the Model S had a score of 98 out of 100.
* ''Consumer Reports'' found the Model S to be 'Best Overall' for 2014 across all 10 categories of cars, light trucks and SUVs, chosen from more than 260 vehicles the organization has recently tested. The magazine considers the Model S a "technological tour de force, while pricey, is brimming with innovation." In 2015 they rated the Model S at 103 (breaking the scale).
* Green Car Reports' Best Car To Buy 2013
* Hagerty Greatest Car of the Decade (2010s)
* ''Motor Trend'' 2013 Car of the Year, also a unanimous decision and the first winner in the award's history to not be powered by an internal combustion engine.
* Natural Resources Canada 2013 EcoENERGY for Vehicles Awards in the full-size category
* ''Popular Science''s Auto Grand Award Winner Best of What's New list 2012.
* ''The Telegraph'' included the Model S in its list of the top 10 cars that changed the world published in December 2014, and also named the electric sedan the most important car of the last 20 years.
* '' Time Magazine'' Best 25 Inventions of the Year 2012 award. In 2019, the model S was included in the Time Magazine list of best gadgets of the 2010s.
* Yahoo! Autos 2013 Car of the Year.
* American Automobile Association Green Car Guide 2015, top spot (P85D). The Model S also won the 2014 AAA Green Car Guide.
* 2019 Green Car Reports Car of the Decade.

Records

All of these records used hypermiling techniques such as front motor only, low speed , no air conditioning and minimal use of the brakes. These attempts were inspired by a blog written by Elon Musk about the planned range and efficiency of the Tesla Model S, offering a prize for anyone exceeding on a single charge, where it was estimated the 85 kWh model could do it by driving at a constant under ideal conditions.

In early September 2019, a prototype ("plaid" tri motor) Tesla Model S went faster than the official record for the fastest "four-door electric sports car" at the Laguna Seca Raceway, beating a previous time held by the Tesla Performance.

See also

* Electric car use by country
* Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles
* List of electric cars currently available
* List of fastest production cars by acceleration
* List of production cars by power output
* List of modern production plug-in electric vehicles
* List of production battery electric vehicles
* List of Easter eggs in Tesla products

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{{Cite news , first=David , last=McCowen , date=May 26, 2015 , title=Why the Tesla is Australia's best-selling electric car , work=Drive , url=http://www.drive.com.au/motor-news/why-the-tesla-is-australias-bestselling-electric-car-20150526-gh9tl8.html , access-date=July 13, 2015
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{{Cite news , last1=Yadron , first1=Danny , last2=Tynan , first2=Dan , date=July 1, 2016 , title=Tesla driver dies in first fatal crash while using autopilot mode , work=The Guardian , location=San Francisco , url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jun/30/tesla-autopilot-death-self-driving-car-elon-musk , access-date=July 1, 2016
{{Cite news , last1=Vlasic , first1=Bill , last2=Boudette , first2=Neal E. , date=June 30, 2016 , title=Self-Driving Tesla Involved in Fatal Crash , work=The New York Times , url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/01/business/self-driving-tesla-fatal-crash-investigation.html , access-date=July 1, 2016
{{Cite news , last=Morris , first=David Paul , date=July 1, 2016 , title=Highway patrol found DVD player in wreckage of fatal Tesla accident , publisher=CNBC , agency=Associated Press , url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/07/01/truck-driver-involved-with-fatal-tesla-accident-says-driver-was-watching-a-movie.html , access-date=July 1, 2016
{{Cite news , last=Hutchinson , first=Lee , date=May 21, 2015 , title=Bill to allow Tesla to sell cars in Texas dies in committee , work=Ars Technica , url=https://arstechnica.com/cars/2015/05/bill-to-allow-tesla-to-sell-cars-in-texas-dies-in-committee/ , access-date=July 8, 2015
{{Cite web , last=Dillard , first=Ted , date=September 23, 2014 , title=Rare Look Inside A Tesla Model S Battery Pack , url=http://insideevs.com/look-inside-a-tesla-model-s-battery-pac/ , access-date=September 23, 2014 , publisher=InsideEVs
{{Cite book , last=Vance , first=Ashlee , url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/933272365 , title=Elon Musk : Tesla, SpaceX, and the quest for a fantastic future , date=January 24, 2017 , isbn=978-0-06-230125-3 , edition=First Ecco paperback , location=New York, NY , pages=160 , oclc=933272365
{{Cite web , title=2013 Tesla Model S 5 HB RWD , url=http://www.safercar.gov/Vehicle-Shoppers/5%E2%80%93Star-Safety-Ratings/2011%E2%80%93Newer-Vehicles/Vehicle%E2%80%93Detail?vehicleId=7769 , access-date=October 25, 2014 , publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation
{{Cite web , last=Pontes , first=Jose , date=January 18, 2014 , title=Belgium December 2013 , url=http://www.ev-sales.blogspot.ca/2014/01/belgium-december-2013.html , access-date=January 25, 2014 , publisher=EV Sales
{{Cite web , date=January 2016 , title=Immatriculations de Voitures Neuves Par Marque – December 2015 , trans-title=New Car Registrations per Brand – December 2015 , url=http://www.febiac.be/documents_febiac/publications/2016/cars.pdf , access-date=January 19, 2016 , publisher=Fédération Belge De L´Autombile Et Du Cycle (FEBIAC) , language=fr ''See in the left side cumulative sales for 2015 (820) and 2014 (521).''
{{Cite web , last=Pontes , first=Jose , date=January 24, 2017 , title=Belgium December 2016 , url=http://ev-sales.blogspot.ca/2017/01/belgium-december-2016.html , access-date=March 10, 2017 , publisher=EV Sales
{{Cite web , last=Pontes , first=Jose , date=January 4, 2018 , title=Belgium December 2017 , url=http://ev-sales.blogspot.ca/2018/01/belgium-december-2017.html , access-date=January 28, 2018 , publisher=EV Sales
{{Cite web , last=Jose Pontes , date=January 4, 2019 , title=Belgium December 2018 , url=http://ev-sales.blogspot.com/2019/01/belgium-december-2018.html , access-date=February 2, 2019 , publisher=EV Sales
{{Cite web , last=Dorian , first=Drew , date=October 13, 2020 , title=2021 Tesla Model S Review, Pricing, and Specs , url=https://www.caranddriver.com/tesla/a27436551/model-s/ , website=Car and Driver
{{Cite web , last=Voelcker , first=John , title=Is Tesla's new battery-swap station just a ploy to gain zero-emission vehicle credits? , url=https://www.businessinsider.com/teslas-new-battery-swap-stations-2015-3 , access-date=2020-04-18 , website=Business Insider
{{Cite web , date=December 14, 2019 , title=The 10 Best Gadgets of the 2010s , url=https://time.com/5745302/best-gadgets-of-the-2010s-decade/ , access-date=December 15, 2019

{{Cite news , last=Alspach , first=Kyle , date=October 9, 2014 , title=New Tesla Is Way More Robotic and Also One of the Fastest Sedans on the Planet , work=BostInno , url=http://bostinno.streetwise.co/2014/10/09/oct-9-model-d-announcement-tesla-model-d-price-photos/
{{Cite web , last=Bower , first=George , year=2016 , title=Tesla Model S Recycles Waste Heat to Warm the Battery , url=http://insideevs.com/tesla-model-s-recycles-waste-heat-to-warm-the-battery-bower/ , access-date=July 1, 2017 , website=insideevs.com , quote=Once you start driving, heat generated by the motor is used to heat up the battery. .. it might take several minutes before the battery is warm enough to provide full acceleration.

{{Cite news , last=Liptak , first=Andrew , date=August 6, 2017 , title=Italian Tesla drivers set distance record after driving Model S 670 miles on a single charge , work=The Verge , url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/8/6/16104628/tesla-drivers-italy-distance-record-model-s , access-date=August 30, 2017
{{Cite web , last= , date=June 14, 2013 , title=Tesla Model S Recalls , url=https://www.cars.com/recalls/tesla-model_s/ , access-date=April 21, 2017 , website=Cars.com
{{Cite magazine , last=Sherman , first=Don , date=June 2014 , title=Drag Queens: Aerodynamics Compared – Comparison Test , url=http://www.caranddriver.com/features/drag-queens-aerodynamics-compared-comparison-test-fourth-place-mercedes-benz-cla250-page-3 , url-status=live , magazine=Car and Driver , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107154510/https://www.caranddriver.com/features/drag-queens-aerodynamics-compared-comparison-test-fourth-place-mercedes-benz-cla250-page-3 , archive-date=November 7, 2018 , access-date=June 9, 2014
{{Cite magazine , last=Quiroga , first=Tony , date=January 30, 2015 , title=2015 Tesla Model S P85D , url=http://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/2015-tesla-model-s-p85d-first-drive-review , url-status=live , magazine= Car and Driver , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160523153631/http://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/2015-tesla-model-s-p85d-first-drive-review , archive-date=May 23, 2016 , access-date=December 12, 2016
{{Cite magazine , last=Tingwall , first=Eric , date=June 2015 , title=2015 Tesla Model S P85D – Driving 40,000 miles, 250 miles at a time , url=http://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/2015-tesla-model-s-p85d-long-term-intro-review , url-status=live , magazine= Car and Driver , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928015243/http://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/2015-tesla-model-s-p85d-long-term-intro-review , archive-date=September 28, 2015
{{Cite press release , title=A Tragic Loss , date=June 30, 2016 , publisher= Tesla Motors , url=https://www.teslamotors.com/blog/tragic-loss , access-date=July 1, 2016
{{Cite news , last=Spring , first=Jake , date=October 23, 2015 , title=CORRECTED-(OFFICIAL)-UPDATE 2-Tesla CEO says negotiating with China on local production , work=Reuters , url=https://www.reuters.com/article/tesla-china-idUSL3N12N2RF20151024 , access-date=October 24, 2015 ''Tesla sold sold 3,025 Model S cars in China from January to September 2015.''
{{Cite news , last= , date=March 7, 2015 , title=Tesla cutting 30% of staff in China , work=Want China Times , url=http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20150307000077&cid=1202 , url-status=dead , access-date=March 9, 2015 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150308121034/http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20150307000077&cid=1202 , archive-date=March 8, 2015 ''Tesla imported 4,800 Model S cars in 2014, but only 2,499 of those vehicles were registered for road use in China.''
{{Cite news , last=Schmitt , first=Bertel , date=March 4, 2017 , title=Tesla's Sudden Chinese Billion, Where Are The Cars Behind It? , work=Forbes , url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/bertelschmitt/2017/03/04/teslas-sudden-chinese-billion-where-are-the-cars-behind-it/2/#380b62515299 , access-date=March 6, 2017
{{Cite news , last=Dobush , first=Grace , date=August 1, 2018 , title=Why Tesla Is Investing $5 Billion in a New China Factory, Its First Outside the U.S. , work=Fortune , url=http://fortune.com/2018/08/01/tesla-china-factory-5-billion-elon-musk-shanghai/ , access-date=January 28, 2019
{{Cite news , first=Julie , last=Makinen , date=April 22, 2014 , title=Tesla delivers its first electric cars in China; delays upset some , work=Los Angeles Times , url=https://www.latimes.com/business/autos/highway1/la-fi-hy-tesla-elon-musk-china-20140422,0,4201103.story , access-date=April 22, 2014
{{Cite web , last=Hesseldahl , first=Arik , date=October 14, 2014 , title=What's Inside the Tesla Model S Dashboard , url=http://recode.net/2014/10/14/whats-inside-the-tesla-model-s-dashboard/ , website=Re/code
{{Cite news , last=Roelsgaard , first=Peter , date=January 1, 2016 , title=Norsk Tesla bryder i brand under opladning , language=no , trans-title=Norsk Tesla ignites during charging , work=Ekstra Bladet , url=http://ekstrabladet.dk/112/norsk-tesla-bryder-i-brand-under-opladning/5892116 , access-date=January 2, 2016
{{Cite web , date=March 10, 2016 , title=Here's how clean a Model S is in Singapore (and elsewhere) , url=https://www.teslamotors.com/support/heres-how-clean-model-s-singapore-and-elsewhere , access-date=June 1, 2016 , website=Tesla Motors
{{Cite news , last=Wattles , first=Jackie , date=March 30, 2018 , title=Tesla recall: 123,000 Model S cars may have a steering problem , work=CNN , location=US , url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/03/29/technology/business/tesla-model-s-recall/index.html , access-date=April 4, 2018
{{Cite web , last=Blanco , first=Sebastian , date=March 28, 2014 , title=Tesla adds free titanium underbody shields to Model S to prevent fires , url=http://green.autoblog.com/2014/03/28/prevent-fire-tesla-adds-free-titanium-underbody-shields-model-s/ , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330071458/http://green.autoblog.com/2014/03/28/prevent-fire-tesla-adds-free-titanium-underbody-shields-model-s/ , archive-date=March 30, 2014 , access-date=March 31, 2014 , website=Autoblog Green , publisher= AOL Inc.

{{Cite web , title=Consumer Reports Cuts Tesla From Its Recommended List Over Reliability , url=https://www.yahoo.com/autos/teslas-reliability-doesnt-match-its-high-170529595.html , access-date=October 27, 2015 , publisher=Yahoo!
{{Cite web , date=October 24, 2016 , title=Consumer Reports Car Reliability Survey 2016 , url=http://www.consumerreports.org/car-reliability/car-reliability-survey-2016/ , access-date=October 24, 2016 , magazine=Consumer Reports
{{Cite news , last=Crider , first=Johnna , date=2020-06-16 , title=Tesla Model S Long Range Plus Exceeds 400 Miles Of Range, EPA Confirms , work= cleantechnica.com , url=https://cleantechnica.com/2020/06/16/tesla-model-s-long-range-plus-exceeds-400-miles-of-range-epa-confirms/ , access-date=2020-06-25
{{Cite web , last= , date=January 13, 2014 , title=Tesla Model S Recalls , url=https://www.cars.com/recalls/tesla-model_s/ , access-date=April 21, 2017 , website=Cars.com
{{Cite web , last=hermes , date=March 4, 2016 , title=Electric car Tesla slapped with $15,000 tax surcharge , url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/electric-car-tesla-slapped-with-15000-tax-surcharge , access-date=June 1, 2016 , website=The Straits Times
{{Cite news , last=Carlson , first=Randy , date=March 2, 2015 , title=Tesla: Gigafactory Tipping Point , work=Seeking Alpha , url=http://seekingalpha.com/article/2966026-tesla-gigafactory-tipping-point , access-date=July 8, 2015
{{Cite news , last=Meiners , first=Jens , date=August 28, 2014 , title=Beim dritten Gasstoß fängt der Tesla an zu schwächeln , trans-title=By the third step on the pedal the Tesla starts to weaken , work=Die Welt , url=https://www.welt.de/motor/article131669893/Beim-dritten-Gasstoss-faengt-der-Tesla-an-zu-schwaecheln.html , access-date=November 12, 2014
{{Cite news , last=Mark Rogowsky , date=August 20, 2013 , title=Safest Car on the Road: Even Crashing Into A Wall Is Good News For Tesla , work=Forbes , url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/markrogowsky/2013/08/20/safest-car-on-the-road-even-crashing-into-a-wall-is-good-news-for-tesla/ , access-date=September 1, 2013
{{Cite web , last=Noland , first=David , date=November 11, 2014 , title=2014 Tesla Model S: 2014 Tesla Model S: Killing 3 Versions, 2 Colors, Some Options , url=http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1095390_2014-tesla-model-s-killing-3-versions-2-colors-some-options , access-date=November 27, 2014 , publisher=Green Car Reports
{{Cite web , title=Tesla Model S first drive , url=http://reviews.cnet.com/8301-13746_7-57459125-48/tesla-model-s-first-drive-quiet-satisfaction/ , access-date=January 28, 2013 , website=CNET
{{Cite news , last=Phillips , first=Drew , date=April 28, 2015 , title=AAA ranks Tesla Model S P85D best green car of 2015, Versa is best value , work=Auto Blog , url=http://www.autoblog.com/2015/04/28/aaa-ranks-tesla-model-s-p85d-best-green-car-of-2015-versa-is-be/ , access-date=May 12, 2015
{{Cite news , last=Jin , first=Hyunjoo , date=31 December 2021 , title=Tesla recalls almost half a million cars , publisher=nextmedia , agency=Reuters , url=https://www.itnews.com.au/news/tesla-recalls-almost-half-a-million-cars-574376 , access-date=31 December 2021
{{Cite web , date=August 7, 2013 , title=Tesla Motors, Inc. – Second Quarter 2013 Shareholder Letter , url=http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-4CW8X0/2450489059x0x682962/f9e27702-90ed-4516-a16e-dc720c411089/Q2'13%20Tesla%20Motors%20Shareholder%20Letter.pdf , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422232326/http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-4CW8X0/2450489059x0x682962/f9e27702-90ed-4516-a16e-dc720c411089/Q2'13%20Tesla%20Motors%20Shareholder%20Letter.pdf , archive-date=April 22, 2014 , access-date=August 7, 2013 , publisher=Tesla Motors
{{Cite web , date=July 2016 , title=Statistik – Nyregistreringstal – Personbiler – Pr.model: januar–juni 2016 , trans-title=Statistics – Passenger cars by model: January–June 2015 , url=http://www.bilimp.dk/statistics/index.asp , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508044311/http://www.bilimp.dk/statistics/index.asp , archive-date=May 8, 2013 , access-date=August 9, 2016 , publisher=Bilimp , language=da ''"Select "2015 or 2014 or 2013 – Hele året" for the corresponding year and click on "Pr. model" for details of sales by brand and model.''
{{Cite news , last=Christensen , first=Thomas Bo , date=January 4, 2016 , title=Tesla blev Danmarks mest solgte bil i december , language=da , trans-title=Tesla was Denmark's best selling car in December , work=Energi Watch , url=http://energiwatch.dk/Energinyt/Politik___Markeder/article8342386.ece , access-date=January 7, 2016
{{Cite web , date=January 3, 2017 , title=Bilsalget i december samt hele 2016 , trans-title=Car sales in December and throughout 2016 , url=https://www.bilimp.dk/Nyhed?id=151 , access-date=March 8, 2017 , publisher=Bilimp , language=da ''Download the file "12-2016.xls" and click on the tab "Pressemeddelelse''"
{{Cite web , date=January 8, 2018 , title=ÅRETS BILSALG 2017 , trans-title=Car sales 2017 , url=https://www.bilimp.dk/Nyhed?id=5855 , access-date=January 28, 2018 , publisher=Bilimp , language=da ''Download the file "12-2017.xls" and click on the tab "Pressemeddelelse''"
{{Cite web , last=LaPedus , first=Mark , date=2007-01-08 , title=EETimes – Tesla tips new electric sports car – , url=https://www.eetimes.com/tesla-tips-new-electric-sports-car/ , access-date=2020-10-07 , website=EETimes
{{Cite web , last=Ronan Glon , date=September 29, 2015 , title=Owners Question Tesla P85D Power Output , url=http://www.digitaltrends.com/cars/owners-question-tesla-p85d-power-output-news-letter-2/ , website= Digital Trends
{{Cite news , last=Cobb , first=Jeff , date=November 17, 2016 , title=The Netherlands Becomes Sixth Country To Buy 100,000 Plug-in Vehicles , work=HybridCars.com , url=http://www.hybridcars.com/the-netherlands-becomes-sixth-country-to-buy-100000-plug-in-vehicles/ , access-date=November 18, 2016
{{Cite news , last=Ashlee Vance , date=August 20, 2013 , title=Tesla's Model S Sedan Destroys Safety Tests ... Literally , work=Bloomberg Businessweek , url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-08-20/teslas-model-s-sedan-destroys-safety-tests-dot-dot-dot-literally , access-date=September 1, 2013

{{Cite web , last=King , first=Danny , date=December 13, 2012 , title=Tesla will assemble, distribute vehicles in Holland for European market , url=http://green.autoblog.com/2012/12/13/tesla-will-assemble-distribute-vehicles-in-holland-for-european/ , access-date=December 23, 2012 , publisher=Autoblog Green
{{Cite press release , title=2013 ecoENERGY for Vehicles Awards , date=February 14, 2013 , publisher=Natural Resources Canada , url=http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/media-room/news-release/2013/6844 , access-date=February 22, 2013 , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004064245/https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/media-room/news-release/2013/6844 , archive-date=October 4, 2013 , author=Natural Resources Canada
{{Cite news , last=David Shepardson , date=October 24, 2013 , title=U.S. will not open investigation into Tesla fire , work= The Detroit News , url=http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20131024/AUTO01/310240137/1121/auto0102/U.S.-will-not-open-investigation-into-Tesla-fire , url-status=dead , access-date=October 25, 2013 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191027/http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20131024/AUTO01/310240137/1121/auto0102/U.S.-will-not-open-investigation-into-Tesla-fire , archive-date=October 29, 2013
{{Cite web , last=Lambert , first=Fred , date=2021-06-11 , title=Tesla launches Model S Plaid with new motor tech, faster charging, and new entertainment features , url=https://electrek.co/2021/06/11/tesla-model-s-plaid-new-motor-tech-faster-charging-entertainment-features/ , access-date=2021-06-16 , website=Electrek , language=en-US
{{Cite web , last=Golson , first=Jordan , date=August 23, 2016 , title=Tesla's new 100kWh battery makes Ludicrous Mode even more ludicrous , url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/8/23/12611466/tesla-battery-upgrade-p100d-model-s-x-ludicrous , access-date=May 16, 2019 , website=The Verge
{{Cite web , date=2019-05-08 , title=Understanding The Recent Changes Made To Tesla's Model S & X , url=https://cleantechnica.com/2019/05/08/understanding-the-recent-changes-made-to-teslas-model-s-x/ , access-date=2020-09-13 , website=CleanTechnica , language=en-US
{{Cite tweet , author=Elon Musk , author-link=Elon Musk , user=elonmusk , number=1316454051693895680 , title=The gauntlet has been thrown down! The prophecy will be fulfilled. Model S price changes to $69,420 tonight!
{{Cite web , title=Compare Side-by-Side , url=https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/Find.do?action=sbs&id=32557&id=33612&id=33367&id=33368 , access-date=April 21, 2017 , website=fueleconomy.gov , publisher=U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy

{{Cite web , title=Compare Side-by-Side , url=https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/Find.do?action=sbs&id=38524&id=38569&id=38525&id=38640 , access-date=April 21, 2017 , website=fueleconomy.gov , publisher=U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy
{{Cite news , date=February 22, 2013 , title=After a Charging System Test, a Debate Erupts Online , work=The New York Times , url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/24/automobiles/after-a-charging-system-test-a-debate-erupts-online.html?ref=automobiles&_r=1& , access-date=February 22, 2013
{{Cite news , last=Peter Valdes-Dapena , date=February 15, 2013 , title=Test drive: DC to Boston in a Tesla Model S , work= CNN Money , url=https://money.cnn.com/2013/02/15/autos/tesla-model-s/index.html , access-date=February 16, 2013
{{Cite web , last=Mays , first=Kelsey , date=June 23, 2021 , title=2021 Cars.com American-Made Index: Which Cars Are the Most American? , url=https://www.cars.com/articles/2021-cars-com-american-made-index-which-cars-are-the-most-american-437020/
{{Cite news , last=Motavalli , first=Jim , date=December 12, 2012 , title=Father and Son Drive 423 Miles on One Charge in Tesla Model S , work=The New York Times , url=http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/12/father-and-son-drive-423-miles-on-one-charge-in-tesla-model-s , access-date=June 22, 2016
{{Cite web , title=TESLA MODEL S SALES FIGURES , url=https://www.goodcarbadcar.net/tesla-model-s-sales-figures-usa-canada/ , access-date=June 27, 2021
{{Cite news , last=Bruce , first=Chris , date=April 8, 2015 , title=Tesla adds Model S 70D with all-wheel drive to lineup for $75k , work=AutoBlog , url=http://www.autoblog.com/2015/04/08/tesla-adds-model-s-70d-all-wheel-drive-75k/ , access-date=April 17, 2015
{{Cite web , last=Ingram , first=Antony , date=December 3, 2013 , title=Tesla Wins Vs Ohio Car Dealers, Amendment Defeated , url=http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1088850_tesla-faces-off-against-car-dealers-in-another-state-ohio , access-date=December 3, 2013 , website=Green Car Reports
{{Cite web , title=Tesla Equips Model S Plaid with Innovative New Electric Motor with Carbon-Wrapped Rotor , url=https://www.tesmanian.com/blogs/tesmanian-blog/tesla-equips-model-s-plaid-with-innovative-new-electric-motor , access-date=2021-06-15 , website=TESMANIAN , language=en
{{Cite web , last=Ramsdal , first=Roald , date=December 6, 2016 , title=Tesla mener P85D-kjøperne tok "en risiko for skuffelse, som de selv må bære" , url=http://www.tu.no/artikler/tesla-mener-p85d-kjoperne-tok-en-risiko-for-skuffelse-som-de-selv-ma-baere/365855 , access-date=December 12, 2016 , website=Teknisk Ukeblad
{{Cite news , last=Chris Knapman , date=December 21, 2014 , title=Tesla Model S: the most important car of the last 20 years , work=The Daily Telegraph , url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/motoringvideo/11301983/Tesla-Model-S-the-most-important-car-of-the-last-20-years.html , url-status=dead , access-date=December 29, 2014 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219104030/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/motoringvideo/11301983/Tesla-Model-S-the-most-important-car-of-the-last-20-years.html , archive-date=December 19, 2014
{{Cite web , last=Su , first=Jean Baptiste , title=Tesla Cars May Be The Safest In America, But Fail In Reliability: Consumer Reports , url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeanbaptiste/2018/10/26/tesla-cars-may-be-the-safest-in-america-but-fail-in-reliability-consumer-reports/ , access-date=2019-10-03 , website=Forbes , language=en
{{Cite web , last=Morris , first=James , date=June 12, 2021 , title=Is The Tesla Model S Plaid The Best Car On The Planet? , url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesmorris/2021/06/12/is-the-tesla-model-s-plaid-the-best-car-on-the-planet/ , access-date=2021-07-17 , website=Forbes , language=en
{{Cite news , last=Mukherjee , first=Sy , date=October 30, 2017 , title=This YouTuber Takes 25 Minutes to Explain Everything Wrong With His Tesla Model S , work=Fortune , location=US , url=http://fortune.com/2017/10/30/tesla-model-s-quality-problems-review/ , access-date=April 19, 2018
{{Cite web , last=Torregrossa , first=Michaël , date=January 15, 2014 , title=Tesla Model S – Plus de 22.000 ventes dans le monde en 2013 , trans-title=Tesla Model S – More than 22,000 sales worldwide in 2013 , url=http://www.avem.fr/actualite-tesla-model-s-plus-de-22-000-ventes-dans-le-monde-en-2013-4703.html , access-date=February 12, 2015 , publisher=Association pour l'Avenir du Véhicule Electrique Méditerranéen (AVEM) , language=fr ''A total of 15 units were registered in France in 2013''.
{{Cite web , date=January 9, 2018 , title=Près de 31 000 véhicules électriques immatriculés en France en 2017 ! , trans-title=Nearly 31,000 electric vehicles registered in France in 2017! , url=http://www.avere-france.org/Site/Article/?article_id=7188&from_espace_adherent=0 , access-date=January 23, 2018 , publisher=France Mobilité Électrique – AVERE , location=France , language=fr
{{Cite web , publisher=France Mobilité Électrique – AVERE France , date=January 9, 2019 , title=Baromètre annuel : près de 40 000 véhicules électriques immatriculés en France en 2018 ! , trans-title=Annual barometer: nearly 40,000 electric vehicles registered in France in 2018! , url=http://www.avere-france.org/Site/Article/?article_id=7532&from_espace_adherent=0 , access-date=January 28, 2019 , language=fr

{{Cite news , last=Jason Siu , date=August 22, 2013 , title=Tesla Model S is NOT the Safest Car Ever, Say Feds , work=Auto Guide , url=http://www.autoguide.com/auto-news/2013/08/tesla-model-s-not-safest-car-ever-nhtsa.html , access-date=September 1, 2013
{{Cite web , date=February 20, 2021 , title=Tesla Adaptive Suspension (Raven) Explained , url=https://www.findmyelectric.com/blog/tesla-adaptive-suspension-raven-explained/
{{Cite web , date=September 25, 2012 , title=Tesla launches first six Supercharger locations; 100 kW charging, with 120 kW in future , url=http://www.greencarcongress.com/2012/09/tesla-20120925.html , access-date=December 23, 2012 , publisher= Green Car Congress
{{Cite web , last=Ingram , first=Antony , date=June 4, 2012 , title=Want A 2013 Tesla Model S Signature Edition? Too Late, They're All Gone , url=http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1076686_want-a-2013-tesla-model-s-signature-edition-too-late-theyre-all-gone , access-date=June 21, 2012 , publisher=Green Cars Reports
{{Cite web , last=Ingram , first=Antony , title=Tesla Models S Gets Highest Safety-Test Score Ever Awarded By NHTSA , url=http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1086352_tesla-models-s-gets-highest-safety-test-score-ever-awarded-by-nhtsa , website=Green Car Reports
{{Cite web , date=May 2014 , title=Neuzulassungen von Personenkraftwagen 2013 nach Herstellern, Handelsnamen und ausgewählten Merkmalen , trans-title=New registrations of passenger cars 2013 by manufacturers, trade names and selected characteristics , url=https://www.kba.de/SharedDocs/Publikationen/DE/Statistik/Fahrzeuge/FZ/2013/fz4_2013_pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3 , access-date=April 13, 2015 , website=Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamtes FZ 4, Jahr 2013 , publisher=Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt (KBA) , language=de ''A total of 183 units were registered in Germany in 2013.''
{{Cite web , last=Hilliard , first=Justin , date=Jan 28, 2021 , title=2022 Tesla Model S and Model X pricing and specs detailed: Facelifts for electric car and SUV headlined by ludicrous Plaid power , url=https://www.carsguide.com.au/car-news/2022-tesla-model-s-and-model-x-pricing-and-specs-detailed-facelifts-for-electric-car-and , access-date=2021-06-12 , website=CarsGuide , language=en
{{Cite web , date=March 2017 , title=BEV Overview table – Austria , url=http://www.eafo.eu/vehicle-statistics/m1 , access-date=March 10, 2017 , publisher=European Alternative Fuels Observatory ''Filter by country Austria.''
{{Cite press release , publisher=Schiphol Group , date=April 9, 2014 , title=Schiphol kiest voor duurzaam taxivervoer: Tesla , trans-title=Schiphol chooses sustainable taxi: Tesla , url=http://www.groen7.nl/schiphol-kiest-voor-duurzaam-taxivervoer-tesla/ , access-date=April 21, 2014 , website=Groen7.nl , language=nl
{{Cite web , title=LTA on Tesla: CO2 emissions for electric cars start at power grid , url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/lta-on-tesla-co2/2572062.html , access-date=June 1, 2016 , website=Channel NewsAsia
{{Cite web , last=Cobb , first=Jeff , date=October 12, 2012 , title=First Tesla Superchargers Open October 19 , url=http://www.hybridcars.com/tesla-superchargers-open-october-19-53925/ , access-date=December 23, 2012 , publisher=HybridCars.com
{{Cite web , last=Sarah Shelton , date=September 29, 2015 , title=What Is The Actual Overall Horsepower Rating for the Tesla P85D? , url=http://www.hybridcars.com/what-is-the-actual-overall-horsepower-rating-for-the-tesla-p85d/ , publisher=HybridCars.com
{{Cite report , last1=Beltran , first1=Balbino A. , last2=Dunlap , first2=Michael L. , last3=Richardson , first3=Frank D. , date=August 7, 2013 , title=REPORT NUMBER: NCAP305I-KAR-13-054 NEW CAR ASSESSMENT PROGRAM (NCAP) FMVSS NO. 305 INDICANT TEST TESLA MOTORS, INC. 2013 TESLA MODEL S 5-DOOR HATCHBACK NHTSA NUMBER: MD5001 , url=http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/database/aspx/searchmedia2.aspx?mediatype=r&LJC=8309&existphoto=Y&p_tstno=8309&existreport=Y&r_tstno=8309&existvideo=Y&v_tstno=8309&database=v&tstno=8309 , url-status=dead , publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Safety Adminitstration , issue=NCAP305I-KAR-13-054 , page=A-13 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226120230/http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/database/aspx/searchmedia2.aspx?mediatype=r&LJC=8309&existphoto=Y&p_tstno=8309&existreport=Y&r_tstno=8309&existvideo=Y&v_tstno=8309&database=v&tstno=8309 , archive-date=February 26, 2014 , access-date=February 20, 2014
{{Cite news , last=Lienert , first=Anita , date=June 4, 2012 , title=2013 Tesla Model S Signature Series Is Sold Out , work= Edmunds Inside Line , url=http://www.insideline.com/tesla/model-s/2013/2013-tesla-model-s-signature-series-is-sold-out.html , access-date=June 25, 2012
{{Cite web , last=Fergusson , first=Malcolm , year=2015 , title=How clean are Europe's cars? , url=http://www.transportenvironment.org/sites/te/files/2015_TE_cars_CO2_report_FINAL.pdf , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010115723/http://www.transportenvironment.org/sites/te/files/2015_TE_cars_CO2_report_FINAL.pdf , archive-date=October 10, 2015 , access-date=August 12, 2016 , publisher=European Federation for Transport and Environment , page=14
{{Cite news , title=Tesla Model S: Greatest car of the 2010s {{! Hagerty Articles , url=https://www.hagerty.com/articles-videos/articles/2018/07/12/tesla-model-s-greatest-car-of-the-2010s , access-date=July 23, 2018
{{Cite web , last=Edmunds , first=Dan , date=September 26, 2012 , title=2012 Tesla Model S Signature Performance Suspension Walkaround , url=http://www.edmunds.com/car-reviews/track-tests/2012-tesla-model-s-signature-performance-suspension-walkaround.html , access-date=March 21, 2015 , publisher=Edmunds.com
{{Cite news , last=Soo , first=Zen , date=January 25, 2016 , title=With Tesla's Model S now Hong Kong's top-selling sedan, chief Elon Musk predicts city to become world leader in electric vehicles , work=South China Morning Post , url=http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1905236/teslas-model-s-now-hong-kongs-top-selling-sedan-chief-elon-musk , access-date=February 2, 2016
{{Cite news , last=Tani , first=Maxwell , date=May 21, 2015 , title=Texas says no to Tesla direct sales , work=Business Insider , url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/texas-says-no-to-tesla-2015-5 , access-date=July 7, 2015
{{Cite web , last=Voelcke , first=John , date=December 10, 2012 , title=2013 Tesla Model S: Green Car Reports' Best Car To Buy 2013 , url=http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1080993_2013-tesla-model-s-green-car-reports-best-car-to-buy-2013 , access-date=December 28, 2012 , website=Green Car Reports
{{Cite news , last=Read , first=Richard , date=August 20, 2013 , title=Tesla Model S: So Safe, It Broke NHTSA's Testing Equipment , publisher=TheCarConnection.com , url=http://www.thecarconnection.com/news/1086364_tesla-model-s-so-safe-it-broke-nhtsas-testing-equipment , access-date=September 1, 2015 , quote=NHTSA's normal tests couldn't induce the car to flip, so the agency had to resort to "special means". Tesla credits the sedan's battery pack for that, which gives the Model S a very low center of gravity
{{Cite web , title=Nederland Elektrisch – Cijfers en statistieken EV's in Nederland , url=https://nederlandelektrisch.nl/actueel/verkoopcijfers , website=nederlandelektrisch.nl
{{Cite web , last=John Voelcker , date=June 6, 2012 , title=First 2012 Tesla Model S Delivered To Earliest Depositor Steve Jurvetson (Video) , url=http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1076737_first-2012-tesla-model-s-delivered-to-earliest-depositor-steve-jurvetson , access-date=June 6, 2012 , publisher=Green Car Reports
{{Cite news , last=Cobb , first=Jeff , date=June 23, 2015 , title=Happy 3rd Birthday Tesla Model S: Fleet Is First To Travel One Billion Miles , publisher=HybridCars.com , url=http://www.hybridcars.com/happy-3rd-birthday-tesla-model-s-fleet-is-first-to-travel-one-billion-miles/ , access-date=June 23, 2015
{{Cite web , first=Antony , last=Ingram , date=August 7, 2013 , title=First 2013 Tesla Model S Delivered Outside North America – In Oslo , url=http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1086101_first-2013-tesla-model-s-delivered-outside-north-america--in-oslo , access-date=August 7, 2013 , publisher=Green Car Reports
{{Cite web , last=Broder , first=John , date=February 14, 2013 , title=That Tesla Data: What It Says and What It Doesn't , url=http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/02/14/that-tesla-data-what-it-says-and-what-it-doesnt/ , access-date=February 16, 2013 , newspaper=The New York Times
{{Cite news , last=Mochizuki , first=Takashi , date=September 8, 2014 , title=Tesla's Musk, in Tokyo, Says 'Heart' of Model S Is Japanese , work=The Wall Street Journal , url=https://blogs.wsj.com/japanrealtime/2014/09/08/teslas-musk-in-tokyo-says-heart-of-model-s-is-japanese/ , access-date=September 8, 2014
{{Cite web , last=Cantle , first=Chris , date=October 9, 2014 , title=Tesla Model S P85D: Dual motors, AWD, 691 hp, 3.2 to 60 , url=http://www.roadandtrack.com/new-cars/news/a6358/first-look-tesla-model-s-p85d-dual-motor/ , access-date=April 18, 2015 , magazine= Road & Track
{{Cite news , date=October 10, 2014 , title=Tesla Model D: Elon Musk's new electric car is company's most powerful yet , work=The Independent , url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/tesla-model-d-elon-musks-new-electric-car-is-companys-most-powerful-yet-9786480.html
{{Cite web , first=Eric , last=Loveday , date=July 30, 2014 , title=Tesla Celebrates First Model S Deliveries in Hong Kong – Video , url=http://insideevs.com/tesla-celebrates-first-model-s-deliveries-hong-kong-video/ , access-date=July 30, 2014 , publisher=InsideEVs.com
{{Cite news , last=Edelstein , first=Stephen , date=September 24, 2015 , title=Tesla Model 3 Will Benefit From Lowest Battery Costs of Any Maker: Jefferies , work=Green Car Reports , url=http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1100183_tesla-model-3-will-benefit-from-lowest-battery-costs-of-any-maker-jefferies , access-date=November 6, 2015
{{Cite web , last=Blanco , first=Sebastian , date=September 27, 2009 , title=Report: Tesla Model S was designed with battery swaps in mind , url=http://green.autoblog.com/2009/09/27/report-tesla-model-s-being-designed-with-battery-swaps-in-mind/ , access-date=June 22, 2013 , publisher=Autoblog Green
{{Cite press release , title=NVIDIA Powers Digital Dashboard in New Tesla Motors Electric Sedan , date=June 21, 2012 , publisher=NVidia , url=http://nvidianews.nvidia.com/Releases/NVIDIA-Powers-Digital-Dashboard-in-New-Tesla-Motors-Electric-Sedan-816.aspx , access-date=January 14, 2013 , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625192927/http://nvidianews.nvidia.com/Releases/NVIDIA-Powers-Digital-Dashboard-in-New-Tesla-Motors-Electric-Sedan-816.aspx , archive-date=June 25, 2012
{{Cite news , last=Alan Ohnsman , date=August 20, 2013 , title=Tesla Says Model S Sedan Receives Top U.S. Crash Rating , work=Bloomberg News , url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-08-20/tesla-says-model-s-electric-sedan-gets-top-u-s-crash-rating.html , access-date=September 1, 2013
{{Cite web , first=Eric , last=Loveday , date=December 10, 2014 , title=Tesla Model S Launches in Australia; First Australian Supercharger Comes Online , url=http://insideevs.com/tesla-model-s-launches-australia-first-australian-supercharger-comes-online/ , access-date=July 14, 2015 , publisher=InsideEVs.com
{{Cite web , date=August 12, 2014 , title=Tesla Model S Critical Backlash: Five Main Problems With Electric Car Identified In Recent Reviews , url=http://www.ibtimes.com/tesla-model-s-critical-backlash-five-main-problems-electric-car-identified-recent-1656144 , access-date=April 5, 2016 , website=International Business Times
{{Cite web , title=Tesla MCU1 and MCU2: main differences , url=https://tesletter.com/tesla-mcu1-mcu2-differences/ , access-date=2019-12-17 , website=tesletter.com
{{Cite web , title=2015 Tesla Model S P85D , url=http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/tesla-model-s-p85d.htm , publisher=consumerreports.org
{{Cite news , last=Motavalli , first=Jim , date=May 12, 2012 , title=In White Plains, Tesla Motors Sells the Sizzle and Maybe a Car or Two , work=The New York Times , url=http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/25/in-white-plains-tesla-motors-sells-the-sizzle-and-maybe-a-car-or-two/ , access-date=June 25, 2012
{{Cite web , last=Alvarez , first=Simon , date=March 14, 2018 , title=Tesla Model S/X gets updated MCU for faster, more responsive touchscreen display , url=https://www.teslarati.com/tesla-model-s-x-mcu-upgrade-faster-display/ , access-date=September 21, 2019 , website=TESLARATI , language=en-US
{{Cite web , last=Alonzo , first=Isaiah , date=2020-09-22 , title=Tesla Model S 'Plaid' With Spaceball-Inspired 'Ludicrous Speed' Set for 2021 For $134,000+ , url=https://www.techtimes.com/articles/252768/20200922/tesla-model-s-plaid-spaceballs-inspired-ludicrous-speed-0-60.htm , access-date=2020-10-07 , website=Tech Times , language=en
{{Cite magazine , last=James Poniewozik , author-link=James Poniewozik , date=March 4, 2013 , title=Charged Debate , magazine=Time , url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2136866,00.html , url-status=dead , access-date=February 22, 2013 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130221195827/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2136866,00.html , archive-date=February 21, 2013
{{Cite web , date=February 4, 2014 , title=Suspension , url=http://willmartin.com/suspension/ , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625121424/http://willmartin.com/suspension/ , archive-date=June 25, 2016 , access-date=June 5, 2016 , quote=The Lotus Elise has a kinematic roll center height of 30mm above the ground and a center of gravity height of 470mm. The Lotus Elise RCH is 6% the height of the CG, meaning 6% of lateral force is transferred through the suspension arms and 94% is transferred through the springs and dampers.
{{Cite news , last=Korosec , first=Kirsten , date=September 19, 2014 , title=Potholes and Tesla's Model S: Never the twain shall meet , work= Fortunes , url=http://fortune.com/2014/09/19/tesla-model-s-suspension-upgrade/ , access-date=March 21, 2015
{{Cite news , last=Ohnsman , first=Alan , date=February 14, 2014 , title=Tesla Investigating Cause of Fire in Toronto With Model S , work=Bloomberg News , url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-02-14/tesla-investigating-cause-of-toronto-garage-fire-with-model-s.html , access-date=February 16, 2014
{{Cite web , title=Riding shotgun in Tesla's fastest car ever , url=https://www.engadget.com/2014/10/09/tesla-d-awd-driver-assist/ , access-date=October 10, 2014 , website=Engadget
{{Cite web , last=Crowe , first=Philippe , date=December 9, 2014 , title=Tesla Officially Open For Business in Australia , url=http://www.hybridcars.com/tesla-officially-open-for-business-in-australia/ , access-date=December 9, 2014 , publisher=HybridCars.com
{{Cite web , last=Mark Rechtin , title=Tesla Model S P85D Breaks the Consumer Reports Ratings System , url=http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/cars/tesla-model-s-p85d-breaks-consumer-reports-ratings-system , website=Consumer Reports
{{Cite news , date=August 21, 2013 , title=Update: Tesla roof so strong it broke crush-test machine , work=USA Today , url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/cars/2013/08/20/tesla-model-s-crash-test/2678557/ , access-date=September 1, 2013
{{Cite news , last=Fowler , first=Steve , date=July 21, 2014 , title=Elon Musk: Tesla boss on EVs with 500-mile range and colonies on Mars , work=Auto Express , url=http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/tesla/87943/elon-musk-tesla-boss-on-evs-with-500-mile-range-and-colonies-on-mars , access-date=January 2, 2016
{{Cite web , date=May 20, 2010 , title=Tesla Wants NUMMI Operational By 2012 , url=http://www.ktvu.com/news/23625639/detail.html , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100523055832/http://www.ktvu.com/news/23625639/detail.html , archive-date=May 23, 2010 , access-date=November 27, 2010 , publisher=Ktvu.com
{{Cite web , title=Tesla Model S finally gets a facelift , url=https://www.autoblog.com/2016/04/12/tesla-model-s-finally-gets-a-facelift/ , access-date=May 19, 2019 , website=Autoblog , language=en
{{Cite web , title=Tesla Model S Dual 80 A Charger (second onboard 40 A Charger) , url=http://shop.teslamotors.com/collections/model-s-charging-adapters/products/2nd-onboard-charger , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161204113730/http://shop.teslamotors.com/collections/model-s-charging-adapters/products/2nd-onboard-charger , archive-date=December 4, 2016 , publisher=Tesla Motors
{{Cite news , date=December 21, 2014 , title=The top 10 cars that changed the world (and one that's about to) , work=The Daily Telegraph , url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/picturegalleries/11304059/The-top-10-cars-that-changed-the-world-and-one-thats-about-to.html , access-date=December 29, 2014
{{Cite web , title=Tesla Eliminates Leather Seating Options On Model S And Model X , url=https://insideevs.com/news/334178/tesla-eliminates-leather-seating-options-on-model-s-and-model-x/ , access-date=2020-08-24 , website=InsideEVs , language=en

{{Cite web , date=August 27, 2015 , title=Longest Trip In A Production Electric Car: Tesla Model S P85D breaks Guinness World Records record , url=http://www.worldrecordacademy.com/transport/longest_trip_in_a_production_electric_car_Tesla_Model_S_P85D_breaks_Guinness_World_Records_record_215435.html , access-date=June 22, 2016 , website=World Record Academy
{{Cite web , last=Eisenstein , first=Paul A. , date=July 17, 2015 , title=When 'Insane Mode' Isn't Enough – Tesla Adds "Luuudicrous Mode" , url=http://www.thedetroitbureau.com/2015/07/when-insane-mode-isnt-enough-tesla-adds-luuudicrous-mode/ , publisher=The Detroit Bureau
{{Cite news , last=Snyder , first=John Beltz , date=June 24, 2014 , title=AAA says Tesla Model S is the best green car available , work=Auto Blog , url=http://www.autoblog.com/2014/06/24/aaa-says-tesla-model-s-is-the-best-green-car-available/ , access-date=May 12, 2015
{{Cite web , title=Audi A3 Sportback e-tron (2017) , url=https://www.netcarshow.com/audi/2017-a3_sportback_e-tron/ , access-date=September 17, 2016
{{Cite news , last=Cheryl Jensen , date=August 21, 2013 , title=How Does Tesla's 5-Star Safety Rating Inform Overall Vehicle Safety? , work=The New York Times , url=http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/08/21/how-does-teslas-5-star-safety-rating-inform-overall-vehicle-safety/?_r=1 , access-date=September 1, 2013
{{Cite news , last1=Kilgore , first1=Tomi , last2=Assis , first2=Claudia , date=July 6, 2017 , title=Tesla no longer biggest U.S. car company by market cap as stock plunges briefly into bear-market territory , language=en-US , work=MarketWatch , url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/tesla-no-longer-biggest-us-car-company-by-market-cap-as-stock-plunges-after-safety-distinction-eludes-model-s-2017-07-06 , access-date=July 6, 2017
{{Cite web , date=March 19, 2015 , title=Where can Tesla sell cars? , url=http://www.mojomotors.com/blog/where-can-tesla-sell-cars/ , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708214748/http://www.mojomotors.com/blog/where-can-tesla-sell-cars/ , archive-date=July 8, 2015 , access-date=July 7, 2015 , publisher= Mojo Motors, Inc.

{{Cite news , last= , date=June 23, 2015 , title=Tesla Model S one billion miles , work= Western Morning News , url=http://www.westernmorningnews.co.uk/Tesla-Model-S-billion-miles/story-26750842-detail/story.html , url-status=dead , access-date=June 23, 2015 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624072206/http://www.westernmorningnews.co.uk/Tesla-Model-S-billion-miles/story-26750842-detail/story.html , archive-date=June 24, 2015
{{Cite news , last=Korosec , first=Kirsten , date=April 12, 2016 , title=Tesla's Model S Will Look Different Starting Today , work=Fortune , url=http://fortune.com/2016/04/12/tesla-model-s-new-design/ , access-date=May 9, 2016
{{Cite web , last=Etherington , first=Darrell , date=September 22, 2020 , title=Future Teslas will have batteries that double as structure, making them extra stiff while improving efficiency, safety and cost , url=https://social.techcrunch.com/2020/09/22/future-teslas-will-have-batteries-that-double-as-structure-making-them-extra-stiff-while-improving-efficiency-safety-and-cost/ , access-date=2021-07-17 , website=TechCrunch , language=en-US
{{Cite news , last=White , first=Joseph B. , date=October 10, 2014 , title=Tesla Aims to Leapfrog Rivals , work=The Wall Street Journal , url=https://online.wsj.com/articles/tesla-aims-to-leapfrog-rivals-1412980889 , access-date=March 21, 2015
{{Cite book , url=http://www.teslamotors.com/sites/default/files/downloads/en_EU/emergency_response_guide.pdf#page=20 , title=2012–2013 Model S Emergency Response Guide , date=2013 , publisher=Tesla Motors , page=18 , quote=If the high voltage battery becomes involved in fire or is bent, twisted, damaged, or breached in any way, or if you suspect that the battery is heating, use large amounts of water to cool the battery. DO NOT extinguish fire with a small amount of water. Always establish or request an additional water supply. , access-date=October 23, 2014
{{Cite web , last=Sorokanich , first=Bob , date=February 21, 2017 , title=World's First Tesla Model S P100D Dyno Run: 920 Lb-Ft of Torque at the Wheels , url=https://www.roadandtrack.com/car-culture/videos/a32690/tesla-model-s-p100d-dyno-horsepower-torque/ , website=Road & Track
{{Cite web , title=Model S Specifications , url=https://www.teslamotors.com/support/model-s-specifications , access-date=December 5, 2015 , publisher=Tesla Motors
{{Cite news , last=Cobb , first=Jeff , date=December 15, 2015 , title=Tesla Model S Crossed 100,000 Sales Milestone This Month , publisher=HybridCars.com , url=http://www.hybridcars.com/tesla-model-s-crossed-100000-sales-milestone-this-month/ , access-date=December 16, 2015
{{Cite news , last=Cobb , first=Jeff , date=December 5, 2016 , title=Tesla Model S Is Second Plug-in Car To Cross 150,000 Sales Milestone , work=HybridCars.com , url=http://www.hybridcars.com/tesla-model-s-is-second-plug-in-car-to-cross-150000-sales-milestone/ , access-date=December 5, 2016
{{Cite news , last=Cobb , first=Jeff , date=January 22, 2018 , title=Tesla Quietly Sold 200,000th Model S Last Year , work=HybridCars.com , url=http://www.hybridcars.com/tesla-quietly-sold-200000th-model-s-last-year/ , access-date=January 23, 2018 "Tesla sold its 200,000 Model S in the fourth quarter of 2017, in October or early November, becoming the second plug-in car to cross this sales threshold after the Nissan Leaf (300,000 units by early 2017). {{As of, 2017, 12, Tesla reported global sales of 212,874 Model S cars."
{{Cite web , date=August 5, 2015 , title=Tesla Motors – Second Quarter 2015 Shareholder Letter , url=http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-4CW8X0/380261427x0x843991/DCDCCFDA-0709-405B-931A-B2F48A224CE8/Tesla_Q2_2015_Shareholder_Letter.pdf , access-date=August 5, 2015 , publisher= Tesla Motors ''A total of 11,532 units were delivered globally during the second quarter of 2015. The Model S was the best-selling electric vehicle in the U.S for the first half of 2015.''

{{Cite web , last=Christopher Jensen , date=October 2, 2013 , title=Tesla Says Car Fire Started in Battery , url=http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/10/02/highway-fire-of-tesla-model-s-included-its-lithium-battery/?ref=automobiles&_r=0 , access-date=October 5, 2013 , newspaper=The New York Times
{{Cite news , last=Steven Russolillo , date=October 4, 2013 , title=Musk Explains Why Tesla Model S Caught on Fire , work=The Wall Street Journal , url=https://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2013/10/04/elon-musk-explains-how-model-s-caught-on-fire/ , access-date=October 5, 2013
{{Cite web , date=2020-02-19 , title=What Is the Tesla Raven Powertrain? , url=https://www.motortrend.com/news/tesla-raven-powertrain/ , access-date=2020-04-14 , website=MotorTrend , language=en
{{Cite web , last=MacKenzie , first=Angus , date=January 1, 2013 , title=2013 Motor Trend Car of the Year: Tesla Model S , url=http://www.motortrend.com/oftheyear/car/1301_2013_motor_trend_car_of_the_year_tesla_model_s/ , access-date=November 12, 2012 , website=Motor Trend
{{Cite news , last=Smith , first=John , date=January 27, 2016 , title=First hybrid taxi arrives in Gibraltar , work=EuroWeekly News , url=https://www.euroweeklynews.com/news/on-euro-weekly-news/gibraltar-news/136634-first-hybrid-taxi-arrives-in-gibraltar , access-date=August 4, 2018

{{Cite web , title=Should you go with a 48 amp or a 72 amp Charger for your next Tesla? , url=https://insideevs.com/news/330194/should-you-go-with-a-48-amp-or-a-72-amp-charger-for-your-next-tesla/ , access-date=2020-03-31 , website=InsideEVs , language=en
{{Cite news , last=Boudreau , first=John , date=June 22, 2012 , title=In a Silicon Valley milestone, Tesla Motors begins delivering Model S electric cars , work= San Jose Mercury News , url=http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_20919722/silicon-valley-milestone-tesla-motors-begins-delivering-model?refresh=no , access-date=June 22, 2012
{{Cite news , last=Markus , first=Frank , date=February 7, 2017 , title=2017 Tesla Model S P100D First Test: A New Record – 0–60 MPH in 2.28 Seconds! , work=Motor Trend , url=http://www.motortrend.com/cars/tesla/model-s/2017/2017-tesla-model-s-p100d-first-test-review/ , access-date=December 2, 2017
{{Cite web , last=Christian Seabaugh , date=October 28, 2015 , title=2015 Tesla Model S P90D w/Ludicrous Upgrade First Test , url=http://beta.motortrend.com/news/2015-tesla-model-s-p90d-ludicrous-upgrade-first-test-review/ , magazine=Motor Trend
{{Cite press release , title=World Record Father-Son Drive , date=December 13, 2012 , publisher=Tesla Motors , url=http://www.teslamotors.com/customers/story-david-adam-metcalf , last1=Metcalf , first1=David , last2=Metcalf , first2=Adam , access-date=June 22, 2016
{{Cite web , last=Capparella , first=Joey , date=2019-01-10 , title=Tesla Is Getting Rid of the Base 75D Model S and Model X , url=https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a25844349/tesla-model-s-75d-battery , access-date=2020-10-17 , website=Car and Driver , language=en-US
{{Cite web , title=Model S Design Studio , url=http://my.teslamotors.com/models/design , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705065210/http://my.teslamotors.com/models/design , archive-date=July 5, 2015 , access-date=July 7, 2015 , website=my.teslamotors.com , publisher=Tesla Motors
{{Cite web , title=Tesla CHAdeMO Adapter , url=https://shop.teslamotors.com/products/chademo-adapter , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407233600/https://shop.teslamotors.com/products/chademo-adapter , archive-date=April 7, 2017
{{Cite tweet , author=Elon Musk , author-link=Elon Musk , user=elonmusk , number=754769913814941696 , title=Promising call today with @BoschGlobal, maker of our radar sensor. Looks like significant improvements possible via OTA software update.
{{Cite web , title=2013 Tesla Model S Long-Term Wrap-Up {{! Edmunds.com , url=http://www.edmunds.com/tesla/model-s/2013/long-term-road-test/wrap-up.html , access-date=April 5, 2016 , website=Edmunds
{{Cite news , last=Cobb , first=Jeff , date=February 25, 2014 , title=Consumer Reports: Tesla Model S 'Best Overall' 2014 Top Pick , publisher=HybridCars.com , url=http://www.hybridcars.com/consumer-reports-names-model-s-best-overall-in-2014-top-pick-list/ , access-date=February 26, 2014
{{Cite web , last=Richard , first=Michael Graham , date=June 30, 2008 , title=Tesla's Next Electric Car to be Called "Model S", New Factory to Open in North California , url=http://www.treehugger.com/cars/teslas-next-electric-car-to-be-called-model-s-new-factory-to-open-in-north-california.html , access-date=May 6, 2012 , publisher=TreeHugger.com
{{Cite news , date=February 1, 2017 , title=Two electric cars miss IIHS awards , work=IIHS , url=http://www.iihs.org/iihs/news/desktopnews/near-miss-two-all-electric-cars-fall-short-of-earning-an-iihs-safety-award , access-date=July 7, 2017

{{Cite web , date=January 2014 , title=Bilsalget i desember og hele 2013 , trans-title=Car sales in December and during 2013 , url=http://ofvas.no/bilsalget/bilsalget_2013/bilsalget_i_desember/ , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104231425/http://ofvas.no/bilsalget/bilsalget_2013/bilsalget_i_desember/ , archive-date=January 4, 2014 , access-date=July 31, 2014 , publisher=Opplysningsrådet for Veitrafikken AS (OFV, Norwegian Road Federation) , language=no
{{Cite web , last=Gasnier , first=Mat , date=October 2, 2013 , title=Norway September 2013: Tesla Model S in pole position! , url=http://bestsellingcarsblog.com/2013/10/02/norway-september-2013-tesla-model-s-in-pole-position/ , access-date=October 2, 2013 , publisher=Best Selling Cars Blog
{{Cite web , last=Voelcker , first=John , date=October 1, 2013 , title=Tesla Model S Was Best-Selling Car in Norway For September , url=http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1087346_tesla-model-s-was-best-selling-car-in-norway-for-september , access-date=October 2, 2013 , publisher=Green Car Reports
{{Cite web , last=Kane , first=Mark , date=January 4, 2014 , title=Tesla Model S Again No. 1 in Overall Sales in Norway in December! , url=http://insideevs.com/tesla-model-s-again-1-in-overall-sales-in-norway-in-december/ , access-date=January 4, 2014 , publisher=InsideEVs.com
{{Cite web , last=Sebastian Blanco , date=February 18, 2013 , title=Tesla Model S road trip drivers find success along NYT's failed drive route /video, url=http://green.autoblog.com/2013/02/18/tesla-model-s-road-trip-drivers-have-no-problem-video/ , access-date=February 20, 2013 , publisher=Autoblog Green
{{Cite web , last=Phillipe Crowe , date=October 4, 2013 , title=Tesla Model S Catches Fire , url=http://www.hybridcars.com/tesla-model-s-fire/ , access-date=October 5, 2013 , publisher=HybridCars.com
{{Cite web , last=Eric Loveday , date=November 19, 2013 , title=NHTSA Opens Formal Investigation into 13,108 Model Year 2013 Tesla Model S Sedans Sold in US (Update) , url=http://insideevs.com/nhtsa-opens-formal-investigation-into-13108-2013-tesla-model-s-sedans-sold-in-us/ , access-date=November 24, 2013 , publisher=InsideEVs.com
{{Cite web , last=Voelcker , first=John , date=October 3, 2013 , title=First Tesla Model S Fire Caused By Collision With Road Debris , url=http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1087393_first-tesla-model-s-fire-caused-by-collision-with-road-debris , access-date=October 23, 2014 , publisher=Green Car Reports
{{Cite news , date=September 12, 2014 , title=Tesla S im Nachtest 258 km Reichweite bei 120 km/h und 13 Grad , trans-title=Tesla S at posttest reaches 258 km at 120 km / h, 13 degrees , work=Auto motor und Sport , url=http://www.auto-motor-und-sport.de/news/tesla-s-im-nachtest-258-km-reichweite-bei-120-km-h-und-13-grad-8612751.html , access-date=November 12, 2014
{{Cite web , last=Nolan , first=David , date=November 25, 2013 , title=Life With Tesla Model S: Even After Update, Vampire Draw Remains , url=http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1088648_life-with-tesla-model-s-even-after-update-vampire-draw-remains , access-date=November 25, 2013 , website=Green Car Reports
{{Cite web , last=Voelcker , first=John , date=November 19, 2013 , title=Tesla Fires: NHTSA Will Probe, Warranty To Cover Fire Damage, Ride-Height Tweak , url=http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1088588_tesla-fires-nhtsa-will-probe-warranty-to-cover-fire-damage-ride-height-tweak , access-date=November 24, 2013 , publisher=Green Car Reports
{{Cite news , last=Andersen , first=Ina , date=August 26, 2015 , title=Norske Bjørn kjørte 728 kilometer i en Tesla – på én lading , language=no , trans-title=Norwegian Bjorn ran 728 kilometers in a Tesla – on a single charge , work=Teknisk Ukeblad , url=http://www.tu.no/industri/2015/08/26/norske-bjorn-kjorte-728-kilometer-i-en-tesla--pa-en-lading , access-date=June 22, 2016
{{Cite news , last=Garthwaite , first=Josie , date=May 6, 2011 , title=Tesla Prepares for a Gap as Roadster Winds Down , work=The New York Times , url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/08/automobiles/08TESLA.html?_r=1&emc=eta1 , access-date=May 7, 2011
{{Cite news , last=Garthaite , first=Josie , date=June 23, 2012 , title=Leaving Baggage on the Dock, a Flagship Departs From California , work=The New York Times , url=http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/23/tesla-motors-launches-model-s-in-california/?ref=automobiles , access-date=June 24, 2012
{{Cite news , last=Bill Vlasic and Jaclyn Trop , date=November 19, 2013 , title=After 3 Fires, Safety Agency Opens Inquiry into Tesla Model S , work=The New York Times , url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/20/business/us-safety-agency-opens-inquiry-into-tesla-fires.html?ref=automobiles&_r=0 , access-date=November 24, 2013
{{Cite news , last=Trop , first=Jaclyn , date=November 7, 2013 , title=Another Fire Raises Questions for Tesla , work=The New York Times , url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/08/business/another-fire-raises-questions-for-tesla.html?ref=automobiles&_r=1& , access-date=November 10, 2013
{{Cite news , last=Motavalli , first=Jim , date=December 21, 2012 , title=Tesla Begins East Coast Fast-Charging Corridor , work=The New York Times , url=http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/21/tesla-begins-east-cost-fast-charging-corridor/?ref=automobiles , access-date=December 23, 2012
{{Cite news , last=Berman , first=Bradley , date=September 28, 2012 , title=One Big Step for Tesla, One Giant Leap for E.V.'s , work=The New York Times , url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/30/automobiles/autoreviews/one-big-step-for-tesla-one-giant-leap-for-evs.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1&ref=automobiles , access-date=September 29, 2012
{{Cite news , last=Danielle Ivory , date=March 28, 2014 , title=Federal Safety Agency Ends Its Investigation of Tesla Fires , work=The New York Times , url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/29/business/safety-agency-ends-investigation-of-tesla-fires.html?ref=automobiles&_r=0 , access-date=March 31, 2014
{{Cite web , date=January 2015 , title=Bilsalget i 2014 , trans-title=Car sales in 2014 , url=http://www.ofvas.no/bilsalget-i-2014/category648.html , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160930205528/http://www.ofvas.no/bilsalget-i-2014/category648.html , archive-date=September 30, 2016 , access-date=February 12, 2015 , publisher=Opplysningsrådet for Veitrafikken AS (OFV, Norwegian Road Federation) , language=no ''Click on "Modellfordelt" to display the top 20 selling new cars in Norway: A total of 4,040 Model S cars were sold in 2014, representing a 2.8% market share of new car sales in the country.''
{{Cite web , date=January 2016 , title=Bilsalget i desember , trans-title=Car sales in December , url=http://www.ofvas.no/bilsalget-i-desember/category677.html , access-date=February 3, 2016 , publisher=Opplysningsrådet for Veitrafikken AS (OFV, Norwegian Road Federation) , language=no ''A total of 4,039 new Model S cars were registered in Norway in 2015.''
{{Cite web , publisher=Norwegian Road Federation (OFV) , date=January 2017 , title=Bilsalget i 2016 , trans-title=Car sales in 2016 , url=http://www.ofvas.no/bilsalget-i-2016/category706.html , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118041821/http://www.ofvas.no/aktuelt-1/bilsalget-i-2016-article652-385.html , archive-date=January 18, 2017 , access-date=January 25, 2017 , language=no ''Tesla Model S registrations in Norway totaled 2,051 new units in 2016''.
{{Cite web , publisher=Opplysningsrådet for Veitrafikken AS (OFV) , title=Bilsalget i 2017 , trans-title=Car sales in 2017 , url=http://www.ofvas.no/bilsalget-i-2017/category751.html , access-date=January 23, 2018 , language=no
{{Cite web , publisher=Norwegian Road Federation (OFV) , date=January 2, 2019 , title=Bilsalget i 2018 , trans-title=Car sales in 2018 , url=http://www.ofvas.no/bilsalget-i-2018/bilsalget-i-2018-article866-788.html , access-date=January 9, 2019 , via=OFV , language=no
The Tesla Model S P85D Is So Good It Broke the Consumer Reports Test
PopMech
{{Cite news , last=Lopez , first=Linette , date=February 13, 2014 , title=Another Tesla Caught on Fire While Sitting in a Toronto Garage This Month , work=Business Insider , url=http://www.businessinsider.com/february-1st-toronto-tesla-fire-2014-2 , access-date=February 16, 2014
{{Cite AV media , url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6hmdmYRYt9A , title=Tesla Model S Fastest Lap at Laguna Seca , date=September 12, 2019 , last=Tesla, Inc. , author-link=Tesla, Inc. , archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/6hmdmYRYt9A , archive-date=2021-12-21 , url-status=live , quote=We lapped Laguna Seca in 1:36.555 during advanced R&D testing of our Model S Plaid powertrain and chassis prototype – a second faster than the record for a four-door sedan. , via=Youtube{{cbignore
{{Cite web , date=February 22, 2017 , title=Request for issuance of a new certificate of Conformity , url=https://iaspub.epa.gov/otaqpub/display_file.jsp?docid=39834&flag=1 , page=36
{{Cite news , last=Lambert , first=Fred , date=August 24, 2016 , title=Tesla's new Model S P100D is not only quick, it's the first all-electric car with over 300 miles of range , work=Eleckrek , url=https://electrek.co/2016/08/24/tesla-model-s-p100d-first-all-electric-car-over-300-miles-range/ , access-date=September 8, 2016
{{Cite web , last1=Cunningham , first1=Wayne , last2=Goodwin , first2=Antuan , date=December 19, 2012 , title=2012 Car Tech Awards: And the winner is... , url=http://reviews.cnet.com/8301-13746_7-57559913-48/2012-car-tech-awards-and-the-winner-is../ , access-date=December 24, 2012 , website=CNET
{{Cite web , last=Dow , first=Jameson , date=2020-02-15 , title=Tesla releases 'Long Range Plus' Model S/X with 390/351 mile range, new wheels , url=https://electrek.co/2020/02/14/tesla-releases-long-range-plus-model-s-x-with-390-351-mile-range-new-wheels/ , access-date=2020-09-13 , website=Electrek , language=en-US
{{Cite web , date=March 2017 , title=BEV Overview table – Italy , url=http://www.eafo.eu/vehicle-statistics/m1 , access-date=March 10, 2017 , publisher=European Alternative Fuels Observatory ''Filter by country Italy.''
{{Cite web , date=February 4, 2017 , title=Tesla Model S & Nissan LEAF Clocked As World's Best-Selling Electric Cars In 2016 , url=https://cleantechnica.com/2017/02/04/tesla-model-s-clocked-as-worlds-best-selling-electric-car-in-2016/ , access-date=November 27, 2018
{{Cite web , last=Perlo , first=Pietro , date=May 27, 2018 , title=Optimised and Systematic Energy Management in Electric Vehicles , url=https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/documents/downloadPublic?documentIds=080166e5bafe227c&appId=PPGMS , publisher=European Union , pages=9, 11, 21, 23
{{Cite web , title=Tesla D is, as expected, an AWD Model S but new autopilot features surprise , url=http://green.autoblog.com/2014/10/09/tesla-d-awd-model-s-new-autopilot-surprise/ , access-date=October 10, 2014 , website=AutoblogGreen
{{Cite web , last=Lambert , first=Fred , date=January 17, 2017 , title=Tesla to start replacing passenger airbags in all 2012 Model S sedans due to industry-wide Takata recall , url=https://electrek.co/2017/01/17/tesla-takata-airbags-2012-model-s-recall/ , access-date=January 17, 2017 , website=Electrek
{{Cite news , date=March 27, 2009 , title=Tesla debuts electric car for the masses , publisher=CBC News , url=http://www.cbc.ca/technology/story/2009/03/27/tesla.html , access-date=March 28, 2009
{{Cite news , last=Jerry Hirsch , date=August 20, 2013 , title=Upstart Tesla wins top U.S. safety rating; what will competitors do? , work=Los Angeles Times , url=https://www.latimes.com/business/autos/la-fi-hy-tesla-nhtsa-safety-rating-20130820,0,2050024.story , access-date=September 1, 2013
{{Cite web , last=Elvia Thompson , date=February 18, 2013 , title=Tesla Model S Road Trip: Electric Cars Make It From DC To CT , url=http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1082401_tesla-model-s-road-trip-electric-cars-make-it-from-dc-to-ct , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512231408/http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1082401_tesla-model-s-road-trip-electric-cars-make-it-from-dc-to-ct , archive-date=May 12, 2014 , access-date=February 20, 2013 , publisher=Green Car Reports

{{Cite news , last=Lambert , first=Fred , date=March 17, 2016 , title=Tesla will update the Model S software for safer charging following a Supercharger fire , work=Electrek , url=http://electrek.co/2016/03/17/tesla-supercharger-fire-update-software-short-circuit/ , access-date=March 18, 2016
{{Cite web , date=January 24, 2014 , title=Verkoopstatistieken – Meer marktinformatie , trans-title=Sales Statistics – More Market Information , url=http://www.raivereniging.nl/artikel/marktinformatie/actuele-verkoopcijfers/verkoopstatistieken.html , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625223703/http://raivereniging.nl/artikel/marktinformatie/actuele-verkoopcijfers/verkoopstatistieken.html , archive-date=June 25, 2014 , access-date=June 8, 2014 , publisher=RAI Vereniging , language=nl ''Download pdf file for detailed sales in 2013 ("Download nieuwverkoop personenautos 201312")''.
{{Cite web , date=January 27, 2015 , title=Verkoopstatistieken , trans-title=Sales Statistics , url=http://www.bovag.nl/data/sitemanagement/media/20150702%20personenautoverkopen%20juni%202015.pdf , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709185239/http://www.bovag.nl/data/sitemanagement/media/20150702%20personenautoverkopen%20juni%202015.pdf , archive-date=July 9, 2015 , access-date=January 31, 2015 , publisher=RAI Vereniging , language=nl ''Download the pdf file for detailed sales by model during 2014:
nieuwverkoop personenautos 201412
{{webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201001911/http://www.raivereniging.nl/ecm/?id=workspace%3A%2F%2FSpacesStore%2F84628a3c-cc08-4752-81ca-2e6c5e657ba2, date=2015-02-01".''
{{Cite web , date=January 2016 , title=Nieuwverkoop Personenautos Per Merk/Model , trans-title=New passenger cars sales by brand/model , url=https://www.raivereniging.nl/ecm/?id=workspace://SpacesStore/c2bc95ca-5410-45c3-a082-0af4f85d0d03;1.0 , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306025108/https://www.raivereniging.nl/ecm/?id=workspace%3A%2F%2FSpacesStore%2Fc2bc95ca-5410-45c3-a082-0af4f85d0d03%3B1.0 , archive-date=March 6, 2016 , access-date=February 28, 2016 , publisher=RAI Vereniging , language=nl ''A total of 1,805 Model S cars were sold in the Netherlands in 2015".''
{{Cite web , date=January 2017 , title=RAI BOVAG Persbericht Verkopen Personenauto's , trans-title=RAI BOVAG Press Release car sales , url=https://bovag.nl/BovagWebsite/media/BovagMediaFiles/Cijfers/2016/RAIBOVAG_Verkoopstatistiek-2016.pdf?ext=.pdf , access-date=March 8, 2017 , publisher=RAI Vereniging , language=nl ''A total of 1,693 Model S cars were sold in the Netherlands in 2016."''
{{Cite web , date=January 22, 2018 , title=Maandelijkse verkoopcijfers , trans-title=Monthly sales figures , url=https://raivereniging.nl/artikel/marktinformatie/actuele-verkoopcijfers/maandelijkse-verkoopcijfers.html , access-date=January 28, 2018 , publisher=RAI Vereniging , language=nl ''Download the XLS file "Personenauto's maandrapportage nieuwverkopen 2017" – A total of 2,051 Model S cars were sold in the Netherlands in 2017."''
{{Cite web , publisher=RAI Vereniging , date=January 7, 2019 , title=Maandelijkse verkoopcijfers , trans-title=Monthly sales figures , url=https://raivereniging.nl/artikel/marktinformatie/actuele-verkoopcijfers/maandelijkse-verkoopcijfers.html , access-date=January 14, 2019 , language=nl ''Download the XLS file "Personenauto's maandrapportage nieuwverkopen 2018" – A total of 1,613 i3 cars were sold in the Netherlands in 2018."''
{{Cite web , last=Monticello , first=Mike , date=October 23, 2008 , title=Tesla Builds a 4-Door – New and Future Cars , url=http://www.roadandtrack.com/future-cars/tesla-builds-a-4-door , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100604025652/http://www.roadandtrack.com/future-cars/tesla-builds-a-4-door , archive-date=June 4, 2010 , access-date=May 4, 2011 , publisher= Road & Track (Hachette Filipacchi Media, U.S., Inc.)
{{Cite web , last=Voelcker , first=John , date=December 7, 2012 , title=Tesla Model S 60-kWh Version: EPA Range Rated At 208 Miles , url=http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1080960_tesla-model-s-60-kwh-version-epa-range-rated-at-208-miles , access-date=December 7, 2012 , publisher=Green Car Reports
{{Cite news , last=Margaret Sullivan , date=February 18, 2013 , title=Problems With Precision and Judgment, but Not Integrity, in Tesla Test , work=The New York Times , url=http://publiceditor.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/02/18/problems-with-precision-and-judgment-but-not-integrity-in-tesla-test/ , access-date=February 20, 2013
{{US patent reference, number=8286743, issue-date=2012-10-16, inventor=Rawlinson, Peter Dore, title=Vehicle Battery Pack Ballistic Shield
{{Cite web , last=Shahan , first=Zachary , date=September 23, 2015 , title=JB Straubel Answers (Trolls?) Tesla Horsepower Critics , url=https://cleantechnica.com/2015/09/23/jb-straubel-burns-trolls-tesla-horsepower-critics/ , publisher=Clean Technica
{{Cite web , last=Mark Kane , date=December 24, 2015 , title=Tesla Model S Now on Sale in Mexico , url=http://insideevs.com/tesla-model-s-now-sale-mexico/ , access-date=December 24, 2015 , publisher=InsideEVs.com ''See more details in video (in Spanish)''.
{{Cite news , date=November 20, 2015 , title=Tesla Recalling All Model S Sedans to Check for Seat Belt Defect , work=NBC News , url=https://www.nbcnews.com/business/autos/tesla-recalling-all-model-s-sedans-check-seat-belt-defect-n467171 , access-date=November 21, 2015
{{Cite web , last=Roper , first=L. David , title=Tesla Model S Data , url=http://www.roperld.com/science/TeslaModelS.htm , access-date=April 5, 2015
{{Cite news , last=Yvkoff , first=Liane , date=January 11, 2017 , title=Tesla May Reduce Vehicle Power After Too Many Ludicrous Mode Engagements , language=en-US , work=The Drive , url=http://www.thedrive.com/news/6910/tesla-may-reduce-vehicle-power-after-too-many-ludicrous-mode-engagements , access-date=July 13, 2017
{{Cite news , date=January 19, 2017 , title=PE 16-007. MY2014-2016 Tesla Model S and Model X , publisher=NHTSA , url=https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/inv/2016/INCLA-PE16007-7876.PDF , access-date=June 7, 2017
{{Cite web , title=Model S – Tesla Motors , url=http://www.teslamotors.com/models , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150311143217/http://www.teslamotors.com/models , archive-date=March 11, 2015 , publisher=teslamotors.com
{{Cite web , title=Model S – Tesla Motors , url=http://www.teslamotors.com/models , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102121720/http://www.teslamotors.com/models , archive-date=November 2, 2015 , publisher=teslamotors.com
{{Cite web , first=Chevrolet Bolt EV Nissan , title=Report: Tesla's Design Is Light Years Ahead of BMW, GM, And Nissan Because Of "Ground-Up" Design , url=https://insideevs.com/news/335796/report-teslas-design-is-light-years-ahead-of-bmw-gm-and-nissan-because-of-ground-up-design/ , author=Evannex , access-date=2020-08-24 , website=InsideEVs , language=en
{{Cite web , last=Yoney , first=Domenick , date=February 20, 2013 , title=Tesla delivered 2,650 Model S EVs last year, Musk confident of profit in Q1 and beyond , url=http://green.autoblog.com/2013/02/20/tesla-delivered-2-650-model-s-evs-last-year-musk-confident-of-p/ , access-date=March 10, 2013 , website=Autoblog Green
{{Cite news , last=Cobb , first=Jeff , date=January 6, 2014 , title=December 2013 Dashboard , work=HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates , url=http://www.hybridcars.com/december-2013-dashboard/ , access-date=July 6, 2015 ''An estimated 18,650 Model S sedans were sold in the U.S. in 2013, and about 2,620 in 2012. See section "December 2013 Plug-in Electric Car Sales Numbers" ''
{{Cite news , last=Cobb , first=Jeff , date=January 4, 2018 , title=December 2017 Dashboard , work=HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates , url=http://www.hybridcars.com/december-2017-dashboard/ , access-date=January 23, 2018
{{Cite web , last=Klippenstein , first=Matthew , date=January 2018 , title=Canadian Plug-in Electric Vehicle Sales , url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1dLFJwZVdvNLRpmZqPznlzz6PB9eHMe5b-bai_ddRsNg/edit#gid=25 , access-date=January 31, 2018 , publisher=Green Car Reports''Tesla Model S sales figures from IHS data.''
{{Cite web , date=January 2017 , title=Chiffres de vente & immatriculations de voitures électriques en France , trans-title=Sales figures & electric car registrations in France , url=http://www.automobile-propre.com/dossiers/voitures-electriques/chiffres-vente-immatriculations-france/ , access-date=March 10, 2017 , publisher=Automobile Propre , language=fr ''See "Ventes de voitures électriques" in 2016, 2015, 2014 and 2013. It shows all-electric car registrations between 2010 and 2016. A total of 785 Model S cars were registered in 2016, 708 in 2015 and 328 in 2014.''
{{Cite web , date=January 2015 , title=Neuzulassungen von Personenkraftwagen nach Segmenten und Modellreihen im Dezember 2014 , trans-title=New registrations of passenger cars by segments and models in December 2014 , url=https://www.kba.de/DE/Presse/Presseportal/N_Segmente_Modellreihen_FZ11/N_Segmente2014/n_seg_12_14_pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2 , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205045459/http://www.kba.de/DE/Presse/Presseportal/N_Segmente_Modellreihen_FZ11/N_Segmente2014/n_seg_12_14_pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2 , archive-date=February 5, 2015 , access-date=February 8, 2015 , publisher=Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt (KBA) , language=de ''A total of 815 units were registered in Germany in 2014.''
{{Cite web , date=January 2016 , title=Neuzulassungen von Personenkraftwagen nach Segmenten und Modellreihen im Dezember 2015 , trans-title=New registrations of passenger cars by segments and models in December 2015 , url=https://www.kba.de/SharedDocs/Publikationen/DE/Statistik/Fahrzeuge/FZ/2015_monatlich/FZ11/fz11_2015_12_pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2 , access-date=January 18, 2016 , publisher=Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt (KBA) , language=de ''A total of 1,582 Model S cars were registered in Germany in 2015.''
{{Cite web , date=January 2017 , title=Neuzulassungen von Personenkraftwagen im Dezember 2016 nach Segmenten und Modellreihen , trans-title=New registrations of passenger cars in December 2016 by segments and models , url=https://www.kba.de/SharedDocs/Publikationen/DE/Statistik/Fahrzeuge/FZ/2016_monatlich/FZ11/fz11_2016_12_pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2 , access-date=March 8, 2017 , publisher=Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt (KBA) , language=de ''A total of 1,474 Model S cars were registered in Germany in 2016.''
{{Cite web , last=Bekker , first=Henk , date=January 9, 2018 , title=2017 (Full Year) Germany: Best-Selling Electric Car Brands and Models , url=https://www.best-selling-cars.com/electric/2017-full-year-germany-best-selling-electric-car-brands-models/ , access-date=January 23, 2018 , publisher=best-selling-cars.com
{{Cite web , publisher=Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt (KBA) , date=January 2019 , title=Neuzulassungen von Personenkraftwagen nach Segmenten und Modellreihen im Dezember 2018 (FZ 11) (xlsx, 75 KB, Datei ist nicht barrierefrei) , trans-title=New registrations of passenger cars by segments and models in December 2018 , url=https://www.kba.de/DE/Statistik/Fahrzeuge/Neuzulassungen/MonatlicheNeuzulassungen/2018/201812_GV1monatlich/201812_node.html , access-date=January 14, 2019 , language=de ''Click on the link Neuzulassungen von Personenkraftwagen nach Marken und Modellreihen im Dezember 2018 (FZ 11) (xlsx, 75 KB, Datei ist nicht barrierefrei) to download the file with registrations figures by model.''
{{Cite news , last=Fehrenbacher , first=Katie , date=April 11, 2016 , title=Tesla Recalls 2,700 Model X Cars for Seat Problem , work=Fortune , url=http://fortune.com/2016/04/11/tesla-recalls-2700-model-x-cars-for-seat-problem/ , access-date=April 12, 2016
{{Cite web , date=October 1, 2013 , title=Norges mest solgte bil i september er en elbil , trans-title=Norway's best selling car in September is an electric vehicle , url=http://www.gronnbil.no/nyheter/norges-mest-solgte-bil-i-september-er-en-elbil-article352-239.html , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215426/http://www.gronnbil.no/nyheter/norges-mest-solgte-bil-i-september-er-en-elbil-article352-239.html , archive-date=October 4, 2013 , access-date=October 2, 2013 , publisher=Grønn bil , language=no
{{Cite web , title=Autoverkäufe nach Modellen – Modellstatistik , trans-title=Passenger cars by model – Statistics by model , url=http://www.auto-schweiz.ch/statistiken/autoverkaeufe-nach-modellen/ , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202205708/http://www.auto-schweiz.ch/statistiken/autoverkaeufe-nach-modellen/ , archive-date=February 2, 2014 , access-date=January 28, 2018 , publisher=Auto Schweiz Suisse , language=de ''Under "Modellstatistik Januar – Dezember 2017" download the xls file for 2017 sales, under "Modellstatistiken 2011–2016" download the xls file "ModellePW2016" for 2016 sales, click "2015 Statistik" to download the file "ModellePW2015" with sales by model for 2015, "2014 Statistik" to download the file "ModellePW2014" with sales by model for 2014, and "2013 Statistik" to download the file "ModellePW2013" with sales by model for 2013.''

{{Cite web , last=Biello , first=David , title=How Tesla Motors Builds One of the World's Safest Cars ideo, url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-tesla-motors-builds-the-safest-car-video/ , magazine=Scientific American
{{Cite web , last=Voelcker , first=John , date=June 21, 2013 , title=New York Auto Dealers Try To Make Registering Tesla Stores Illegal , url=http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1084963_new-york-auto-dealers-try-to-make-registering-tesla-cars-illegal-breaking , access-date=December 17, 2013 , website=Green Car Reports
{{Cite web , last=Kane , first=Mark , date=August 30, 2013 , title=First Six Tesla Supercharger Stations Up And Runing(sic) in Norway; ~ 120 kW of Power , url=http://insideevs.com/first-six-tesla-supercharger-stations-up-and-runing-in-norway-120-kw-of-power/ , access-date=September 1, 2013 , publisher=InsideEVs.com
{{Cite news , last=Rogowsky , first=Mark , date=June 21, 2013 , title=Tesla 90-Second Battery Swap Tech Coming This Year , work=Forbes , url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/markrogowsky/2013/06/21/tesla-90-second-battery-swap-tech-coming-this-year/ , access-date=June 22, 2013
{{Cite web , date=June 21, 2013 , title=Tesla Motors demonstrates battery swap in the Model S , url=http://www.greencarcongress.com/2013/06/model2-20130621.html , access-date=June 22, 2013 , website= Green Car Congress
{{Cite web , date=January 6, 2015 , title=Topplistan december 2014 (def) , trans-title=Highscore in December 2014 (definitely) , url=http://www.bilsweden.se/storage/cms/0f2c95d923ce477a9eefc3f0c2c75f8d/e38cecf0384a4f018cedf72a3f31238d/PDF/DBE4278ECFC62A71D46AA8FBB1057B3B5280917E/topplistandec14def.PDF?MediaArchive_ForceDownload=true&PropertyName=File1&ValueIndex=0 , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626125726/http://www.bilsweden.se/storage/cms/0f2c95d923ce477a9eefc3f0c2c75f8d/e38cecf0384a4f018cedf72a3f31238d/PDF/DBE4278ECFC62A71D46AA8FBB1057B3B5280917E/topplistandec14def.PDF?MediaArchive_ForceDownload=true&PropertyName=File1&ValueIndex=0 , archive-date=June 26, 2015 , access-date=April 13, 2015 , publisher=Bil Sweden , language=sv
{{Cite web , date=January 4, 2016 , title=Nyregistreringar december 2016 def , trans-title=New Registrations December 2015 (final) , url=http://www.bilsweden.se/statistik/arkiv-nyregistrering-per-manad-2015/nyregistreringar-december-2015-def , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415205046/http://www.bilsweden.se/statistik/arkiv-nyregistrering-per-manad-2015/nyregistreringar-december-2015-def , archive-date=April 15, 2016 , access-date=April 15, 2016 , publisher=Bil Sweden , language=sv ''Download the pdf file "Nyregistreringar december 2015 def" See table: Nyregistrerade miljöpersonbilar December 2015''
{{Cite web , date=January 4, 2017 , title=Nyregistrerade miljöbilar december 2016 (def) , trans-title=New Registrations Super Green car December 2016 (final) , url=http://www.bilsweden.se/statistik/nyregistreringar_per_manad_1/miljobilar/arkiv_miljobilar/nyregistrerade-miljobilar-2016/nyregistrerade-miljobilar-december-2016-(def) , access-date=March 10, 2017 , publisher=Bil Sweden , language=sv ''Download the file "Nyregistrerade miljöbilar december 2016 (def)".''
{{Cite web , date=January 8, 2018 , title=Definitiva nyregistreringar under 2017 , trans-title=Definitive new registrations in 2017 , url=http://www.bilsweden.se/statistik/nyregistreringar_per_manad_1/nyregistreringar-2017/definitiva-nyregistreringar-under-2017 , access-date=January 28, 2018 , publisher=Bil Sweden , language=sv ''Download the pdf file "PressRel1712_DEF.pdf" See table: "Nyregistrerade supermiljöbilar december 2017"''
{{Cite web , date=January 7, 2019 , title=Nyregistreringar december 2018 (def) , trans-title=Definitive new registrations December 2018 (final) , url=http://www.bilsweden.se/statistik/arkiv-nyregisteringar-per-manad/arkiv-nyregistrering-per-manad-2018/nyregistreringar-december-2018-(def) , access-date=January 20, 2018 , publisher=Bil Sweden , language=sv ''Download the pdf file "PressRel1812_DEF.pdf" See table: "Nyregistrerade laddbara personbilar december 2018"''
{{Cite web , title="It Is Literally Everything": Desperate, Vulnerable Elon-Musk-Believers Beg Neuralink For Disease Help – Finanz.dk , url=https://finanz.dk/it-is-literally-everything-desperate-vulnerable-elon-musk-believers-beg-neuralink-for-disease-help/ , access-date=2020-09-12 , language=en-US
{{Cite news , last=Gordon-Bloomfield , first=Nikki , date=May 6, 2015 , title=Tesla Motors Posts Q1 2015 Losses, Due to Strong Dollar, High Capital Expenditures. Hits 1,000 Car/Week Model S Production , work=Transport Evolved , url=https://transportevolved.com/2015/05/06/tesla-motors-posts-q1-2015-losses-due-to-strong-dollar-high-capital-expenditures-hits-1000-carweek-model-s-production/ , access-date=May 8, 2015
{{Cite news , last=Olsen , first=Stein Jarle , date=March 19, 2015 , title=Tesla Model S – Slik vil Tesla gjøre slutt på rekkeviddeangsten , language=no , trans-title=Tesla Model S – How will end the Tesla range anxiety , work=Teknisk Ukeblad , url=http://www.tu.no/industri/2015/03/19/slik-vil-tesla-gjore-slutt-pa-rekkeviddeangsten , access-date=April 6, 2015
{{Cite press release , title=Tesla Motors – Third Quarter 2015 Shareholder Letter , date=November 3, 2015 , publisher= Tesla Motors , location=Palo Alto, California , url=http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-4CW8X0/380261427x0x858516/F50A9FAF-BA73-4263-8E16-DE1FAC0BABDF/Q3_15_Shareholder_Letter.pdf , access-date=November 3, 2015 ''Tesla global electric car sales totaled 11,603 units during the third quarter of 2015, including six Model X units.''
{{Cite web , date=April 3, 2018 , title=Tesla Q1 2018 Vehicle Production and Deliveries , url=http://ir.tesla.com/news-releases/news-release-details/tesla-q1-2018-vehicle-production-and-deliveries?ReleaseID=1062670 , access-date=September 2, 2018 , publisher=Tesla , location= Palo Alto
{{Cite news , last=Hirsch , first=Jerry , date=February 19, 2014 , title=Tesla Motors ends year with higher sales but still a big loss , work=Los Angeles Times , url=https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-hy-fourth-quarter-loss-telsa-20140219,0,6840087,full.story , url-status=dead , access-date=February 19, 2014 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422072456/http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-hy-fourth-quarter-loss-telsa-20140219,0,6840087,full.story , archive-date=April 22, 2014 ''A total of 22,477 Model S sedans were sold in 2013.''
{{Cite web , date=July 2, 2018 , title=Tesla Second Quarter 2018 Delivery , url=http://ir.tesla.com/news-releases/news-release-details/tesla-q2-2018-vehicle-production-and-deliveries , access-date=September 2, 2018 , publisher=Tesla , location= Palo Alto
{{Cite news , first=Ucilia , last=Wang , date=November 5, 2013 , title=Tesla Makes Record Delivery of Model S, Promises A 'Pioneering Approach' To Servicing Its Cars , work=Forbes , url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/uciliawang/2013/11/05/tesla-makes-record-delivery-of-model-s-promises-a-pioneering-approach-to-servicing-its-cars/ , access-date=November 5, 2013'' Over 5,500 units delivered during 3Q 2013.''
{{Cite web , date=October 2, 2018 , title=Tesla Q3 2018 Vehicle Production and Deliveries , url=http://ir.tesla.com/news-releases/news-release-details/tesla-q3-2018-vehicle-production-and-deliveries , access-date=October 20, 2018 , publisher=Tesla , location= Palo Alto
{{Cite news , first=Paul , last=Lienert , date=February 20, 2013 , title=UPDATE 2-Tesla Motors expects first profit in Q1 , work=Reuters , url=https://www.reuters.com/article/teslamotors-results-idUSL4N0BK65V20130220 , access-date=February 20, 2013 ''A total of about 2,650 Model S sedans were sold during 2012''
{{Cite web , date=February 11, 2014 , title=Tesla Motors – Fourth Quarter & Full Year 2014 Shareholder Letter , url=http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-4CW8X0/3964956825x0x808854/BB31868E-588E-4E95-B72E-729E88E9E932/Q4'14%20Shareholder%20Letter%20Final.pdf , access-date=February 11, 2014 , publisher=Tesla Motors ''Global sales during 4Q 2014 totaled 9,834 units.''
{{Cite web , date=February 10, 2016 , title=Tesla Fourth Quarter & Full Year 2015 Update , url=http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-4CW8X0/456867397x0x874449/945B9CF5-86DA-4C35-B03C-4892824F058D/Q4_15_Tesla_Update_Letter.pdf , access-date=February 10, 2016 , publisher= Tesla Motors ''A total of 17,478 units were delivered globally during the fourth quarter of 2015, including 206 Model X vehicles. Model S sales in the United States totaled 16,689 units in 2014 and 25,202 in 2015.''
{{Cite web , date=February 10, 2016 , title=Tesla Fourth Quarter & Full Year 2015 Update , url=http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-4CW8X0/456867397x0x874449/945B9CF5-86DA-4C35-B03C-4892824F058D/Q4_15_Tesla_Update_Letter.pdf , access-date=February 10, 2016 , publisher= Tesla Motors ''A total of 17,478 units were delivered globaly during the fourth quarter of 2015, including 206 Model X vehicles. Model S sales in the United States totaled 16,689 units in 2014 and 25,202 in 2015.''
{{Cite news , date=January 5, 2019 , title=Tesla Fourth Quarter 2018 Delivery , publisher=Tesla , location=Palo Alto , url=http://ir.tesla.com/news-releases/news-release-details/tesla-q4-2018-vehicle-production-deliveries-also-announcing-2000 , access-date=January 9, 2019

{{Cite web , last=Willebrands , first=Michiel , date=August 22, 2013 , title=Tesla opent assemblagecentrum in Tilburg , trans-title=Tesla opens assembly center in Tilburg , url=http://www.autoweek.nl/nieuws/24511/tesla-opent-assemblagecentrum-in-tilburg , access-date=October 7, 2013 , publisher=Auto Week Netherlands , language=nl
{{Cite web , date=March 10, 2016 , title=Singapore's LTA says the Tesla Model S it tested was a used car, hence its low efficiency , url=https://www.techinasia.com/singapores-lta-tesla-model-tested-car-efficiency , access-date=June 1, 2016 , website=Tech in Asia
{{Cite web , title=Charge your Model S – Adapter Guide, High Power Charging, and Supercharge , url=http://www.teslamotors.com/models/charging#/highpower , access-date=June 23, 2012 , publisher=Tesla Motors
{{Cite web , title=Model S Specs and Standards , url=http://www.teslamotors.com/models/specs , access-date=June 4, 2012 , publisher=Tesla Motors
{{Cite web , title=Tesla Model S Performance – Battery , url=http://www.teslamotors.com/models/features#/performance , access-date=June 22, 2012 , publisher=Tesla Motors
{{Cite news , last=Hull , first=Dana , date=February 14, 2013 , title=Elon Musk vs The New York Times: battle escalates Thursday with dueling blog posts , work= San Jose Mercury News , url=http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_22588308/teslas-elon-musk-fires-back-at-new-york?source=most_viewed , access-date=September 15, 2014
{{Cite web , last=Cobb , first=Jeff , date=February 11, 2015 , title=2014's Top-10 Global Best-Selling Plug-in Cars , url=http://www.hybridcars.com/2014s-top-10-global-best-selling-plug-in-cars/10/ , access-date=February 11, 2015 , publisher=HybridCars.com ''A total of 31,655 units were sold worldwide in 2014. Global cumulative sales since June 2012 totaled 56,782 Model S cars by the end of 2014.''
{{Cite news , last=Cobb , first=Jeff , date=January 26, 2017 , title=Tesla Model S Is World's Best-Selling Plug-in Car For Second Year In A Row , work=HybridCars.com , url=http://www.hybridcars.com/tesla-model-s-is-worlds-best-selling-plug-in-car-for-second-year-in-a-row/ , access-date=January 26, 2017
{{Cite news , last=Cobb , first=Jeff , date=January 12, 2016 , title=Tesla Model S Was World's Best-Selling Plug-in Car in 2015 , work=HybridCars.com , url=http://www.hybridcars.com/tesla-model-s-was-worlds-best-selling-plug-in-car-in-2015/ , access-date=January 13, 2016
{{Cite news , last=Sharan , first=Zachary , date=February 4, 2017 , title=Tesla Model S & Nissan LEAF Clocked As World's Best-Selling Electric Cars In 2016 , work= CleanTechnica , url=https://cleantechnica.com/2017/02/04/tesla-model-s-clocked-as-worlds-best-selling-electric-car-in-2016/ , access-date=February 4, 2017
{{Cite web , date=November 19, 2015 , title=Model S seat belt inspection , url=http://www.teslamotors.com/support/model-s-seat-belt-inspection , access-date=November 24, 2015 , publisher=Tesla Motors
{{Cite web , last=LeBeau , first=Phil , date=2018-10-24 , title=Tesla slips several spots in Consumer Reports reliability ranking , url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/24/tesla-reliability-slips-to-third-worst-in-us-consumer-reports-says.html , access-date=2019-10-03 , website=CNBC , language=en
{{Cite web , date=2021-06-17 , title=Tesla Model S Plaid First Test: 0–60 MPH in 1.98 Seconds*! , url=https://www.motortrend.com/cars/tesla/model-s/2021/2022-tesla-model-s-plaid-first-test-review/ , website=MotorTrend , language=en
{{Cite web , date=January 19, 2017 , title=Fatal Tesla Autopilot accident investigation ends with no recall ordered , url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/1/19/14323990/tesla-autopilot-fatal-accident-nhtsa-investigation-ends , access-date=January 19, 2017 , website=The Verge
{{Cite web , title=Acceleration chart , url=http://st.motortrend.com/uploads/sites/5/2017/02/Tesla-Acceleration-Chart.jpg
{{Cite web , title=Plug-in grant eligible vehicles licensed (at the end of Q1 2016) , url=http://www.racfoundation.org/data/plug-in-grant-eligible-vehicles-licensed-by-quarter , access-date=June 7, 2016 , publisher=RAC Foundation , location=UK ''Figures correspond to the number of vehicles registered at the end of the corresponding quarter.''
{{Cite web , date=March 2017 , title=Plug-in grant eligible vehicles licensed (at the end of Q3 2016) , url=http://www.racfoundation.org/data/plug-in-grant-eligible-vehicles-licensed-by-quarter , access-date=March 9, 2017 , publisher=RAC Foundation , location=UK ''A total of 3,907 Model S cars were registered in the UK at the end of September 2016.''
{{Cite web , date=January 2018 , title=Plug-in grant eligible vehicles licensed (at the end of Q3 2017) , url=http://www.racfoundation.org/data/plug-in-grant-eligible-vehicles-licensed-by-quarter , access-date=February 6, 2018 , publisher=RAC Foundation , location=UK ''This figure corresponds to eligible vehicles for the plug-in car and van grant schemes as licensed in the UK at the end of Q2 2017 (not cumulative sales).''
{{Cite news , last=Lilly , first=Chris , date=September 17, 2015 , title=Outlander PHEV tops ultra-low emission league table as plug-in sales soar , work=Next Green Car , url=http://www.nextgreencar.com/news/7241/outlander-phev-remains-of-plugin-sales-charts/ , access-date=September 24, 2015 ''A total of 1,047 Model S cars were registered in the UK at the end of June 2015.''
{{Cite web , last=Loveday , first=Eric , date=June 7, 2014 , title=First Right Hand Drive Tesla Model S EVs Get Delivered in UK , url=http://insideevs.com/first-right-hand-drive-tesla-model-s-evs-get-delivered-uk/ , access-date=June 8, 2014 , publisher=InsideEVs.com
{{Cite news , last=Cobb , first=Jeff , date=January 11, 2017 , title=America's Plug-in Car Sales Were Their Best Ever in 2016 , work=HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates , url=http://www.hybridcars.com/americas-plug-in-car-sales-were-their-best-ever-in-2016/ , access-date=January 12, 2017 ''Plug-in electric car sales in the U.S. totaled 157,181 units, up 37.6% from 2015 (114,248). The plug-in car segment achieved an all-time high market share of 0.90% of new car sales in 2016. December sales totaled a record monthly volume of 23,288 units and also achieved a record monthly market share of 1.39% of new car sales. The top selling model for the second year in a row was the Tesla Model S with 29,156 units sold in 2016, followed by the Chevrolet Volt (24,739), Tesla Model X (18,028), Ford Energi Fusion (15,938), and the Nissan Leaf (14,006). {{As of, 2016, 12, cumulative sales totaled 570,187 plug-in cars since 2008, with the Chevrolet Volt as the all-time best selling plug-in car with 113,489 units. The Tesla Model S ranks third with an estimated 92,317 units since its inception in 2012.''
{{Cite web , first=Mark , last=Kane , date=January 3, 2019 , title=U.S. Tesla Sales In December 2018 Up By 249% , url=https://insideevs.com/u-s-tesla-sales-december-2018-up/ , access-date=January 28, 2019 , website=Inside EVs ''Cumulative sales in the U.S. of the three Tesla models available in 2018 totaled 351,298 vehicles, consisting of 143,892 Model S cars, 141,546 Model 3 cars, and 65,852 Model X SUVs, all, since inception.''
{{Cite web , title=2016 Tesla Model S (70 kW-hr battery pack) lick "Specs", url=http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/Find.do?action=sbs&id=37233 , access-date=August 11, 2016 , publisher=U.S. Department of Energy
{{Cite web , date=2014 , title=Official Tesla Model S 2014 safety rating results , url=http://www.euroncap.com/en/results/tesla/model-s/7897 , access-date=August 16, 2016 , publisher=EURO NCAP
{{Cite web , last=Nolan , first=David , date=December 6, 2013 , title=Life With Tesla Model S: Electric-Draw Vampire Slain, At Last , url=http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1088929_life-with-tesla-model-s-electric-draw-vampire-slain-at-last , access-date=December 9, 2013 , website=Green Car Reports
{{Cite web , date=November 14, 2019 , title=Tesla Model 3 and Model S Regain a Consumer Reports Recommendation , url=https://www.consumerreports.org/car-reliability-owner-satisfaction/tesla-model-3-model-s-regain-consumer-reports-recommendation/ , access-date=December 15, 2019
{{Cite news , last1=Hattrem , first1=Hanne , last2=Larsen-Vonstett , first2=Øystein , date=March 17, 2016 , title=Tesla-brannen: Kortslutning i bilen, men vet ikke hvorfor , language=no , trans-title=Tesla fire: Short circuit in the car but do not know why , work=Verdens Gang , url=http://www.vg.no/forbruker/bil-baat-og-motor/elbil/tesla-brannen-kortslutning-i-bilen-men-vet-ikke-hvorfor/a/23640710/ , access-date=March 18, 2016
{{Cite web , last=Sorokanich , first=Bob , date=2015-06-10 , title=Musk: Tesla "unlikely" to pursue battery swapping stations , url=https://www.roadandtrack.com/new-cars/car-technology/news/a25872/elon-musk-tesla-battery-swap/ , access-date=2021-07-17 , website=Road & Track , language=en-US
{{Cite web , last=Hollister , first=Sean , date=2021-06-01 , title=AMD confirms it's powering the gaming rig inside Tesla's Model S and Model X , url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/1/22462660/amd-tesla-model-x-s-plaid-ryzen-radeon-rdna-2 , access-date=2021-07-17 , website=The Verge , language=en
{{Cite web , title=LTA on Tesla: CO2 emissions for electric cars start at power grid , url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/lta-on-tesla-car-test-all/2572062.html , access-date=June 1, 2016 , website=Channel NewsAsia
{{Cite web , title=Model S Optionen und Preis , trans-title=Model S options and Price , url=http://www.teslamotors.com/de_DE/models/options , access-date=August 8, 2013 , publisher=Tesla Motors , location=Germany , language=de
{{Cite web , last=Wert , first=Ray , date=February 20, 2007 , title=Darryl Siry responds to rumor on Jalopnik forum , url=http://jalopnik.com/cars/news/new-mexico-gets-tesla-whitestar-facility--to-produce-an-electric-fusion-237982.php , access-date=November 27, 2010 , publisher=Jalopnik.com
{{Cite news , last=Westbrook , first=Justin T. , date=September 11, 2019 , title=Elon Musk Claims Tesla Model S Sets New Record At Laguna Seca, Which Is Not The Nürburgring , work= Jalopnik , url=https://jalopnik.com/elon-musk-claims-tesla-model-s-sets-new-record-at-lagun-1838037694
{{Cite news , last=Davies , first=Alex , date=October 10, 2014 , title=The Model D Is Tesla's Most Powerful Car Ever, Plus Autopilot , work= Wired , url=https://www.wired.com/2014/10/tesla-reveals-details-big-model-d-announcement/ , access-date=October 11, 2014
{{Cite web , title=Official Tesla Model S 2014 safety rating results , url=http://www.euroncap.com/en/results/tesla/model-s/7897 , access-date=May 7, 2016 , publisher=Euro NCAP
{{Cite news , date=December 12, 2016 , title=Tesla settles Norway lawsuit over car's performance , agency=Reuters , url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/tesla-settles-norway-lawsuit-over-123303743.html , access-date=December 12, 2016
{{Cite web , title=Tesla Model S Owner's Manual , url=http://www.teslamotors.com/sites/default/files/Model-S-Owners-Manual.pdf , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319003017/http://www.teslamotors.com/sites/default/files/Model-S-Owners-Manual.pdf , archive-date=March 19, 2015 , access-date=July 9, 2015 , website=Tesla Motors
{{Cite news , date=June 16, 2016 , title=Porsche Manager Reportedly Calls Tesla's Ludicrous Mode a "Facade" , language=en , work=Road & Track , url=http://www.roadandtrack.com/new-cars/car-technology/news/a29570/porsche-engineer-tesla-ludicrous-facade/ , access-date=July 13, 2017
{{Cite magazine , date=November 1, 2012 , title=Best Inventions of the Year 2012 – $22,000 – $750,000 -The Tesla Model S , magazine=Time , url=http://techland.time.com/2012/11/01/best-inventions-of-the-year-2012/slide/the-tesla-model-s/ , url-status=dead , access-date=November 2, 2012 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103135534/http://techland.time.com/2012/11/01/best-inventions-of-the-year-2012/slide/the-tesla-model-s/ , archive-date=November 3, 2012
{{Cite web , title=Tesla Model S Plaid with 'practically alien' tech unleashed: 1000 hp, lowest drag coefficient, and PS5-level gaming , date=June 11, 2021 , url=https://www.teslarati.com/tesla-model-s-plaid-price-features-specs/
{{Cite web , last=Field , first=Kyle , date=April 29, 2016 , title=Tesla Makes Full-Court Press With Destination Charging , url=https://cleantechnica.com/2016/04/29/tesla-makes-full-court-press-destination-charging/ , access-date=June 4, 2017 , website=Clean Technica , publisher=Sustainable Enterprises Media
{{Cite web , last=Blankenship , first=George , date=November 28, 2016 , title=Tesla Patent Outlines Sensible Approach to Cabin Heating , url=http://insideevs.com/tesla-patent-outlines-sensible-approach-cabin-heating/ , access-date=November 28, 2016 , publisher=InsideEVs
{{Cite news , last=Philip LeBeau , date=February 19, 2013 , title=Behind the Wheel, Putting the Tesla to the Test , publisher=CNBC , url=https://www.cnbc.com/id/100464893/page/1 , access-date=February 22, 2013
{{Cite web , date=June 28, 2016 , title=ODI Resume – Investigation: PE 16-007 , url=http://www-odi.nhtsa.dot.gov/acms/cs/jaxrs/download/doc/UCM530776/INOA-PE16007-7080.PDF , access-date=July 2, 2016 , publisher=Office of Defects Investigations, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) , location=U.S.
{{Cite web , date=2014 , title=2014 Tesla Model S 5 HB RWD , url=http://www.safercar.gov/Vehicle-Shoppers/5%E2%80%93Star-Safety-Ratings/2011%E2%80%93Newer-Vehicles/Vehicle%E2%80%93Detail?vehicleId=8787 , access-date=August 16, 2016 , publisher=NHTSA
{{Cite web , last=Cunningham , first=Wayne , date=October 6, 2010 , title=Tesla Model S: The battery pack , url=http://reviews.cnet.com/8301-13746_7-20018836-48.html , access-date=February 20, 2014 , publisher=C{{!Net
{{Cite news , last=O'Kane , first=Sean , date=June 9, 2016 , title=Tesla just released two cheaper versions of the Model S , work=The Verge , publisher=Vox Media , url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/6/9/11893504/tesla-model-s-60d-price-range , access-date=June 11, 2016
{{Cite news , last1=Nivedita , first1=C. , first2=Tina , last2=Bellon , date=October 15, 2020 , title=Tesla's back-to-back price cuts bring sticker on U.S. Model S below $70,000 , work=Reuters , url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tesla-model-s-idUSKBN26Z2Y9
{{Cite news , last=Lee , first=Timothy B. , date=April 20, 2017 , title=Tesla is recalling most of the cars it sold in 2016 , work=Vox , url=http://www.vox.com/new-money/2017/4/20/15374592/tesla-recall-53000-cars , access-date=April 21, 2017
{{Cite news , title=E-Auto-Härtetest auto motor und sport unterstreicht harte Testmethoden , trans-title=car auto motor und sport emphasizes hard test methods , work=Auto motor und Sport , url=http://www.auto-motor-und-sport.de/news/e-auto-haertetest-auto-motor-und-sport-unterstreicht-harte-testmethoden-8563278.html , access-date=November 12, 2014

{{Cite web , title=2017 Tesla Model S 4-door hatchback , url=https://www.iihs.org/ratings/vehicle/tesla/model-s-4-door-hatchback/2017 , website=IIHS-HLDI crash testing and highway safety
{{Cite web , last=George , first=Patrick , date=March 28, 2014 , title=The Tesla Model S: Now With Road Debris-Crushing Titanium! , url=http://jalopnik.com/the-tesla-model-s-now-with-road-debris-crushing-titani-1553544362 , access-date=March 31, 2014 , website=Jalopnik
2015 Dodge Charger SRT Hellcat vs. 2015 Tesla Model S P85D! – Head 2 Head Ep. 65
at 14m. ''Motor Trend Channel'', April 29, 2015
{{Cite web , date=December 12, 2012 , title=Tesla Model S Named 2013 AutoGuide.com Reader's Choice Car of the Year , url=http://www.autoguide.com/auto-news/2012/12/tesla-model-s-named-2013-autoguide-com-readers-choice-car-of-the-year.html , access-date=December 28, 2012 , website=AutoGuide
{{Cite web , last=Muoio , first=Danielle , date=June 22, 2017 , title=Two Tesla fanatics just drove a Model S for a record 560 miles on a single charge – here's how , url=http://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-model-s-sets-new-hypermiling-record-560-miles-2017-6 , access-date=August 30, 2017 , website=Business Insider , location=Australia
{{Cite news , last=Lambert , first=Fred , date=May 19, 2018 , title=Tesla releases some of its software to comply with open source licences , work=Electrek , location=US , url=https://electrek.co/2018/05/19/tesla-releases-softwar-open-source-licences/ , access-date=May 29, 2018
{{Cite web , last=Ewing , first=Steven , date=June 10, 2021 , title=Tesla Model S Plaid arrives with $131,100 price tag, 390-mile range , url=https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/tesla-model-s-plaid-ev-range-price-debut-elon-musk/ , access-date=2021-07-17 , website=Roadshow , language=en
{{Cite web , last1=Thiel , first1=Christian , last2=Krause , first2=Jette , last3=Dilara , first3=Panagiota , year=2015 , title=Electric vehicles in the EU from 2010 to 2014 – is full scale commercialisation near? , url=https://setis.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/reports/Electric_vehicles_in_the_EU.pdf , access-date=August 12, 2016 , publisher=European Commission Joint Research Centre , pages=9, 15–16
{{Cite web , date=November 5, 2013 , title=Model S Achieves Euro NCAP 5-Star Safety Rating , url=http://www.teslamotors.com/blog/model-s-achieves-euro-ncap-5star-safety-rating , access-date=November 26, 2014 , publisher=Tesla Motors
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{{Cite news , last=Isidore , first=Chris , date=July 18, 2016 , title=Elon Musk says Autopilot upgrade could be coming , publisher=CNN , location=US , url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/07/18/technology/elon-musk-tesla-autopilot-upgrade/index.html?iid=Lead , access-date=July 19, 2016
{{Cite news , last=Broder , first=John , date=February 10, 2013 , title=Stalled Out on Tesla's Electric Highway , work=The New York Times , url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/10/automobiles/stalled-on-the-ev-highway.html?ref=automobiles&_r=0 , access-date=February 16, 2013
{{Cite web , last=Lambert , first=Frederic , date=August 9, 2017 , title=Tesla has a new Autopilot '2.5' hardware suite with more computing power for autonomous driving , url=https://electrek.co/2017/08/09/tesla-autopilot-2-5-hardware-computer-autonomous-driving/ , access-date=15 February 2018 , publisher=electrek.co

Further reading

* {{Cite book , last=van Gilluwe , first=Frank , url=http://teslatap.com/books , title=Tesla Model S – Best Car Ever! , publisher=FAQware , year=2013 , isbn=978-0-9860689-0-4 , edition=1st.
See book review: {{Cite news , date=December 13, 2013 , title=Tesla Model S Best Car Ever!" is the Book All Model S Owners Should Own (Book Review) , work=InsideEVs , url=http://insideevs.com/book-review-tesla-model-s-best-car-ever-is-the-book-all-model-s-owners-should-own/
* {{Cite book , last=Howe , first=Nick J. , url=http://www.teslaccessories.com/products/owning-model-s-by-nick-howe-book-pre-orders , title=Owning Model S: The Definitive Guide to Buying and Owning the Tesla Model S , year=2014 , edition=1st.
See book review: {{Cite news , date=May 27, 2017 , title=Owning A Tesla Model S: New Book Offers Tips, Tricks, Inside Info (Book Review) , work=Green Car Reports , url=http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1092273_owning-a-tesla-model-s-new-book-offers-tips-tricks-inside-info-book-review

External links

{{Commons category, Tesla Model S
* {{Official website

2012 Tesla Model S test and range verification

Should Battery Fires Drive Electric Cars Off the Road?
Scientific American, November 12, 2013.

{{Tesla Motors
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