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Ellen G. White Ellen Gould White (née Harmon; November 26, 1827 – July 16, 1915) was an American woman author and co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Along with other Adventist leaders such as Joseph Bates and her husband James White, she wa ...
, one of the co-founders of the
Seventh-day Adventist Church The Seventh-day Adventist Church is an Adventist Protestant Christian denomination which is distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the seventh day of the week in the Christian (Gregorian) and the Hebrew calendar, as the Sabbath, and ...
, was extremely influential on the church, which considers her a prophet, understood today as an expression of the
New Testament The New Testament grc, Ἡ Καινὴ Διαθήκη, transl. ; la, Novum Testamentum. (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Chris ...
spiritual gift A spiritual gift or charism (plural: charisms or charismata; in Greek singular: χάρισμα ''charisma'', plural: χαρίσματα ''charismata'') is an extraordinary power given by the Holy Spirit."Spiritual gifts". ''A Dictionary of the ...
of
prophecy In religion, a prophecy is a message that has been communicated to a person (typically called a ''prophet'') by a supernatural entity. Prophecies are a feature of many cultures and belief systems and usually contain divine will or law, or p ...
. She was a voluminous writer and popular speaker on health and temperance. Her teachings are preserved today through over 50,000 manuscript pages of her writings, and the records of others.


Theology

Her
theology Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing th ...
was Christ-centered, particularly since the 1888 Minneapolis General Conference. Her
Christology In Christianity, Christology (from the Greek grc, Χριστός, Khristós, label=none and grc, -λογία, -logia, label=none), translated literally from Greek as "the study of Christ", is a branch of theology that concerns Jesus. Diff ...
(understanding of the nature of
Jesus Jesus, likely from he, יֵשׁוּעַ, translit=Yēšūaʿ, label= Hebrew/ Aramaic ( AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth (among other names and titles), was a first-century Jewish preacher and relig ...
). See Reprinted with permission by
Andrews University Andrews University is a private Seventh-day Adventist university in Berrien Springs, Michigan. Founded in 1874 as Battle Creek College, it was the first higher education facility started by Seventh-day Adventists and is the flagship universi ...
Press.
Berrien Springs Berrien Springs is a village in Berrien County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,800 at the time of the 2010 census. The village is located within Oronoko Charter Township. History Berrien Springs, like Berrien County, is na ...
, MI (February 1992). She promoted the Great Controversy theme, as outlined in her book. It has been disputed by some whether she taught one could feel
assurance of salvation As a general term in theological use, assurance refers to a believer's confidence in God, God's response to prayer, and the hope of eternal salvation. In Protestant Christian doctrine, the term "assurance", also known as the Witness of the Spirit, ...
. Jerry Moon argues that she did. But most Adventists do not believe in the doctrine of 'Once Saved Always Saved' as the church holds Arminian theology, and hence does not teach a "once-saved-always-saved" philosophy.
Arthur Patrick Arthur Nelson Patrick (23 February 1934 – 8 March 2013) was a Seventh-day Adventist theologian and historian. At the time of death, he was an honorary senior research fellow at Avondale College in New South Wales, Australia. He also w ...
believes that White was an "
evangelical Evangelicalism (), also called evangelical Christianity or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide interdenominational movement within Protestant Christianity that affirms the centrality of being " born again", in which an individual expe ...
", in that she had high regard for the Bible, saw the cross as central, supported righteousness by faith, believed in Christian activism, and sought to restore New Testament Christianity. By contrast, one study of Ellen White places both her and early Adventism within the context of the materialist theology of the times, seeing this to inform her Christology as well as other aspects of her teachings that are now outdated and do not correspond to contemporary Adventist views. By the same token, the study sees her as a precursor of
monist Monism attributes oneness or singleness (Greek: μόνος) to a concept e.g., existence. Various kinds of monism can be distinguished: * Priority monism states that all existing things go back to a source that is distinct from them; e.g., i ...
covenantalism. White once wrote: "The greatest want of the world is the want of men—men who will not be bought or sold, men who in their inmost souls are true and honest, men who do not fear to call sin by its right name, men whose conscience is as true to duty as the needle to the pole, men who will stand for the right though the heavens fall." Ellen White avoided using the word "Trinity", "and her husband stated categorically that her visions did not support the Trinitarian creed." Her theology did not include a doctrine of the Trinity.


Music

Ellen White wrote many times about music and its strong effects on the intellect and spirit. She was clearly a believer in music's use in worship, but advocated care in implementation. After a 1900 camp meeting with sensational music, she wrote the following: "The things you have described as taking place in Indiana, the Lord has shown me would take place Just before the close of probation. Every uncouth thing will be demonstrated. There will be shouting, with drums, music, and dancing. The senses of rational beings will become so confused that they cannot be trusted to make right decisions. And this is called the moving of the Holy Spirit."''2nd Selected Messages'', p. 36-38., Ellen White
/ref> Her argument is that God's aspect of the
Holy Spirit In Judaism, the Holy Spirit is the divine force, quality, and influence of God over the Universe or over his creatures. In Nicene Christianity, the Holy Spirit or Holy Ghost is the third person of the Trinity. In Islam, the Holy Spirit acts as ...
never uses such disarray. She continues that "no encouragement should be given to this kind of worship," as worshippers are excited by a power they wrongly assume to be God's. She said, "Those things which have been in the past will be in the future. Satan will make music a snare by the way in which it is conducted. God calls upon His people, who have the light before them in the Word and in the Testimonies, to read and consider, and to take heed. Clear and definite instruction has been given in order that all may understand. But the itching desire to originate something new results in strange doctrines, and largely destroys the influence of those who would be a power for good if they held firm the beginning of their confidence in the truth the Lord had given them." Believers should hold to that which has been proven beneficial and steer away from that which can ensnare such as popular, or secular forms of music. In her book ''Education,'' White writes about the use of music for the uplift of souls. She writes that music "is one of the most effective means of impressing the heart with spiritual truth. . . . As a part of religious service, singing is as much an act of worship as is prayer. Indeed, many a song is prayer. . . . Heaven's communion begins on earth. We learn here the keynote of its praise."''Education'', pg. 168
/ref> White believed that music had a special power, and could vastly benefit the listener if used correctly. Quite simply put, according to White, "Music, when not abused, is a great blessing; but when it is put to a wrong use, it is a terrible curse."


End times

She described a "shaking" in the end times. There are claims she predicted future events. Yet it is estimated that less than 5% of her writings contain predictions. See the compilation of her end-time views by former White Estate director Robert W. Olson.


Health

White expounded greatly on the subject of health and nutrition, as well as healthy eating, a balanced diet, and
vegetarianism Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, insects, and the flesh of any other animal). It may also include abstaining from eating all by-products of animal slaughter. Vegetarianis ...
. At her behest, the Seventh-day Adventist Church first established the Western Health Reform Institute in
Battle Creek, Michigan Battle Creek is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan, in northwest Calhoun County, at the confluence of the Kalamazoo and Battle Creek rivers. It is the principal city of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which enc ...
in 1866 to care for the sick as well as to disseminate health instruction. Over the years, other Adventist sanitariums were established around the country, and one was the Loma Linda Sanitarium, that is now name of the
Loma Linda University Medical Center Loma Linda University Medical Center (LLUMC) is an academic hospital in California's Inland Empire region. Opened more than 100 years ago, it has a trauma center that admits over one million patients yearly, around 900 faculty physicians and ove ...
. These sanitariums became hospitals, forming the backbone of the Adventists' medical network and, in 1972, forming the
Adventist Health System AdventHealth (formerly Adventist Health System) is a Seventh-day Adventist non-profit health care system headquartered in Altamonte Springs, Florida, that operates facilities in 9 states across the United States. The Adventist Health System was ...
. The beginnings of this health ministry are found in a vision that White had in 1863. The vision was said to have occurred during a visit by James and Ellen White to Otsego, Michigan to encourage the evangelistic workers there. White wrote in 1864 that tobacco was "a slow, insidious, but most malignant poison." Later text spoke of a member of the church called Doctor Osborn who had not quit, saying that despite his use of tobacco, the judgment lodged against him was more offensive. She was also critical of the consumption of alcohol, saying: "Moderate drinking is the school in which men are educated for the drunkard’s career." Early in 1866, responding to the instruction given to White on Christmas Day in 1865 that Seventh-day Adventists should establish a health institute for the care of the sick and the imparting of health instruction, plans were laid for the Western Health Reform Institute, which opened in September, 1866. While the Whites were in and out of Battle Creek from 1865 to 1868, James White's poor physical condition led them to move to a small farm near Greenville, Michigan. White argued that "drugs do not cure disease" and that "in most cases, the drug only changes the form and location of the disease." White's idea of health reform included vegetarianism in a day and age where "meat and two vegetables" was the standard meal for a typical North American. Her health message inspired a health food revolution starting with John Harvey Kellogg in his creation of
Corn Flakes Corn flakes, or cornflakes, are a breakfast cereal made from toasting flakes of corn (maize). The cereal, originally made with wheat, was created by Will Kellogg in 1894 for patients at the Battle Creek Sanitarium where he worked with his broth ...
. He also is credited as the inventor of granola after she requested he make a product that was "very similar" to it. The Sanitarium Health Food Company as it is now known was also started by this health principle. Adhering to the principles outlined in the health reform, John Harvey Kellogg differed from his brother's views on the sugar content of their Corn Flake breakfast cereal. The latter started Kellogg Company. White championed a vegetarianism that was intended to be not only physically, but also spiritually helpful to humans, and also to treat God's creatures with love and respect. The vegetarian diet that she recommends for her followers is said to contribute to their higher than average longevity. White prescribes that her followers drink six to eight glasses of water per day. Her views are expressed in many of her writings such as ''Important Facts Of Faith: Laws Of Health, And Testimonies, Nos. 1–10'' (1864), ''Healthful Living'' (1897, 1898), ''The Ministry of Healing'' (1905), ''The Health Food Ministry'' (1970), and ''Counsels on Diet and Foods'' (1938). Her work for health reform and emphasis on a vegetarian lifestyle is seen as the cause of the city of Loma Linda being named by researcher
Dan Buettner Dan Buettner (born June 18, 1960) is an American National Geographic Fellow and ''New York Times''-bestselling author. He is an explorer, educator, author, producer, storyteller and public speaker. He co-produced an Emmy Award-winning document ...
a Blue Zone where residents live for longer lives than the average lifespan. In 2022, journalist
Avery Yale Kamila Avery Yale Kamila is an American journalist, vegan columnist and community organizer in the state of Maine. Biography Kamila was born in Westminster, Massachusetts in the 1970s and grew up on an organic farm in Litchfield, Maine. Kamila adopte ...
said that White's "profound and lasting influence on vegetarian food in the United States continues today."


Education

Proper Education, 1872 Ellen White's earliest essays on Education appeared in the 1872 autumn editions of the Health Reformer. In her first essay, she stated that working with youthful minds was the most delicate of tasks. The manner of instruction should be varied. This would make it possible for the "high and noble powers of the mind" to have a chance to develop. To be qualified to educate the youth, parents and teachers must have self-control, gentleness and love. Education has a Broad Scope To White, Education is "more than merely having a knowledge of books. It takes in everything that is good, virtuous, righteous, and holy. It comprehends the practice of temperance, godliness, brotherly kindness, and love to God, and to each other. In order to attain this object, the physical, mental, moral, and religious education of children must have attention." Teach Students How to Think, Act and Decide She makes a distinction between simple training and education. The education of children should not be like the training of dumb animals. Children need to be shown how to use their own intelligent will to rule themselves. Children who are taught self-control will have moral energy and a sense of individual responsibility. Once students are taught self-control, the teacher should show them how to strengthen their weaker faculties. In this way they will cultivate a balanced mind. They need to be taught how to think, act, and decide for themselves. They should be encouraged to develop their own judgment and to have an opinion of their own. This is done by giving them opportunity to exercise their own judgment, "as fast and as far as practicable." Respect for Experienced Judgment Students should be taught to respect the experienced judgment of their parents and teachers. The relationship should be one of guidance; a respectful meeting of the minds. When they eventually go out on their own, they do so with the guiding ideas shared with them. Thus, they are able to stand strong. Complete Control Causes Future Problems "That class of teachers who are gratified that they have almost complete control of the will of their scholars are not the most successful teachers, although the appearance for the time being may be flattering. God never designed that one human mind should be under the complete control of another human mind." The most successful teachers over time are those who educate their students to use the power within to stand for principle. "Their work may not show to the very best advantage to careless observers, and their labors may not be valued as highly as the teacher who holds the will and mind of his scholars by absolute authority; but the future lives of the pupils will show the fruits of the better plan of education." Ellen White's idea of creating a Christian educational system and its importance in society is detailed in her writings ''Christian Education'' (1893, 1894) and ''Education'' (1903).


Church leadership

Ellen White wrote of Jesus as the believer's leader. According to White, Jesus was the leader of the Israelites in the Wilderness "enshrouded in the pillar of cloud." She presented leadership concepts in connection with Biblical leaders: e.g. Moses, Joshua, Nehemiah See also ''Ellen White on Leadership'' by Cindy Tutsch.''Ellen White on Leadership: Guidance for Those Who Influence Others'' by Cindy Tutsch. Nampa, ID: Pacific Press, 2008. Reviewed by Kenley D. Hall in ''
Andrews University Seminary Studies ''Andrews University Seminary Studies'' is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary at Andrews University. It was established in 1963 and publishes research articles and brief notes o ...
'' 47:1 (Spring 2009), p157–158


See also

* Ellen G. White#Major teachings *
Inspiration of Ellen White Most Seventh-day Adventists believe church co-founder Ellen G. White (1827–1915) was inspired by God as a prophet, today understood as a manifestation of the New Testament "gift of prophecy," as described in the official beliefs of the church. ...
, the debate concerning her inspiration * List of Ellen White writings * Ellen G. White Estate *
Ellen G. White bibliography Ellen G. White (November 26, 1827 – July 16, 1915), one of the founders of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, is identified as author of about 155 books, about 5,000 periodical articles, and 200 pamphlets. Books The books that identify White as ...
*
Prophecy in the Seventh-day Adventist Church Seventh-day Adventists believe that Ellen G. White, one of the church's co-founders, was a prophetess, understood today as an expression of the New Testament spiritual gift of prophecy. Seventh-day Adventist believe that White had the spiritual g ...
*
Three Angels' Messages The "three angels' messages" is an interpretation of the messages given by three angels in Revelation . The Seventh-day Adventist church teaches that these messages are given to prepare the world for the second coming of Jesus Christ, and sees the ...
*
The Pillars of Adventism The Pillars of Adventism are landmark doctrines for Seventh-day Adventists. They are Bible doctrines that define who they are as a people of faith; doctrines that are "non-negotiables" in Adventist theology. The Seventh-day Adventist church teache ...
* Country Life Restaurants


References

{{reflist, 2


External links


Articles by White
as cataloged in the Seventh-day Adventist Periodical Index (SDAPI); includes reprints Ellen G. White White, Ellen, Teachings of History of the Seventh-day Adventist Church Editors of Christian publications White, Ellen, Teachings of Lay theologians White, Ellen, Teachings of