''Trianthema'' is a genus of
flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...
s in the ice plant family,
Aizoaceae
The Aizoaceae (), or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing 135 genera and about 1,800 species. Several genera are commonly known as 'ice plants' or 'carpet weeds'. The Aizoaceae are also referred to a ...
. Members of the genus are
annuals or
perennials
In horticulture, the term perennial ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the year") is used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. It has thus been defined as a plant that lives more than 2 years. The term is also ...
generally characterized by fleshy, opposite, unequal, smooth-margined leaves, a prostrate growth form, flowers with five
perianth segments subtended by a pair of
bract
In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis or cone scale.
Bracts are usually different from foliage leaves in size, color, shape or texture. They also lo ...
s, and a fruit with a winged lid. The genus contains about 30 described species growing in tropical and subtropical regions, especially Australia. One common species, ''
Trianthema portulacastrum'', desert horse purslane, is frequent as a weed in agricultural areas and is widely distributed.
Taxonomy
The genus ''Trianthema'' was first formally described in 1753 by
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...
in ''
Species Plantarum
' (Latin for "The Species of Plants") is a book by Carl Linnaeus, originally published in 1753, which lists every species of plant known at the time, classified into genus, genera. It is the first work to consistently apply binomial nomenclature ...
''.
Species list
The following is a list of species of ''Trianthema'' according to
Plants of the World Online
Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online taxonomic database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
History
Following the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew launched Plants of the World Online i ...
as at October 2020:
* ''
Trianthema argentinum''
Hunz. & A.A.Cocucci (Argentina)
* ''
Trianthema ceratosepalum''
Volkens & Irmsch. (Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania)
* ''
Trianthema clavatum''
( J.M.Black) H.E.K.Hartmann & Liede (South Australia)
* ''
Trianthema compactum''
C.T.White (Queensland, Northern Territory))
* ''
Trianthema corallicola''
H.E.K.Hartmann & Liede (Kenya, Somalia)
* ''
Trianthema corymbosum''
( E.Mey. ex Sond.) H.E.K.Hartmann & Liede (South Africa)
* ''
Trianthema crystallinum''
( Forssk.) Vahl (Bangladesh, Myanmar, Africa, Yemen, South Africa)
* ''
Trianthema cussackianum''
F.Muell.
Baron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller, (; 30 June 1825 – 10 October 1896) was a German-Australian physician, geographer, and most notably, a botanist. He was appointed government botanist for the then colony of Victoria (state), Vic ...
(Western Australia)
* ''
Trianthema cypseleoides''
(Fenzl
Eduard Fenzl (1808, in Krummnußbaum – 1879, in Vienna) was an Austrian botanist.
Life and contributions
An obituary notes " ewas Professor of Botany and Director of the Imperial Botanical Cabinet, a member of the Vienna Academy of Science ...
) Benth.
George Bentham (22 September 1800 – 10 September 1884) was an English botanist, described by the weed botanist Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century". Born into a distinguished family, he initially studie ...
(New South Wales)
* ''
Trianthema glossostigma''
F.Muell. (Northern Territory, Western Australia)
* ''
Trianthema hecatandrum''
Wingf. & M.F.Newman (Venezuela)
* ''
Trianthema hereroense''
Schinz (Namibia)
* ''
Trianthema kimberleyi''
Bittrich & K.M.Jenssen (Western Australia)
* ''
Trianthema megaspermum''
A.M.Prescott (Northern Territory)
* ''
Trianthema mozambiquense''
H.E.K.Hartmann & Liede (Mozambique)
* ''
Trianthema oxycalyptrum''
F.Muell. (Northern Territory, Western Australia)
* ''
Trianthema pakistanense''
H.E.K.Hartmann & Liede (India, Pakistan)
* ''
Trianthema parvifolium''
E.Mey. ex Sond. (Angola, Botswana, Cape Provinces, Free State, Namibia, Northern Provinces)
* ''
Trianthema patellitectum''
A.M.Prescott (Northern Territory, Western Australia)
* ''
Trianthema pilosum
''Trianthema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the ice plant family, Aizoaceae. Members of the genus are Annual plant, annuals or Perennial plant, perennials generally characterized by fleshy, opposite, unequal, smooth-margined leaves, a prostr ...
''
F.Muell. (Australia)
* ''
Trianthema portulacastrum''
L. – Desert horse purslane (many continents)
* ''
Trianthema rhynchocalyptrum''
F.Muell. (Northern Territory, Queensland)
* ''
Trianthema salsoloides''
Fenzl ex Oliv. (Angola, Botswana, Cape Provinces, Free State, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Northern Provinces, Sudan, Tanzania))
* ''
Trianthema sanguineum''
Volkens & Irmsch. (Kenya, Tanzania)
* ''
Trianthema sheilae''
A.G.Mill. & J.Nyberg (Eritea, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Yemen)
* ''
Trianthema triquetrum''
Willd. ex Spreng. (Sahara to Sahel to South Africa, Indian subcontinent, to Thailand, North-east Jawa to Lesser Sunda Island, Australia)
* ''
Trianthema turgidifolium
''Trianthema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the ice plant family, Aizoaceae. Members of the genus are Annual plant, annuals or Perennial plant, perennials generally characterized by fleshy, opposite, unequal, smooth-margined leaves, a prostr ...
''
F.Muell. (Northern Territory, Western Australia)
* ''
Trianthema ufoense''
H.E.K.Hartmann & Liede (Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia)
* ''
Trianthema vleiense''
H.E.K.Hartmann & Liede (Cape Provinces, Free State, Northern Provinces)
References
External links
Jepson Manual Treatment
{{Taxonbar, from=Q136766
Aizoaceae genera
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus