The Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic ( rus, Советская Социалистическая Республика Тавриды, r=Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika Tavridy) was an unsuccessful attempt to establish a
Soviet republic situated in the
Crimean Peninsula
Crimea, crh, Къырым, Qırım, grc, Κιμμερία / Ταυρική, translit=Kimmería / Taurikḗ ( ) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. It has a pop ...
part of
Soviet Russia
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR or RSFSR ( rus, Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, Rossíyskaya Sovétskaya Federatívnaya Soci ...
. The republic was established by
Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...
Jan Miller and
Anton Slutsky who previously participated in the
Petrograd Bolshevik Revolution.
It existed from 19 March to 30 April 1918 and was recognised by the
Russian SSR
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including:
*Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
* Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and pe ...
.
History
Disbandment of the Crimean National Republic
Following the 1917
October Revolution
The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key mome ...
, the ethnic
Tatar
The Tatars ()[Tatar]
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different government proclaimed the
Crimean People's Republic
The Crimean People's Republic ( crh, Qırım Halq Cumhuriyeti; uk, Кримська народна республіка, translit=Kryms'ka narodna respublika; russian: Крымская народная республика, translit=Krymskaya ...
on 13 December 1917. In January 1918, however, it was overrun by
Bolshevik
The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...
forces. In
Simferopol
Simferopol () is the second-largest city in the Crimean Peninsula. The city, along with the rest of Crimea, is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine, and is considered the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. However, it is ...
a guberniya revkom was established which, however, did possess sufficient authority as the military center continued to be located in
Sevastopol
Sevastopol (; uk, Севасто́поль, Sevastópolʹ, ; gkm, Σεβαστούπολις, Sevastoúpolis, ; crh, Акъя́р, Aqyár, ), sometimes written Sebastopol, is the largest city in Crimea, and a major port on the Black Sea ...
.
To liquidate this dual authority on February 10–12, 1918 there took place a conference of revkoms at which participated 44 delegates (including 27 Bolsheviks). The conference was later recognized as an extraordinary congress of the Soviets of Workers and Soldiers Deputies. At the meeting, it was decided to create 14 commissariats. The Congress also confirmed the disbandment of the Council of People's Representatives and Qurultay. The local administration was transformed into a system of soviets replacing the old system of duma and land administration (
zemstvo
A ''zemstvo'' ( rus, земство, p=ˈzʲɛmstvə, plural ''zemstva'' – rus, земства) was an institution of local government set up during the great emancipation reform of 1861 carried out in Imperial Russia by Emperor Alexande ...
). The 14-member Central Executive Committee was established as the central administration of guberniya which consisted of 10 Bolsheviks; the rest were
Left SR
The Party of Left Socialist-Revolutionaries (russian: Партия левых социалистов-революционеров-интернационалистов) was a revolutionary socialist political party formed during the Russian Revo ...
s. Jan Miller (
Bolshevik
The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...
) was appointed as chairman of the committee.
The Congress, with 23 votes "for" and 20 "against", decided that the administrative center would be in Simferopol rather than Sevastopol, while the military center, which was subordinated to the central executive committee, was left in Sevastopol. The major administrative and political issues were to be decided by laws adopted at the 3rd All-Russian Congress of Soviets. The Taurida congress also approved the adoption of drastic measures for grain procurement allowing requisition and the use of armed force sending bread to industrial areas and the army.
Establishment of the Soviet Autonomous Republic
A few weeks later, on 19 and 21 March, decrees of the Taurida Central Executive Committee (CEC) issued in
Simferopol
Simferopol () is the second-largest city in the Crimean Peninsula. The city, along with the rest of Crimea, is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine, and is considered the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. However, it is ...
established the Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic on the same territory. Areas of Taurida that lay north of Crimea were also claimed by the
Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic.
With the assistance of the
German Empire, the Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic was quickly overrun by forces of the
Ukrainian People's Republic
The Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR), or Ukrainian National Republic (UNR), was a country in Eastern Europe that existed between 1917 and 1920. It was declared following the February Revolution in Russia by the First Universal. In March 1 ...
during the Crimean Offensive.
[ Hrabovsky, S. ]
Три місяці свободи
', The Ukrainian Week
''The Ukrainian Week'' ( uk, Український Тиждень, translit=Ukrainskyi Tyzhden) is an illustrated weekly magazine covering politics, economics and the arts and aimed at the socially engaged Ukrainian-language reader. It provides ...
. 19 February 2008. By the end of April 1918, the majority of the CEC and the Council of People's Commissars, including council leader Anton Slutsky and local Bolshevik chief Jan Tarwacki, were arrested and shot in
Alushta
Alushta ( uk, Алушта; crh, Aluşta; ) is a city of regional significance on the southern coast of the Crimean peninsula which is within the Republic of Crimea, an internationally recognized ''de jure'' part of Ukraine, but since 2014 a ''de ...
by insurgent Crimean Tatars. On 30 April, the Republic was abolished.
Aftermath
Following the invasion, a German-protected
Crimean Regional Government
Crimean Regional Government (russian: Крымское краевое правительство ''Krymskoe kraevoe pravitel'stvo'') refers to two successive short-lived regimes in the Crimean Peninsula during 1918 and 1919.
History
Following Ru ...
was established under
Maciej Sulkiewicz
Maciej (Suleyman bey) Sulkiewicz ( be, Мацей Аляксандравіч Сулькевіч, translit=Maciej Aliaksandravič Sulkievič, az, Süleyman bəy Sulkeviç, russian: Матвей (Магомет) Сулькевич, translit=Matvey ...
and, later,
Solomon Krym
Solomon Samuilovich Krym (Russian: Соломон Самойлович Крым; 1864 – 1936) was a Crimean politician, statesman and agronomist of Crimean Karaite origin.
He was elected in 1906 to the First Duma (1906–07) as a ''Kad ...
. After the defeat of the
White Movement's
Volunteer Army
The Volunteer Army (russian: Добровольческая армия, translit=Dobrovolcheskaya armiya, abbreviated to russian: Добрармия, translit=Dobrarmiya) was a White Army active in South Russia during the Russian Civil War from ...
and the reassertion of
Soviet
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nation ...
control in late 1920, the lands of the former Republic were passed to the
Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
During the existence of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, different governments existed within the Crimean Peninsula. From 1921 to 1936, the government in the Crimean Peninsula was known as the Crimean Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic ...
under the
Russian SFSR
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR or RSFSR ( rus, Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, Rossíyskaya Sovétskaya Federatívnaya Soci ...
.
Soviet government
* Sovnarkom Chairman -
Anton Slutsky
* Narkom on Foreign Affairs and National Issues - I.Firdevs (until March 22,
Anton Slutsky)
* Narkom of Internal Affairs - S.Novoselsky
* Narkom of Land Cultivation
griculture- Arefiev (until March 22, Vano Gogolashvili, later S.Belotserkovets and S.Akimochkin until April 11)
* Narkom of Military Affairs - F.Kul (on March 26, the commissariat was merged into the Naval Commissariat)
* Narkom of Navy -
Yuri Gaven (Jānis Daumanis)
* Narkom of Finance - A.Koliadenko (until March 22, Jan Miller)
* Narkom of Roads of Communication
ransportation- S.Korobtsev (since March 22)
* Narkom of Labor - Fridrikh Shikhanovich
* Narkom of People's Enlightenment
ducation- Ye.Petrenko (until March 25, D.Skrypnik)
* Narkom of Charity - Volkov (until March 24 Makarov, March 24 - April 11 Burlaka)
* Narkom of Health - Kats (since March 24)
* Narkom of Justice - Vano Gogolashvili (since March 24)
* Narkom of Post Service and Telegraph - Urbansky (since March 21)
* Narkom of Food - I.Fedoseyev (March 25 - April 8 D.Skrypnik)
* Sovnarkom secretary - D.Skrypnik (since March 25)
* Sovnarkom chief of affairs - N.Viktorov (until end of March, Firsov)
See also
*
Russian Civil War
{{Infobox military conflict
, conflict = Russian Civil War
, partof = the Russian Revolution and the aftermath of World War I
, image =
, caption = Clockwise from top left:
{{flatlist,
*Soldiers ...
Notes
References
External links
Zarubin, V. ''Republic of Tuarida: forced experiment? (РЕСПУБЛИКА ТАВРИДЫ: ВЫНУЖДЕННЫЙ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТ?)'' "Historical Heritage of Crimea" magazine. #17, 2006.
* Nikitina, N.
To enter immortality, must one die?' Krymskoye Ekho. 5 September 2013
{{coord missing, Ukraine
Crimea during the Russian Civil War
1918 in Ukraine
Early Soviet republics
Subdivisions of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Communism in Ukraine
Political history of Ukraine
Post–Russian Empire states
Russian irredentism
1918 establishments in Ukraine
1918 disestablishments in Ukraine
States and territories established in 1918
States and territories disestablished in 1918
Former socialist republics
Political history of Crimea