The Taifa of Badajoz (from ar, طائفة بطليوس) was a medieval

Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God (or '' Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the ...

Moorish The term Moor, derived from the ancient Mauri, is an exonym first used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily and Malta during the Middle Ages. Moors are not a distinct or s ...

kingdom located in what is now parts of

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of th ...

and

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = '' Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , ...

. It was centred on the city of

Badajoz Badajoz (; formerly written ''Badajos'' in English) is the capital of the Province of Badajoz in the autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain. It is situated close to the Portuguese border, on the left bank of the river Guadiana. The populati ...

which exists today as the first city of

Extremadura Extremadura (; ext, Estremaúra; pt, Estremadura; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') is an autonomous community of Spain. Its capital city is Mérida, and its largest city is Badajoz. Located in the central-western part of the Iberian Peninsula, it ...

, in Spain.Taifa
- ''

Encyclopædia Britannica The (Latin for "British Encyclopædia") is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia. It is published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; the company has existed since the 18th century, although it has changed ownership various t ...

History

The taifa of Badajoz rose, like the other

taifa The ''taifas'' (singular ''taifa'', from ar, طائفة ''ṭā'ifa'', plural طوائف ''ṭawā'if'', a party, band or faction) were the independent Muslim principalities and kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), re ...

kingdoms of the

Iberian Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula (), ** * Aragonese and Occitan: ''Peninsula Iberica'' ** ** * french: Péninsule Ibérique * mwl, Península Eibérica * eu, Iberiar penintsula also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in southwestern Europe, def ...

, after the fragmentation of

al-Andalus Al-Andalus translit. ; an, al-Andalus; ast, al-Ándalus; eu, al-Andalus; ber, ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ, label= Berber, translit=Andalus; ca, al-Àndalus; gl, al-Andalus; oc, Al Andalús; pt, al-Ândalus; es, al-Ándalus () was the M ...

(the

Caliphate of Cordoba A caliphate or khilāfah ( ar, خِلَافَة, ) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph (; ar, خَلِيفَة , ), a person considered a political-religious successor to th ...

) in the late 10th and early 11th centuries. It was created by Sabur, a former slave of perhaps Slavic origin. The taifa's control extended over most of ancient

Lusitania Lusitania (; ) was an ancient Iberian Roman province located where modern Portugal (south of the Douro river) and a portion of western Spain (the present Extremadura and the province of Salamanca) lie. It was named after the Lusitani or Lu ...

, including Mérida and

Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administrative limits w ...

. Sabur was succeeded in 1022 by his

vizier A vizier (; ar, وزير, wazīr; fa, وزیر, vazīr), or wazir, is a high-ranking political advisor or minister in the near east. The Abbasid caliphs gave the title ''wazir'' to a minister formerly called '' katib'' (secretary), who was ...

Abdallah ibn al-Aftas Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Maslama () (c. 1004 – c. 1060), surnamed Ibn al-Aftas, was the founder of the Aftasid dynasty of the taifa of Badajoz, in what was then Al-Andalus. He was a miknasa berber from the Córdoba region. Ibn al-Aftas ...

, who founded the

Aftasid dynasty The Aftasid dynasty(from the Arabic بنو الأفطس ''Banu-l'Aftas'' or ''Banu al-Aftas'') was a Berber Miknasa dynasty centered in Badajoz (1022–1094) in Al Andalus (Moorish Iberia). History When the Caliphate of Cordoba broke up into t ...

. Sabur's sons fled to Lisbon, where they created the short-lived

taifa of Lisbon The Taifa of Lisbon (from ar, طائفة الأشبونة ''Taa'ifatu al-Ushbunah'') was a medieval Islamic Arab Taifa kingdom of Gharb Al-Andalus. It was located in '' Ath-Thaghr Al-Adna'' region, the north-western section of the Moorish Al-A ...

, which was soon reconquered by Badajoz. In 1055 Badajoz became a tributary of the

Kingdom of León-Castile Kingdom commonly refers to: * A monarchy ruled by a king or queen * Kingdom (biology), a category in biological taxonomy Kingdom may also refer to: Arts and media Television * ''Kingdom'' (British TV series), a 2007 British television drama s ...

, losing significant parts of its territory south of the Mondego river (south of

Coimbra Coimbra (, also , , or ) is a city and a municipality in Portugal. The population of the municipality at the 2011 census was 143,397, in an area of . The fourth-largest urban area in Portugal after Lisbon, Porto, and Braga, it is the largest cit ...

). The Abbadids of Seville also conquered parts of their territory. After the death of Abdallah's son, Abu Bakr, a civil war broke out between the latter's sons, Yahya and Abu, the former being victorious. His troops fought alongside the

Almoravid dynasty The Almoravid dynasty ( ar, المرابطون, translit=Al-Murābiṭūn, lit=those from the ribats) was an imperial Berber Muslim dynasty centered in the territory of present-day Morocco. It established an empire in the 11th century tha ...

against the Christian army in the Battle of Sagrajas (1086), which occurred not far from Badajoz. However, after the Almoravid victory, Yahya, who feared their increasing power, allied with

Alfonso VI of Castile Alphons (Latinized ''Alphonsus'', ''Adelphonsus'', or ''Adefonsus'') is a male given name recorded from the 8th century (Alfonso I of Asturias, r. 739–757) in the Christian successor states of the Visigothic kingdom in the Iberian peninsula. ...

. In 1094 the Almoravids occupied Badajoz and Yahya was killed together with two of his sons. A surviving son fled first to

Montánchez Montánchez is a municipality located in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura Extremadura (; ext, Estremaúra; pt, Estremadura; Fala language, Fala: ''Extremaúra'') is an autonomous communities in Spain, autonomous community of Spain. I ...

and then to Alfonso's court. After the taifa's original territory had been controlled by various kingdoms (Almoravids,

Almohads The Almohad Caliphate (; ar, خِلَافَةُ ٱلْمُوَحِّدِينَ or or from ar, ٱلْمُوَحِّدُونَ, translit=al-Muwaḥḥidūn, lit=those who profess the unity of God) was a North African Berber Muslim empire ...

) in succession, a second independent taifa was briefly recreated in Badajoz, existing from 1144 to 1150, when it fell again under Almohad dominion.

Emirs of Badajoz

1st Taifa period (11th century)

Banu Sabur (

Saqlabi Saqaliba ( ar, صقالبة, ṣaqāliba, singular ar, صقلبي, ṣaqlabī) is a term used in medieval Arabic sources to refer to Slavs and other peoples of Central, Southern, and Eastern Europe, or in a broad sense to European slaves. The ...

) * Sabur al-Saqlabi 1009-1022 *Abu Muhammad Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Sabur al-Saqlabi 1013–1022 *'Abd al-Aziz ibn Sabur al-Saqlabi 1022 *'Abd al-Malik ibn Sabur al-Saqlabi 1022 (in Lishbuna) Banu Aftas ( Aftasids) *

Abdallah ibn Muhammad ibn Maslamah ibn al-Aftas Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Maslama () (c. 1004 – c. 1060), surnamed Ibn al-Aftas, was the founder of the Aftasid dynasty of the taifa of Badajoz, in what was then Al-Andalus. He was a miknasa berber from the Córdoba region. Ibn al-Aftas ...

1022–1044 (Al-Mansur I) *Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abdallah al-Aftas 1045–1066 (Modafar I) *Yahya ibn Abu Bakr Muhammad al-Aftas 1067-1073/1079 (Al-Mansur II) *Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr Muhammad al-Aftas 1079-1093 *Fadl ibn Muhammad al-Aftas 1080-1093 (in Alqantara) *Abbas ibn Muhammad al-Aftas 1080-1093 (in Qasr 'Abi Dans) *Umar ibn Muhamad al-Aftas 1081-1093 (in Martila) *''To

Almoravids The Almoravid dynasty ( ar, المرابطون, translit=Al-Murābiṭūn, lit=those from the ribats) was an imperial Berber Muslim dynasty centered in the territory of present-day Morocco. It established an empire in the 11th century that s ...

1094''

2nd Taifa period (12th century)

Banu Wazir *Siddray ibn Wazir al-Wazir 1142-1145 Banu Hayy *Hakam ibn Muhammad al-Hayy 1116-1143 (in Alqantara) *Muhammad ibn Hakam al-Hayy 1146-1149 *''To

1150''

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Taifa Of Badajoz 1151 disestablishments States and territories established in 1009 Extremadura Taifas in Portugal Berber dynasties

History

Emirs of Badajoz

1st Taifa period (11th century)

2nd Taifa period (12th century)

See also

References